Strategic rwendo zvombo X-55: Magadzirirwo, mapikicha

Kare nguva apo chombo chikuru ndicho ndege zvaitika pfuti. Chokwadi, pane imwe revatungamiriri muhondo dzose ano murwi uye interceptor, asi kukosha kwayo chaiye iduku kwazvo. Hwaro revarwi simba ano Air Force - vatanga rwendo chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. X-55 - mumwe wokutanga uye zvikuru yokutevedzera zvombo zvakadaro, iro rakagamuchirwa Soviet Army.

Start okukura

Zvakatanga shure muna 1975. Ipapo chikwata "Raduga" akatanga kuumba idzva mhando zvombo zviduku zvenyukireya warheads, anogona yekudyidzana kuwedzera kurwa nesimba Russian Air Force. Hazvizivikanwi kuti chii kwezvikonzero, asi pakutanga dzaita akarambwa. Zvisinei, gore rakatevera iye akabvuma, uye, uyezve, kuti chirimwa vakatanga kushanda kuwedzera kukura kwakadai chombo. Nokudaro, X-55 chitundumuseremusere yakanga yakagadzirwa uye rakatangwa ne unyanzvi chikwata "Raduga". Ichokwadi vasingagoni pakarepo.

The mimwe wokutanga uye "munda" miedzo

The mimwe kutanga vakatanga kuungana Dubna, izvo zvakaitika muna 1978. Asi nokuda kwokuti zvebhizimisi akanga akatakura kusunungurwa zvombo X-22, kwakasarudzwa kuti dhipuroya kugadzirwa mu Kharkov. In makore Kharkov fekitari mangwanani iri chete zvishoma asunungurwa mikuru zvinoumba zvombo, ukuwo rakapedzwa zvigadzirwa vakaungana Dubna, asi nokukurumidza kambani kwapfuura zvachose pamusoro namahwindo kugadzirwa kutenderera.

Pakutanga 1978 (pamberi okuguma zvose bvunzo maitikiro), hurumende yeSoviet asarudza pamusoro mangwanani pakagadzwa Serial kugadzirwa zvombo izvi. Pakapera 1980, yokutanga kugadzirwa chombo KH-55 yakanga pamutemo mumaoko mutengi. Kubva pakutanga chaipo, yakanga vaifunga kuti vakanga vakatakura zvombo zvitsva simba achava "White swans" Tu-160 uye "Bears" Tu-95. miedzo X-55 rwaiitwa pasi Faustovo.

The kukundikana rokutanga

First Serial chombo X-55 nendege 23 February 1981. Chete gumi nevaviri chinonyengera rwaiitwa, uye chigadzirwa iri chete akarambazve. Uyezve, nyaya haana chero zvakagadzirwa zvaunokanganisa, uye kuramba jenareta. Asi nei tichifanira nayo pakuvaka kwakadaro yakananga zvombo, kana unogona kupa dzinovaka bhatiri mukuru chinzvimbo?

Chokwadi kuti zvenyukireya zvombo pakutanga zvakagadzirirwa kuti, kana zvakakodzera, kuti maximize kuwanda kwavo kushanda. Standard mabhatiri yose "nzira" havazokwanisi kupa simba nokuda yenhengo zvose. Uye nokuti dzinofambiswa duku kadikidiki simba remagetsi RDK-300.

Tanga kupinda muchiuto

Kokutanga vakatanga chitundumuseremusere akatora chikamu, vachishandisa Semipalatinsk. Muna 1983 chakaitirwa chiitwa wokutanga, panguva iyo chehondo kwekushanda kubva unyanzvi hunoshanda pakushandisa zvombo izvi mumamiriro ezvinhu pedyo kurwa. Muna December wegore iroro, yakanga pamutemo vakagamuchirwa nokuda modernized shanduro Tu-95, izvo rakazova chombo chikuru ndiye X-55 (rwendo chombo).

Muna 1984, nguva kuongorora yaiitwa umo zvakanzi vakawana kuti zvinogona zvakarurama yarova atambudzwe ari chinhambwe 2.5 zviuru makiromita. Muna 1986, kugadzirwa kwazvo hwakatamisirwa kuguta Kirov. Kutura ungano miti, zvimwe zvinhu chombo chinoita zvokukandwa vakatanga kubereka panguva Smolensk Aviation Plant.

Main zvinhu:

The zvayakaita siyana X-55? A rwendo chombo chakagadzirirwa pachishandiswa mutemo aerodynamic configuration. Housing simbi zvinhu nokuda welded majoini. Kutaura zvazviri, anodarika 70% of fuselage - mafuta mumota. Simba mamiriro chinomiririrwa mapuranga, izvo batanidza mano ose, midziyo, ivo zvakare anokonzera yakasimba chitundumuseremusere pokusvika bays. Saka vaifanira maximize zororo magadzirirwo, anenge zvose pezvokuvamba puranga vari hutete-nemasvingo.

Ndezvipi kukura vakanga X-55 - yakanakira hondo rwendo chombo? The dhayamita of fuselage izvozvo akaenzana hafu mita. Vose mapapiro - metres pfuurei matatu. Muviri Length - mapfumbamwe metres, inowanzotorwa pokutangira uremu - 1,7 mamita kunonyanyisa zvokutsauka kubva achida kupfura -. Zana mamita. In Zvakazoitwa shanduro ukoshi ichi wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika 20 metres, asi kuwanda chikumbira vakawira makiromita 2,000. Sezvinotarisirwa, mainjiniya uye masayendisiti, pfungwa iyi hazvirevi kukunakira.

nadzurudzo Ipfungwa

Zvisinei, paiva neimwe X-55. Strategic rwendo chombo ane indekisi kuti "SM" mumuviri zvakabuda chaiwo panhongonya mafuta matangi, aigona kubhururuka kare 3.5 zviuru. Km. Asi dzakwidzwa yakabereka chete shanduro X-555, kuti muviri rakanga zvinovaka akaisa kumakomo kuti mamwe mafuta matangi. nadzurudzo iyi yaigona rova kunangwa kure anosvika zviuru 3 makiromita.

Nesimba warhead yenyukireya - 200 CT. Pari inokosha dzakachinjwa X-55 chitundumuseremusere mubasa. Features akatsanangura nayo zvachose kufanana, asi hondo yacho "makazara" kwete warhead yenyukireya, uye musanganiswa kwakajairika TNT uye geksokena.

Aerodynamics uye powerplant

All yakabudikira zvikamu zviri akagadzirwa chaiyo zvinoumba zvinhu. Izvi hazvisi chete zvinobvira chaizvo kuderedza uremu pokutangira, asiwo kuti chitundumuseremusere zvishoma zvinoonekwa zvinogona muvengi radars. Stabilizers uye bapiro asati atanga ukapisa murwi kutwasanudza pasi zvinoitwa squibs ari chitundumuseremusere X-55 (ine mufananidzo munyaya) vachasunungurwa kubva ndege pashure.

Special panotaurwa akafanirwa kushandiswa powerplant. Turbofan injini R95-300 turbojet musimboti kushanda akatasva ari muswe muchikamu. Hwaro chinokosha pylon. By saizvozvowo kunzwisisa, izvozvo kudzura mumuviri asati atanga. Tanga wo akaita pasi zvinoitwa achidzinga ari aricheke. Injini Izvi zviduku, asi ayo mutoro reshiyo akaenzana 3,68 makirogiramu / makirogiramu. Zviri Kusiyana neizvi, ndiyo chose kufanana dzakawanda ano kurwisana ndege.

Somugumisiro, rwendo zvombo X-55, hunhu izvo zvinoita kuti kufunga izvozvo zvombo zvikuru zvakakwana, kunyange mamiriro ezvinhu, zviri kukwanisa kuva mukuru chaizvo akurumidze, nokudaro zvichiita kuvhura dzayo muhondo nzira.

Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoenderana hunhu ichi, ichi chombo achiri asingadi richabereka zviitiko zvitsva zvakawanda. Gamha zvombo izvi zvinokwanisika chete kana kushandiswa zvemberi uye yakagozha kudzivirira enyika. Akapiwa kuti kuzodzosera panguva ino - hazvishandi X-55 zvinodhura ichava nguva kumira basa nyika yedu, kuva zvachose ano zvivako uye mikuru simba.

Mhando mafuta akashandiswa

Kunakisa zviri ndiyewo oga "omnivorous." ari chitundumuseremusere injini anogona kushanda panguva kwakajairika avhiyesheni eparafini mamakisi T-1, TS-1 uye nevamwe. Asi nokuda P-95-300 tine masayendisiti veSoviet pfupi zvichibvira nguva yakatanga rinokosha zvacho T-10, izvo zviri nani kuzivikanwa detsilin. Zviri zvikuru chepfu, asi panguva imwe chete caloric kubatana. Zviri pamusoro izvi mafuta zvombo X-55 uye X-555 inogona kusvika kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza kuita uye siyana kwayo kutiza.

Asi kuti vashande pamwe ichi mhando huni kwakaoma chaizvo: detsilin Urume kwazvo, uye saka zvinoda kakawanda Mot, zvainanga kuramba chepamusorosoro kuvimbika dzimba. Uye vari vakazadzwa chete zvombo, izvo akatasva bhodhi inokosha chombo kuramba takamuka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvose, mauto kushandisa ndege mafuta, sezvo izvi waanodzikisira ngozi zvose varwi uye rehurumende vanogara.

musimboti oparesheni

nhungamiro hurongwa - inertial, zvakazara zvionera, pamwe ndege kugadzirisa zvichienderana zvechadenga mamiriro enzvimbo. Pamberi ndege avionics zvombo vakaremerwa duramazwi chati kwenzvimbo, unova inozoshandisirwa chipfuro. Munguva kutiza, kubva X-55 mhepo-raparurwa rwendo zvombo vangagara sechikwata kubva pasi kana mhepo, uye kushandisa kumira-oga zvakazara chirongwa, kutamira kubva zororo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ichiita mabasa akawanda zvechokwadi uye ngozi chaizvo zvombo.

Achifambisa uye ndege

The zano iri nyore. Chokutanga, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa anosunungurwa mumhepo nokuda wemiti, uye ipapo Anovhura huru injini yaifamba zviri kubhururuka uye navamwe nzira kwayo chipfuro. Ndege iri kuitwa panguva imwe kukwira pasina kupfuura 60-100 mamita. Kana zvakakodzera, X-55 inogona kubhururuka pagungano kukwira pamusoro metres chete 30! Panguva iyoyo payo rwoga bypasses zvipingamupinyi zvose zvinogona kungoerekana Tsaukira mugwara, ukadzivisa vanozivikanwa masumbu VIP zvigaro. The kosi anochinja ose 100-200 makiromita.

Kuti vaite izvi pakuyeuka zvombo akapinda anonzi kwokururamisa chitaridzi. Kana zvasvika imwe pfungwa, pane "verenga" pagomo pakazogara, kwakavakirwa iyo yakarongwa nzira itsva, iyo anobvumira inonyatsobudirira chiito kunzvenga muvengi mhepo kuzvidzivirira.

Saka kuwana migumisiro Ongororo munharaunda iri kuramba achiongorora pamwe mureza vakaisa pasi ndangariro, saka kuti zvarakasiya kubva zvakafanorongwa nzira hazviiti. Zvinonzi nokuda chisarudzo ichi, zvombo izvi zvinogona vafurira panguva kupfura pamwe zvakarurama zvokuti yapfuura chizvarwa zvombo mukirasi iyi yakanga rakapotsa musimbise. Pakupedzisira, mumwe womumhuri chaiye X-55 Zvakaoma chaizvo kuita kuti kwavari, somugumisiro iro vanokwanisa kunzvenga kukuvadza mhepo kudzivirira enyika ari Kakawanda kacho.

Pari, ichi chombo anogara ari pabasa, kudzivirira uchangamire wehurumende yedu. Pasinei nokuti chombo yakagadzirwa muna 70 okupedzisira remakore, akaritumidza kuti "yechinyakare" haagoni kuva Stretch. Vose mabasa nayo anoita zvakazara, uye dzakachinjwa dzakasiyana vanokwanisa kukurira kunyange itsva chombo kudzivirira nyika ivhu zvose kutorwa ari NATO uto bloc.