Stanyukovich Konstantin Mihaylovich: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

In mabhuku Russian, zita iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe Genre marinistiki. Yava kutoita chinowanzoitwa kutaura kuti Russian iwe une mbiri risingaenzaniswi muimbi gungwa nezvinhu, vakaenzana tarenda: kupenda - Ivan Aivazovsky, mumabhuku - Stanyukovich. Konstantin akabva kwemarudzi nhaka mugungwa. Zvinoita sokuti, chii zvimwe iye kunyora, iye vakabudirira akatanga basa rake somunhu mukuru wengarava, kana akanzwa kukara mabhuku basa? Zvichakadai, ake chadzainyanya, akawana kwete kamwe.

mwanakomana Admiral

Akaberekerwa muna 1843 muguta, inomiririra kubwinya wengarava kweRussia - muna Sevastopol. Baba - Admiral Mihail Nikolaevich Stanyukovich - vakashumira gavhuna zvechiuto uye commandant kweuto chengarava Sevastopol. "Unotyisa, Admiral," sezvo akamudana Papera mwanakomana-munyori, vaiona yakanakisisa zvomumvura mabhizimisi basa murume, vasingaiti zvechiuto kurongeka - nzira inonyanya akarurama kuronga upenyu, akakodzera mhuri. Wechizvarwa vaine Lithuanian Polish mhuri chekare Stankovichey, iye nevakange yesimbi uye simba hunhu. Marine nyaya aiva rekare tsika mhuri: kunyange mudzimai wake Lubov aiva mwanasikana mukuru wengarava.

Youmambo inofanira mberi - ichi chaiva nechokwadi Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin, aimbova youduku upenyu anokurumidza witted mwana, vakava munhau iyi tariro chikuru baba vake. Akaita urongwa kuti kutanga paumbwe mwanakomana, achimubvisa ave chipangamazano uye muperekedzi vakadzidza zvakanaka, vakabva Petersburg intelligentsia Ippolit Matveyevich Debu. Akanga kuutapwa pabasa sebhanditiwo musoja, mushure kushumira Links. Link aiva pane mutongo werufu panyaya Petrashevists (1949) - akarurama denderedzwa vaduku Socialist inotungamirirwa Michael Butashevich-Petrashevsky apo shamwari Debu pamusoro nekomichiyakazara raiva F. M. Dostoevsky. Debu asina kufuridzirwa mudzidzi wake wemakore gumi vake okunyanyisa maonero, asi vakaroverera maari kufarira mabhuku akanaka.

Menduru nokuti Kutsigira Sevastopol

Muna 1853 vakatanga kuti Crimean War, razova chiratidzo Russia akaunganidza nezvinetso zvamagariro chokuita sagona zvematongerwe enyika autocracy, stifled tariro yepamusoro akaturikidzana avanhu zvinhu, anotarisirwa kunyange pashure kukunda mune Hondo 1812. Zvadaro izvi kuchaguma echimurenga kufamba 1860, chisingafaniri kupunyuka simba uye Stanyukovich. Konstantin achakunzwira tsitsi kuchinja pfungwa, asi panguva ino makore 11, uye iye anoona kusvika Sevastopol Anglo-French mauto.

Munguva kudzivirira guta Constantine pamwe nababa vake uye kazhinji anoshumira akabatiswa mari anomurwira mishonga kuti kupfeka yemapurisa, etc. Zviri meso avo vachiona heroism uye dambudziko vengarava Russian guta delivery, anoona kunozivikanwa vatungamiriri kudzivirira - .. Admirals Kornilov uye Istomin. Apo, mushure kubvisa kubva rakakombwa mujinga Black Sea Fleet muna 1856, iye wechi St. Petersburg Corps pamusoro Pages, iye anowana ndipo menduru "In kuyeuka Eastern War" uye "Nokuti kudzivirira Sevastopol." Maererano chikumbiro kwababa vake, iye hope ane wengarava basa, mwanakomana wake, muna 1857 akava kadheti Stanyukovich Marine Corps.

Kuguma mukuru mabasa

Pakazosvika mangwanani 1860s akanga atova nechirwere rimwe chido neshoko zvisikwa. Muna 1859 akabudisa "North Flower" magazini pamwe yake bhuku rokutanga - ". Musoja A pamudyandigere" detembo Kwapera gore, pakati Konstantin uye baba atanga kurwisana, iyo akatanga pasava noushamwari muukama hwavo, izvo zvichaguma papera nguva yakakwana yokuzorora. Mwanakomana inozivisa kusarudza wake kutamira ndokuendeswa chevanorwara - University of St. Petersburg, izvo rinooneka kumushora Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin vachamanikidzwa kuenda parwendo munyika pamusoro corvette "Kalevala", iyo vashandi achaita kunzi panguva kuomerera wababa vake mumatsutso 1860.

Old mukwasvi anotarisira pamusoro simba munyanza mhepo musoro mwanakomana wake rinocheneswa zvakasiyana zvinhu, uye wengarava Stanyukovich youmambo acharamba. Asi Constantine mune kwemakore matatu circumnavigation - chete nzira yokuziva itsva uye zvakaitika yake basa kunyora. Uye vakatotanga: mu akakurumbira pakadhindwa "Maritime Collection" rinobudisa nyaya uye essays Stanyukovicha midshipman, uye munguva handingadariki panguva nesimba anonyora nemaonero ake chii zvaakaona nezvaakanzwa.

mudyandigere

Muna 1864, kubva midshipman Stanyukovich, nokuputsa kushingaira kushora yababa vake, akaendesa kubva Navy. Kutanga upenyu hutsva kwaisava nyore. Anotanga kushingaira pamwe mabhuku akasiyana-siyana - "Voice", "Petersburg shizha", "Alarm", etc. The "Sea muunganidzwa" rakabudiswa nyaya Constantine Stanyukovicha "Storm" .. Asi nokukurumidza kuva aroora Lyubovi Nikolaevne Artseulovoy, ipapo kuberekwa mwanasikana wake wokutanga, uye napamberi jaya munyori pane dambudziko akakodzera kutsigira zvinhu dzemhuri. Kuti aite izvi kanoverengeka akapinda basa mumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana.

In rokusika Rongai Stanyukovicha kutsvaka anopfuurira wokugadzira uye musoro. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa dzake Naval basa, rakabudiswa sebhuku muna 1867 rinonzi "Kubva circumnavigation", vakanga akasangana mubereko, zviri zvakawanda azadzwa chido kunyora pamusoro evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika misoro. Anonzwa chokwadi pfungwa kuti ataure mashoko masterminds kuwana kuwedzera simba echimurenga sangano, kunyanya ayo yakakura bapiro - Populism. Imwe nguva akatoita aishanda somudzidzisi ane chikoro chepuraimari mumwe musha ari County pamusoro Murom.

Mupepeti wemagazini yacho "Delo"

Zvishoma nezvishoma dingindira gungwa rinosvava kupinda necheseri. Kubva 1872 Stanyukovich anotanga vanoshingaira vanoshanda mu "Business" magazini, uye kubva 1877 ane guestroom ose akabudiswa nyaya yake uye satires. Pakati pavo, "Mutsamba anokudzwa mutorwa" uye "Images munzanga upenyu" kuti vauye mukurumbira Stanyukovich zvakaoma achitsoropodza upenyu Russian mushure kuchinja 1861. Saizvozvowo, misoro vakazvipira kuna enganonyorwa "Whirlpool" uye "Hama Vaviri", rakabudiswa mukutanga 80s.

Muna 1880 Stanyukovich vakava co-mupepeti we "Nyaya", uye makore matatu gare gare - ayo mukuru mupepeti. Iye anotova mumwe uremu uye simba pakati vatsigiri echimurenga kuchinja, uye zviremera yepamutemo uye mapurisa masimba anorondedzerwa se "Anti-hurumende unhu Mindset".

Kusungwa uye nhapwa

Mukutanga 80s munyori kakawanda kuenda kunze nokuda chirwere mwanasikana mukuru. Ikoko vanosangana neboka enyika vanotodzoka kubva Russia, kusanganisira vakawanda zvikuru bapiro, chaisanganisira People - rakananga vechikamu uye varongi ari magandanga pamusoro akakurumbira tsarist machinda - S. Kravchinskii, V. Zasulich.

Hakwaigona vaenda kwakacherechedzwa nemapurisa, kunyanya pashure chigaro kuedza March 1, 1881 Alexander II, uye muna April 1884 Stanyukovich akasungwa mukavaisa casemates wakakombwa. Zvino kudzoka munyori kubva kunze, zvikuru tisingatarisiri, uye mhuri imwe nguva havana kuziva zvake kwaunenge. Rinotanga munhu Kubvunzisisa refu, uko kwakaguma pashure chete pagore.

kuberekwa chechipiri

Muna 1885, munyori kuSiberia kwemakore matatu pasi mapurisa zvokuongorora kugara Tomsk. Pano pakanga pane aberekwa chaiye guru munyori-seascape. Anoshanda nesimba, anosika uye anoshanda kurondedzerwa Siberian upenyu, asi musoro mukuru enganonyorwa ake uye nyaya pfupi anova upenyu vengarava.

Pane ake ounyanzvi akakurumbira kubva kuunganidzwa "Sea Stories" :. "! Man mugungwa," "On ibwe", "Tiza", etc. Vaverengi uye mberi nevatsoropodzi cherechedza kuti prose Stanyukovicha zvinonakidza zvomumvura kwete chete dzorudo mweya, yakarurama uye rakavimbika rinonyanya zvikamu zviduku, asi humanistic, chido kururamisira, nzeve zvavo murume.

"Haana sokuti akanga achigara zvomugungwa"

Ndadzoka kubva kuutapwa muna 1888 Stanyukovicha anotarisira guta nechido kugamuchira anokonzerwa maungira kubudirira kwayo "nyaya gungwa". muunganidzwa wake kutaura chokwadi uye nemazvo vezvikepe, uye vanyori. First sezvinoita nyanzvi kuratidzira chakaoma gungwa upenyu, yechipiri - yakajeka uye dzinonyatsozikanwa mutauro, inoshamisa utsva kuti zano unotii. Nyaya dzakadai se "Munhu mugungwa!" "Pakati shamwari", "Rufu Hawk", et said., vaizivikanwa nokuda kwenhoroondo hwechimiro chomunhu, ndeyechokwadi yezviito kunorondedzerwa kunzwisisa ezvinhu muupenyu. Ndivo vanhu chaivo vasiri yekudyidzana novimba mavambo kana dzidzo.

Positive inofambiswa pamusoro nyaya Stanyukovicha zvaiiswa mumabhuku akasiyana enyika maonero. "Bamba", "American duel," "Chokwadi vanhu Russian" uye mamwe mabasa kunonzwisiswa ne Slavophiles, vanoyemurwa dzakaonekwa mavari kuzvikudza muna tsika unhu vengarava Russian. Mutsa, ushingi uye kusangwarira kwavo wose akanga zvakajeka National manyuko kwavari. "Jack Mwoyo", "Mune nyika kure", maererano vamwe, yaiva kukwirira mweya kuti zvakasikwa ukoshi. Common aiva nemaonero dzidzo uye kukosha kwedzidzo Stanyukovicha prose.

Legacy uye ndangariro

Mumakore okupedzisira emunyori upenyu vakazadzwa basa rakaoma, kuremekedza navo, vaverengi rudo, kurwara uye kufirwa nevadiwa. Konstantin Mihaylovich Stanyukovich, ane Biography yakaramba chokuita zvikuru Russia kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira mweya uye akafira Naples muna 1903.

Haasi achinzi shasha wokuRussia mabhuku pamwero NdiTolstoy, Dostoevsky uye Chekhov, asi haana kupinda nomugungwa mhepo Stanyukovicha prose, Russian mabhuku XIX remakore angadai yakarasikirwa zvizhinji hwayo uye siyana. Uye munguva yedu nayo muropa vakuru nevana, nyaya uye nengano guru zvomumvura painter kuti mafirimu, uye nhasi vakatumidza negungwa kuvafambisi vengarava ramangwana.