The diffusion coefficient - apo uye zvakadini

Summer! Sun, kupisa, mhepo, munhuhwi dzichangobva vakatongoparadzwa uswa. Grass kuti kure kure, uye munhuwi Runonzwika. Ndiwo wefizikisi, chiitiko ichi anonzi diffusion. Uye pakutsvaga kupinda pakati tudonhwe zvinhu uchikurukura nomumwe. Somuenzaniso, sezvo zviri ikozvino, uswa anouya neZvapupu mhepo, uye munhuwi chekawo uswa anopararira nomumhepo kure Mowing. A yakafanana muitiro ari yemanyorero dzinoratidzwa kwakadaro kukura sezvo diffusion coefficient.

Tinogona kutaura kuti zvose zvinoitika yakatipota kunonyanya kukonzerwa kuti dzinotsanagura interpenetration. Nokuda Fani iyi, isu kunyange kurarama. Chii saka kushamisa nezvazvo? kupinda reokisijeni kana zvinovaka muviri muropa - ndiwo diffusion chaiye mumwe fuma chinopinda zvakawanda. Kwakapararira diffusion zvakasikwa zvakawanda zvikuru kupfuura isu kufunga. Fani akadaro haasi chinhu zvekumwe, asi nekusiyana, zvinowanzodavirwa anomirirwa munyika. Kunyange chokwadi kuti mhepo patinofemera kunze nomunhu asingadi -wedzera kumativi uye vakapararira muchadenga, uyewo nokuda diffusion.

Interpenetration kunogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana miviri - emura, gaseous uye rakasimba. chikonzero Its ndiye runobva inofamba iri pfuma mamorekuru. Panzira, kuti Chiitiko pamusoro diffusion riri munyaya samolecular-kinetic dzidziso imwe anotsigira zvinhu izvozvo. Zvino, achidzokera muviri aggregation: ari permeation mwero mumwe pfuma kunoenderana ayo ezvinhu aggregation uye kwakakura yakadai diffusion coefficient.

Chii ichi chisinganzwisisike pfungwa? Saka akadana quantitative cho kuchinjwa mwero samolecular zvinhu mune zvimwe. The diffusion coefficient, riri chaizvo zvakananga payakavakirwa, anobvumira ane tinyatsonzwisisa uwandu yamarudzi vakayambuka chikwata nzvimbo (mativi mita) paminiti chikwata nguva (wechipiri).

In tsika, yakawana kuti mune magasi interpenetration kunoitika zvikuru nokukurumidza, uye mwero kupinda iri shoma mune zvinhu zvakaoma. Musi diffusion coefficient kuti kuchinja tembiricha yomuviri uye wevasungwa pakati zvinhu yakawiriranwa pedyo. With kuwedzera tembiricha interpenetration mwero kunowedzera muwanze wevasungwa of pfuma - zvakare.

Saka interpenetration chinoshamisa nokuda inonzi wevasungwa gradient kana tembiricha gradient. By mhando diffusion rakakamurwa vakasununguka uye vanomanikidzwa. Kudzosera unovapo pasi pokudzora nechitarisiko mauto. Zvichienderana kwavo mhando kumanikidzwa diffusion Inonzi chafariz, magetsi, uye baro zvichikwira.

Diffusion zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa unyanzvi. Chimwe chezvinhu mifananidzo nemienzaniso - diffusion nomoto. Musimboti zvigadzirwa izvi nyore: unobva mitumbi miviri (ngazviitwe nevaviri simbi), uye ipapo pasi pavo kufurirwa uye tembiricha. Last mu nokukura isingasviki utsotso tembiricha yacho fuma.

Mugumisiro ndiko kubatana zviviri dissimilar zvinhu. Michina kwakadaro zvinowanzoshandiswa yemagetsi uye zvemagetsi maindasitiri, iri kugadzirwa makuru zvinoumba zvakaoma chimiro, uye mune experimental madiki kugadzirwa. nomoto kwakadaro kunogona kuitwa pasi nevakawanda kunosiyana ezvinhu, kusvikira Vacuum ezvinhu, zvose pakutsvaga chaizvo zvinodiwa kuti rakapera chigadzirwa.

Mumwe zvakaenzana nevakawanda, achishandisa Chiitiko kuti diffusion ndiko kushandiswa kwayo nokuda kugadzirwa semiconductor zvivako. Mumwe ruzivo kusika S.-N junctions inobva chinonakidza kuti interpenetration. Kana pachena kuti mukuru tembiricha pedyo utsotso tembiricha, mumwe sekristaro mamiriro inotengwa pamwe aida nzvimbo wevasungwa nouipi.

Kuongorora pfungwa "diffusion coefficient" akabvumira nechokwadi chaizvo kwakapararira interpenetration zvinhu zvakasikwa, uyewo embodiments siyana kushandiswa yaro unyanzvi.