Thallus is ... Chimiro nemhando dze thallus

Algae uye lichens hazvina zvakawanda zvakafanana. Asi izvi zvinongotanga kuonekwa. Iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeyekuti muviri wavo unorongwa sei - iyo thallus.

Marudzi e-multicellular zvipenyu

Zvinogona kuonekwa, chii chinogona kusiyanisa zvisikwa, zvine mapeji gumi kana kupfuura? Zvisinei, zvichienderana nehutano, muviri wavo unogona kuva nechimiro chakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mumiti yakakwirira, masero akafanana mukugadzirwa nekushanda akabatanidzwa pamwechete kuti aumbe matukisi. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine zvigadziro zvayo, izvo zvinowirirana zvikuru nemabasa anoitwa. Semuenzaniso, shizha rezvirimwa rinoumbwa nechinangwa, chekuchengetedza zvinyorwa uye photosynthetic, kuitisa uye kushandiswa mishonga.

Asi mhuka yevo volvox inogadzirwawo nehuwandu hwemasero. Zvisinei, mumwe nomumwe wavo anoshandisa zvakasiyana. Aya masero haana kunyanya kuzivikanwa. Idzo dzakapoteredzwa nejoka imwe chete, ichiumba makoloni.

Chii chinonzi thallus

Thallus isarudzo iyo inewo mazhinji emasero. Izvo zvakafanana mukugadzirwa, uye imwe neimwe inoshanda semuviri wakasiyana. Talloma masero akafananirana zvakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe, naizvozvo kuratidzira kusangana kwavo kunogadzira maitiro ehupenyu hune maviri uye nhengo. Zvechokwadi, zvivako izvi ndezvomumiririri wemiti yakakwirira, iyo ine shati yekuvaka mashizha.

Aina dze thalli

Thallus, slant, thallus ose mazita emuviri wezvinomera unoumba masero mamwechete. Izvo zvakasiyana chaizvo. Nzira dzinofara dzinobatana mune imwe ndege. Zvinomiririra imwe kana kupfuura mitsara yemasero. Zvimwe zvivako zvakajairika kune cyanobacteria uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvealgae - tema, maronda uye ochrophite. Kana mumwe munhu akabatana nekusungirirana, thallus yenhema inoumbwa. Icho chinopisa uye chinowanikwa muvamiriri veahara nevhu tsvuku. Asi fungi inowanzoonekwa ndeyangu mycelial thalli. Zvinosanganisira tsvina dzakasiyana - hyphae. Zvose zvazvo zvinoumba zvibereko zvefungi. Girasi-segorosi rinosangana nemasero ega ega kana maketani ayo akaora. Iyi sarudzo inogadzira kukwanisa kwayo kubhadhara.

Kunewo imwechete-yakaiswa thalli. Saka masayendisiti anoshevedza masekodhi e-monadic kana kuti flagellate ezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvealgae uye masero ezvibonde zvemhuka. Amoeboid thalli inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasikwa. Iri boka rinosanganisira masero emamwe mapoka emagetsi anokwanisa kugadzira pseudopodia kana pseudopods.

Ndezvipi zvipenyu zvine thallus

Sezvaunogona kuona, chimiro chemashure chimiro chevamwe vamiririri vemhuka dzesango. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvose zvezvenje, lichens uye fungi.

Iyo thallus inewo miti yakakwirira yepore pazvinomera. Semuenzaniso, muferns inoratidzika sekacheka kadiki, pane zvekuti zvepabonde masero anowedzera sei munguva. Apo pavanosangana, zygote inoumbwa - mazai anogadzirwa. Kubva mairi, mashizha mashizha-uye-stem anowedzera, izvo zvizvarwa zve-asexual zvefern-semiti.

Thallus ye fungi, algae uye lichens inoratidzirwa nehutano hwavo hwehutano nekushanda. Ngatikurukurei mumwe nomumwe wavo zvakajeka.

Thallus of algae

Algae ndiyo ndiyo midzi yokutanga pasi. Iyo yakazara mumvura, haifaniri chaizvo maviri. Izvi zvinowanzoita zvipenyu zvemasimba, zvakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya pasi pano uye zvine ruzhinji rwekushandiswa. Mukuwedzera kune thallus, vashandi vane imwe shanduro yakasiyana-siyana. Idzi idzi dzinonzi rhizoids, zvishoma nezvishoma dzinozadzisa basa remidzi, asiwo haisi kugadzira mishonga. Chimiro chechimiro chakaita sechimiro chakadai ndi laminaria - thalli, kuongororwa uye tsanangudzo dzese dzinozivikanwa kune vose. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, iyi gorosi inonziwo gungwa kare uye inodyiwa nekuda kwehutano hunokosha.

Mitambo ye thallus lichens

Izvo zvipenyu zvemurefu zviya zvakasiyana-siyana zvakabatana zvefungi uye bhuru-green algae. Chimiro chetatu chechicheno chinomiririrwa nehupachiviri hwakasiyana, pakati peiyo inopararira seyanobacterial cells. Chigadzirwa chepamusoro chiri kumusoro uye pasi pekugadzirwa uku. Icho chizere chakawanda che hyphae ye fungi. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehullus lichens mashizha, maruva kana mushure. Uye rudzi urwu runogona kuonekwa nyore nyore neziso rakashama. Nokudaro, kuwanda kwemarara kunokonzera kusanganisa kunonyanya kufanana ne substrate. Kazhinji kazhinji vanowedzera pamatombo kana matombo. Leafy lichens ine lamellar body ine makumbo. Nzira yavo inowanikwa kune substrate, iyo inogona kuva matanda, matombo kana ivhu, nekubatsirwa kwegumbo pfupi. Zvinyuchi zvinowanzove zvakashambadza thalli. Vanokwanisa kukura zvose pasi, uye matavi emiti mikuru uye stony base. Kuchengetedza mazhenje zvakasiyana zvikuru: machena, machena, bhuruu uye kunyange matema.

Zvikamu zvehupenyu hwekuita

Iyo thallus inonyanya kuve muviri wezvinomera wezvipenyu izvo zvinogadzira nzira yekuberekwa kwema asexual. Mune mhando dzakawanda dze algae kune nzira yekushandurwa kwezvizvarwa. Uye iyo sporophyte inowanikwa muhupenyu hwavo. Ichi chizvarwa, chinoita kuti zviwedzere kusarudzwa nekuparadzanisa masero nekuparadzanisa zvikamu zve thallus. Zvokudya zvemhando dzakasiyana siyana zvinoenderana nemamiriro ehutano hwavo. Semuenzaniso, lichen hyphae fungi inomwa mvura nemvura yakasvibiswa kubva muvhu, uye masero e-cyanobacteria anokwanisa kupikisa photosynthesis. Algaewo mavotrophe. Asi fungi inoshandisa ivhu chete kudya, kunwisa mvura ne hyphae.

Kukosha kwe thallus

Izvo zvizivikanwe zvehutano hunoita kuti varidzi vayo vagare vasingateereri uye vaparadzi vepanyama, izvo zvinowanzova nezvinhu zvinokosha. Somuenzaniso, kelp. Thallus, kuongororwa kwaro kunozivikanwa kune vose, kune miviri inobatsira michero yemwayo, uye thalli ye lichens. Izvo zvinokonzera kudya kwemarudzi akawanda emhuka uye kunyange vanhu, nokuti ivo vapfumi mune mapuroteni uye vanocherechedza zvinhu. Pane pfungwa yokuti kunyange mana mana yekudenga, ayo Wemasimba Ose akatumira kuvanhu, haisi chinhu kunze kweimwe yemhando yezvinyengeri.

Basa guru rekugadziriswa kwezvipenyu ndezvekubereka mbeu. Zvikamu zvega zvega zvinogona kuparadzanisa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvipenyu zviduku. Nekubatsira kwetatu, chirongwa chokudya chinoitika. Itaundi yemargae uye lichens inovapa zvinhu zvakasikwa izvo zvinoumbwa panguva yeyotopynthesis. Izvo zvinokoshawo kuti vatengesi vemhepo vapiwe panyika. Hyphae yefungi inokwanisa kupinda muhutano hwakanaka pamwe nemidzi yemiti, inonzi mycorrhiza. Mienzaniso yakajeka yezvipenyu zvakadaro ipoderezovik uye podsinovik. Chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti chimiro chine mycorrhizas chinogamuchirwa kakawanda mvura kubva muvhu kupfuura miti imwe chete isina iyo.

Saka, thallus ndiyo chimiro chinoumba muviri wealgae, fungi uye lichens. Iyo inoumbwa nemasero ega ega uye haisi maitiro ehutano chaiwo. Nokudaro, muviri wezvipenyu izvi hauna kugoverwa kuva nhengo dzakasiyana. Muchizenga, rhizoids haisi kushanda semidzi, uyewo haisi miviri, uye thallus ye fungi inoumbwa nemakumbo akaparadzana-hyphae. Basa guru re thallus nderekuberekorora kubereka uye kudya kwezvipenyu.