The guta mukuru munyika. The guta mukuru mu Russia

Nhoroondo yebudiriro yevanhu ikaramba iripo kwemakore anopfuura zviuru zvishanu. Kubvira kare kare vanhu vakavaka maguta paaigara chikamu vanhu chero nyika. Dzavo akakonzerwa zvakasiyana, asi guta aifanira kuita upenyu nyore vanhu uye kuvandudza kunyaradzwa hwavo.

Zvinokonzera maguta

Mumaguta akazviratidza kare munguva yedu. Nhoroondo East yekare - kuti zvakananga uchapupu, pano aiva mavambo dzomumaguta kuronga. Misha zvakadai yakabuda sezvo nzvimbo tsindirana dzokugara vemo. Saka, kufambira mberi kwevanhu mumunda kurimwa zvakakonzera wokutanga zvakakomba chakajairika - kuparadzana handicrafts kubva kurima. Kutaura zvazviri, zvaireva kutanga nokukurumidza kukura inobereka vehondo, Chokwadi, ivo zvimwe raifanira pfungwa panzvimbo imwe. Saka, misha duku zvishoma akakura, pano pakauya nyanzvi dzokugadzira kuti kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo, uye ikoko vakaramba. Zvaiva nyore chaizvo - kugadzira uye kutengesa panzvimbo imwe, uye nokukurumidza vawana misha akadaro dzomumaguta zvinhu. Paucheche yebudiriro hwavanhu kuonekwa Middle East, saka maguta ekare munyika dziri pano.

Drevnevostochnyh Danho chimvuramabwe

The chinodiwa rekare guta wokumabvazuva wechipiri kutengeserana. State of nguva vaishingaira zvokutengeserana. vatengesi vakawanda vakagara munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinokodzera chinangwa ichi - panguva mharadzano dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, gungwa kumiganhu. Ivo vakaita gurusvusvu pano vakawanda chengoro. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru kugarwa duku akava guta guru rine rokutengesa specialization. Trade pave inflow mari uye akabvumira kuronga zvakanaka nharaunda veguta, kuvandudza upenyu hwevanhu. Zviri mumaguta aya kokutanga munhoroondo paiva mapaipi, izvo mumaguta European rakatangwa rinenge pakutanga dzazvino. Maguta zvekare munyika vanopararira nzvimbo yemubhaibheri, zvizhinji zvacho zvinorondedzerwa mubhuku rino dzvene kuvaKristu. Pano unogona kuverenga pamusoro pakazvarwa maguta, kuparadzwa kwavo. Vamwe maguta yakabuda somugumisiro kuda utsinye, despotic vabati iyoyo. Somuenzaniso, zvakadai ndiyo nhoroondo guta rekare Egyptian Ahetatona. By zvarayirwa Akhenatan iri risina chinhu, wakashama, kunze kukodzera itsva peguta akasimuka kuti kuvakwa. Zvisinei, chisarudzo chakanga anotambudzika zvikuru, kwete nguva refu waFarao rufu guta yakasiyiwa uye havasisipo.

Dangwe mumadhorobha centre

The guta mukuru munyika ndiyewo kuMiddle East. Ivo inokurukurwa Jeriko, yaiva munyika tsvene yeKenani kuvaJudha. Maererano nengano, vaIsraeri vakanga zvirokwazvo kuzotora guta rino, kuti kuwana nzvimbo tsvene kwavari. Kukombwa kweguta rinotungamirirwa Joshua. Kwenguva refu vaJudha akapota masvingo eguta, muna kwakakwana kunyarara, pane vagari vakanaka kushamisika. Pakupedzisira, pakupera rechinomwe, Mhedziso runyararo yakakanganiswa nevanhu kuchema uye kuchema vaIsraeri. Madziro kugona kumira kuridzwa yakadaro uye yakadhirika. Sezvo Jeriko yakakundwa akaparadza vose vageremo, kunze mukadzi ainzi Rakabhi, uyo akabatsira vaJudha guta. The guta mukuru munyika uye ndine upenyu wechipiri, kare ava Israeli. Maererano rondedzero vakararama panguva, guta rakanga rakanaka kwazvo. Paiva yakawanda zvivako zvakasiyana maitiro uye chinangwa. Jeriko akarwisa nguva zhinji. Kunyange pashure pokuparadzwa veIsrael guta roumambo kwave zvachose zvachose, asi zvakare sezvinoita munhu Phoenix amuka madota.

yemubhaibheri nzvimbo

Jeriko - mukuru guta munyika - akamborara munhau yacho njodzi zhinji uye rakaona kwazvo vakundi zhinji. VaBhabhironi akamurwisa kaviri, uye kechipiri vose vanhu vakatapwa. Asi izvi hazvina kudimburira upenyu guta, zvishoma nezvishoma akavaka uye vakawanda, akashandura nzvimbo yaro chete zvishoma. Muzana remakore rechinomwe BC, Jericho rakaparadzwa zvakare. Panguva ino nevaPezhiya vakarikunda kungoerekana uye akaparadza zvivako guta. vagari vakanga zvakare vakabata okuvaka maturusi, kuvaka guta. Zvisinei, njodzi iyi haisi neta pachayo. Paitonga mambo weRoma Vespasian anodzora, guta mukuru munyika yaparadzwa zvakare. Asi ushe ari mambo ane mumwe - Adrian - guta zvakare rakadzorerwa. Sezvo 1284 musha raiva pano, riri rakaparadzwa XIX remakore Turkish mauto. Asi zvakazara kuti upenyu panzvimbo iyi vakakundikana. Nokukurumidza, yokugara itsva yakatangwa ikoko, izvo kuchiripo nhasi. Ake kare-musanganiswa kwevanhu uye nyika nhamo, urwo rwakatora emakore. Zvisinei, zita Jeriko akachengetedzwa ari tsika uye nhoroondo pfungwa.

Cadiz uye mushori

Kubva kare Eastern kwezuva yenhoroondo aitungamirira chinzvimbo pakuvaka guta akapfuura mumwe kondinendi. Europe vagara mumimvuri, asi nguva yasvika. The Middle Ages - nguva kubudirira mukuru European dzomumaguta kuronga. Pano vakavhura chete nenheyo kwaita mumaguta. The guta yakabuda ave nhare, zvokutengeserana uye handicrafts, vezvitendero nzvimbo. At kwezana remakore rechisere, maguta vokutanga European vakaumba yakakura rokutengesa mhete Northern France kuti Itil pamusoro Volga. Izvi dzinounzwa akawanda mumaguta Spanish Cadiz - mukuru muguta Europe. By kubvuma, masayendisiti, guta rakavakwa vokuFenikiya sechipiriso inoshandiswa pakutsigira wokutengesera, gare gare kushandiswa rechiuto mujinga pamhenderekedzo nevaRoma. MuEurope, pane zvishomanana yekare dzomumaguta zvivako. The guta mukuru mu Germany - mushori - rakavakwa weRoma Augustus uye ainzi zita wendarama nguva refu. Pashure pokukundwa muguta vaGiriki-guta nokuda vokuGermany anoshandura zita raro, iro rakachengetedzwa pamwe zvishomanana okunatsiridza kusvikira nhasi.

Tateguru maguta Russian

Ancient Russia haadi lag shure dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Kwete pasina chikonzero ari Air zvinyorwa, rainzi "Gardarika", izvo zvinoreva pamisha. Izvi inopupurira kuti basa madhorobha kukura munyika yedu. Pakazosvika XII remakore ari munharaunda Kievan Rus 'atova maguta anopfuura mazana maviri. Maererano vanochera matongo, panguva pakuguma VI remakore rakavakirirwa madhorobha kugarwa akavapo pamusoro Kiev pazvikomo. Maererano nengano, guta mukuru Russia yakavambwa nehama matatu - Scheck, Horiv uye Kiem Lake. Vachikudza ake mukoma ainzi muguta Kiev, uyo akazova pakati munda, uye pashure pokukundwa yaro Oleg akava guta guru rekare Russian mamiriro.