The French Kujekerwa

Education (chikoro pfungwa pa 17-18 mazera) inobva pakudavira kuti mukuziva nemasikirwo, izvo rinoenderana rwechokwadi hunhu munzanga uye yevanhu, anobatsira kusarudza basa chikonzero uye nesayenzi. Zvinovheneka chinokonzera nhamo dzevanhu kwainzi mune zvechitendero, kusaziva uye obscurantism. Kusiyana hurumende feudal-absolutist, vakanga vachida yevagari kuenzana uye rusununguko enyika.

The dzidzo French vakagamuchira ayo pachena mashoko mumakore 1715-1789, uye kwete mukana kuti iyi inonzi "Chizvarwa Kuvhenekerwa» (siècle of lumières). It vakauya pamwechete vamiririri mberi pfungwa unyanzvi, masayendisiti, vazivi, magweta nevamwe.

French Kujekerwa ramakore rechi18 wakasika itsva pfungwa ukama pakati pehurumende uye munhu pamusoro pokutanga uye chikuru varipo yazvino avhenekerwa munhu, ake basa yetsika somunhu Wakabereka simba mukuru - pfungwa.

Muzana remakore rechi18 muFrance, pamwe pave Bourgeois ukama uye achisimbisa wezvokutengeserana feudalism ikava kakasaririra, unoratidzwa chete mumagakava-kuchamuka maumbirwo vanhu. Bourgeois, kusiyana kwavo vamutangira, vaidavira kuti Implementation Kuchinja nani zvinogoneka chete kuburikidza nokushandisa matanho akasimba akadai dzidzo - kuunganidza ruzivo, dzidzo, izvo zvakanaka dzokumabvazuva pfungwa uye kusunungura kubva rusaruro.

The dzidzo French chaiva chiitiko chinokosha mu Europe. To vatsigiri vake chikonzero chaiva yepamusoro basa kutenda, ivo akashora absolutism dzechechi, nokuti yorusununguko mupfungwa uye unyanzvi okugadzira zvinhu. Panguva iyi, achishingaira akaumba hana bourgeoisie.

Kutanga 30-40-ies. Rechi18, chinozunguzirwa dzadzidza kufamba aesthetic uye nharo dzouzivi vakatanga kuwana mukuru yokukurumidzira uye kukoshesa. Kubva 1757 kusvika dzose Salon kuParis akatanga kuratidza-siyana mabasa ounyanzvi kuti zvokudya yokukurukurirana kupopotedzana.

Uzivi French Kujekerwa, vachitaura kazhinji penya mabhuku chimiro, kusiyaniswa kwayo kukuru munzanga uye Anti-zvevafundisi nemunhu.

"Patriarch" dzidzo muFrance dziri kuonekwa French Kujekerwa, Voltaire uye Montesquieu, uyo nheyo dzayo kusvikira pakuguma 40s. Vaiva vatungamiriri ayo, achipa ipapo Danho chizvarwa chitsva. Montesquieu haana takatondeswa kuona ichatonga zvine mbiri yake (60-70.), Zvisinei, Voltaire mumakore iwayo vakanakidzwa kuremekedza zvikuru uye mukurumbira.

Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Holbach, Diderot, Helvetius, d'Alembert - ava zvikuru vanhu vakakwanisa kuita mukuru pfungwa - kuumba multi-bhuku "Encyclopedia", iro nokubatanidza mashandiro dzidzo vomuUmambo, kusimudzira sainzi, kushevedzera zvakasikwa. Encyclopedic, sezvo vakadana Kujekerwa, rinooneka vakatsoropodza enyika kuitira, chitendero, akwegura maonero magariro uye hunhu. Pasina zvikuru pfungwa zviyo iri dzidziso dzavo, zvisingafungidziriki asingadi liberalism kana kworuzhinji kana gutsaruzhinji remakore rechi19.

Education anoonekwa kuva muchimiro pakuva kwevanhu simba zvechokwadi kugutsikana. dzidzo French ndiyo chaiwo pakuva mukuru dzevanhu. Its chikuru chinoratidza uzivi uye dzidziso iri utopian uye illusory. Zvinovheneka Classics havana zvinokonzera, mamiriro ezvinhu uye pamigumisiro yemabasa ayo, ndokusaka vakaisa guru, asi pakupedzisira unworkable chinangwa, unachievable.

Classicism dzidzo womuenzaniso zvinoreva kwayo yokusiyana uye kusiyana anozivikanwa Zvisinei, kuti nenhungamiro yaro muenzaniso French akava nechiyero, chokuratidza zvimwe IG Petritskaya zvakafanana. The French Kujekerwa aiva mukuru kutaura zvose kuti tinoberekwa muitiro uyu sezvo kutanga pamusoro tsika nyika.