Nei rinokosha mamiriro Sevastopol? Nhoroondo Sevastopol. Sevastopol chinzvimbo muna USSR

Kubva Greek Sevastopol rinoreva "guta akakurumbira". nzvimbo iyi kugona mazana emakore akapfuura. Saka, kunyange mazana mashanu emakore asati yechikristu paiva muGiriki - yakakurumbira guta Hersonissos. The kusarudza nzvimbo iyi kwakakonzerwa zvinhu zvinotevera: muGungwa Dema pamhenderekedzo kuwana nyore bay.

pakuzadzisa

Mumwe negumi nemaviri asati auya edu aizivikanwa panopindwa Chersonesus muna Pontic-Bosporan ehurumende, uye ipapo yakava chikamu chikuru umambo - Roman. Pashure pokuwa rokupedzisira guta akauya pasi bapiro Byzantium. nokukurumidza Hersonissos akava Byzantine mbiru vanomirira kudzorwa dzikafunga muGungwa Dema nemhenderekedzo. Nokukurumidza nayo yakatanga wezvokutengeserana uye indasitiri. machinda Russian kutanga vanzwa Hersonissos, shure kana rainzi Korsun (IX-XIII CC.).

Nezuva regumi namana-namashanu emakore nhoroondo Sevastopol vasvika chimurenga itsva: Guta aizokundwa vokuTurkey uye vakanga varasikirwa kukosha kwayo, nokuti aingovawo vasingafariri vatongi itsva. Port maguta akanga asina administrative nzvimbo, uye nzvimbo dzavo vakatorwa nokuda misha pakati Peninsula. Saka, Bakhchisaray akagamuchira mamiriro guru khans, zvikuru kukosha vaiva AK-chechi (kubvira 1748 mu Simferopol) uye Karasubazar. Vose vaiva kure kugungwa.

zvose kuchinja

Zvadaro, muCrimea yakava chikamu Russian Empire. Muna 1783 Catherine II akarayira kuvakwa muguta nzvimbo Akhtiar musha, iri pedyo matongo Korsun (Chersonese).

Nei rinokosha mamiriro Sevastopol? Chokwadi ndechokuti kubvira pakutanga kwayo yava zvange zvose huru mujinga Black Sea Fleet. The guta yagara guru rehondo uye enyika kukosha.

Makore mana pashure paumbwe mamiriro Sevastopol pakupedzisira midzi: guta vakatanga kumiririra chiteshi chengarava wengarava ari nhengo yake pakutonga madhipatimendi zvakave Crimea. Saka, muna 1767 pakava Kuparadzana paguta munharaunda Taurian uye zvemari dzake wengarava zvengarava norudzi kukosha. Nhoroondo Sevastopol ane idzva chokwadi: akatamira munzvimbo zvakakwana pasi St. Petersburg uye akava vakaparadzana administrative dunhu. The guta iri kutongwa wengarava yaitonga. Sezvingatarisirwa, yakanga dzakabatwa kubva St. Petersburg.

Twenty-wechitatu February 1804, Mambo Alexander I chirevo kuti rinokosha mamiriro Sevastopol sezvo huru wengarava chiteshi. Muchiitiko chino, zviri nyore zvikepe mushambadzi vairambidzwa kupinda izvozvo. Anosiyiwa vakanga chete kushivirira njodzi dare. Mushure pakugadzira vaifanira pakarepo kubuda chiteshi.

Ramakumi matatu April 1809 yakapiwa mamiriro guta. Sevastopol akava uyewo mukuru nhare kweGungwa Dema. Sezvo chete nyika kumutswa Flag Viborg, Kronstadt uye Sveavorg.

ufuza kuparadzwa

Muna 1853, yatanga pakati Crimean War. Vavengi vakanga kunokurumidziswa Sevastopol - guta vengarava - pamusoro mazuva mazana matatu namakumi mana namapfumbamwe. Somugumisiro, yava dzikava matongo, uye nawo - uye yose Sea Black rengarava (zvakanzi anyudzwe kurwisa mirairo Admiral Nakhimov). Muna 1856, ivo Crimean War apera. Rugare Paris rakanga yakasainwa. Maererano gwaro, Russia rambidzwa kamwe zvakare kuronga zvikepe Sevastopol. Kusvikira 1871 aiva musika guta uye netsika yemapurisa. Mushure Kudzimwa kwechikwereti pamusoro pose chibvumirano Alexander II akadzorera mamiriro Sevastopol sezvo nechepakati wengarava chiteshi roUmambo muGungwa Dema. 1875 aizivikanwa kuvaka njanji yenzira unobatanidza Sevastopol kubva St. Petersburg uye Moscow. Muna 1891, basa rokuvaka rakapera Vladimir Church, uye gore papera rakasvika kuwanikwa Chersonesos miziyamu. Saka, nokuda 1894, guta akadzorera chinzvimbo chavo zvachose. Naval mujinga muna Sevastopol akatangazve kwayo aimbova kukosha. Mumatanda admiralty asina chinhu; kwaiva kuvaka warships mumakirasi dzakasiyana (kunyange battleships).

mutsauko

Zvinokosha kuti nguvo chaiye maoko akabvumirwa kuti Sevastopol. Its huru runoratidza yaiva pachena National kukosha. Hapana guta, dzematunhu kana remunharaunda mufananidzo vasingagoni kuzvirumbidza. Saka, akanga vanoratidzwa tsvuku nhoo (sezvo muguta guru), shure kwake - vaviri vakayambuka zvimiso zvendarama ruvara (sezvo zvose makuru maguta pachiteshi, somuenzaniso, muSt Petersburg). Sezvo chiratidzo akasarudzwa Griffin - seimba Romanov, asi kwete tsvuku pamusoro munda sirivha, asi nekusiyana, kuti inomiririra kare pane imwe Generic, utachiona kana dynastic yakatevedzana. Ichi zvinosimbisa vemauto-nhoroondo yeguta.

Saka nei rinokosha mamiriro Sevastopol, kunyange pasinei aionekwa simba mukirasi yechitatu? Pashure pezvose, iye chete haana zvakakwana kuzvidzivirira kuwedzera pamwero wako! Pasinei asina kupfuma nhare uye michina nemidziyo Russia Sevastopol (Square guta - zviuru nemapfumbamwe hectares) I vagara chinokosha chaizvo. Zvose zvinotsanangurwa nyore: ndiro chete chikuru nhare pamusoro yose mugungwa Muganhu wokumaodzanyemba wehurumende.

mirayiridzo itsva

Kubva muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, vachiwedzera vashanyi vakatanga kufarira muGungwa Dema. Sevastopol akatanga kuva sezvo yokuzororera. Akavaka hôtels dzakawanda, dzimba chebhodho. Zvinonzi kuzarura Romanovsky Institute nzira kurapwa panyama muna 1914. Nyanzvi vave achishingaira Akaongorora matambudziko ari Crimean mhepo, madhaka uye gungwa achigeza utano hwevanhu. Panguva chaivo chiteshi vainyatsoongorora fauna of uye kasvisto kweGungwa Dema. Gare gare, tsika yacho kuva rakakura tsvakurudzo centre. At chawo yakavhurwa Aquarium hove zvomumvura. Nokuti Russia, kwaiva utsva.

The echimurenga mweya

Sevastopol haana akaramba kure zviitiko Russian chimurenga wokutanga. Sezvaunoziva, pamusoro yehondo "Potemkin" muna June 1905 muchizvikudza vachisimudza dzvuku mureza, uye muna November wegore rino ngarava enzvimbo Black Sea Fleet, kumukirawo rinotungamirirwa refutenendi Schmidt. Nokukurumidza pashure kupandukira woutsinye, uye vaikurudzira ayo kutarisirwa kuuraya.

yehondo

kupinda Russia muNyika World War First kwakaitika muna 1914. Mukupera October, kuti ngarawa German "Goeben" akapfura pana Sevastopol. Muvengi kurwiswa vakanga unonyangadzwa ngarawa "Georgiy Pobedonosets" uye pamahombekombe mabhatiri. Russian Navy, chivindi kukunda zvinetso, yave kubudirira hondo pamusoro muGungwa Dema.

Somugumisiro nokungwarira kuchera of Bosphorus Strait muvengi rarasika minelayer, zana namakumi maviri injini uye chaienda schooners, uyewo gumi nerimwe transports. The yehondo-vataurwa pamusoro "Geben" Varidza vachitidzidzisa zvimbambaira namatatu December 1914.

In yose, panguva kuonga World First kuti kuedza Black Sea Fleet rakaparadzwa ngarava Turkish dzimwe ngarava makumi mashanu namazana matatu. Muna 1915, yakanga vaisanganisa kubudikidza battleships mbiri, squadrons mashanu vaparadzi, zvitanhatu Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye vaviri mumhepo seaplanes mundege.

A rakakura muchinangwa kubudirira Russian rengarava basa kuna Admiral Kolchak. Akatora nokurayira zvikepe muna 1916. Admiral akaronga zano kukomba Bosphorus uye Istanbul nokurwisa, asi pfungwa dzake hadzina kubereka yaifamba 1917.

Sevastopol chinzvimbo muna USSR

The vakasara White Army akabviswa guta November 1920. Command muitiro akatora General Wrangel. Pamwechete mauto akasiya Sevastopol uye Black Sea Fleet ngarava okupedzisira. Kubvira panguva ino anotanga nhoroondo Soviet kweguta. Panguva iyoyowo chakamuka Red Fleet. Zvakare zvakava operative Sevastopol Marine Plant. Akaita maodha kugadzira uye kuvaka ngarava. Gadzira ngarava zvakawanda ano, yakawedzera kudzivirira guta kubva kumahombekombe, akavaka airfields uye pamahombekombe mabhatiri.

Sevastopol chinzvimbo muna USSR akapora. The guta zvakare akava chinokosha wengarava muzinda, zviri kushingaira kuvakwazve mushure Kuparara muhondo. Muna 1926, ivo Akanaka Arts Museum uye Drama Theater yakavhurwa. Pedyo neguta akaumba waini kumapurazi. Panguva iyoyo, guta yaigarwa anenge zana zviuru vanhu (kana iwe vanosanganisira vafambisi).

Zvakare, hondo ...

Nechekare zvakanaka isingachinji upenyu guta rugare rakanga kwedzimwe pakutanga Great Patriotic War. Twenty-wechipiri June 1941 vagari Sevastopol akaona zvina muvengi ndege achibhururuka inotambudza denga. Zvakatanga mangwanani 3.15 nemashanu miniti zvikamu. ndege nechimwe chaiva nemaviri pasi rinobva zvimbambaira kumisa kubuda kubva muguta chengarava. Black mauto Sea Fleet akapindura atirari moto muvengi. Paawa apfuura vanhu commissar of Navy Black Sea Fleet Kuznetsov akarayira kuzivisa operative unoda nhamba imwe. Somugumisiro zvaakaratidzwa kuronga muvengi kuti zvakazara mined kubva apo pakapinda nyika uye kuparadzwa makavhara dzose kwakanga kuvhiringidzika. vatatu mumigodhi sere chete kwakadonha dzakawira Fairway.

Murayiro German akasarudza kurwisa Sevastopol zvakare. City mepu kunoratidza kuti izvi zvinogona kuitwa kunyange kubva kumahombekombe. Mauto yechiFascist vakabudirira anoputsa kuCrimea muna September makumi mana nerimwe. October 29 Guta rakanga rakakombwa, uye zuva rakatevera mauto eGermany vakaedza akaritora. Kuonana muvengi mashanu chechina bhatiri of Black Sea Fleet. Iye akarova regumi motorized mbiru akarayira General of Manstein. Inenge panguva akabatana Marine Corps mauto kukurumidza kuumbwa vengarava kubva ngarava uye Cadets of Naval Academy. It akatanga umhare zvechokwadi kudzivirira guta. It kwakatora mazana maviri namakumi mashanu mazuva. Mauto eSoviet akapikisa kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu muvengi, uye havana conceded nyika yavo.

Pashure Kukundikana uku German High Command akatanga zvakawanda vatatu vakaedza kutora guta nokuda November 11, uye December 17 mana okutanga uye-mana rechipiri June 7th gore.

Shasenem - dzakaitika French - yave dzaona kuti mumakore mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu ari 250-zuva kukombwa Sevastopol pamusoro vokuGermany vakanga akadonha zvakawanda mabhomba sezvo England kuGermany kwemakore maviri utsinye.

Pashure pokukundwa ari Crimean mberi vaNazi vakakwanisa kucheka zvose waterways ose Caucasus uye Sevastopol. Saka, guta rakakombwa yakasiyiwa pasina chikafu. Hondo nokuti Sevastopol vaiva pamberi waJuly, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo - kuti nemiviri, kunyange pamberi mauto eSoviet haana kuguma zvombo. About makumi manomwe nezviuru navatariri, masoja uye vafambisi vengarava vakabatwa nekuti havana kutama.

Sevastopol kudzivirira aiva chisingarambiki enyika neechiuto kukosha panguva Great Patriotic War. Chii chakaitwa kuti umhare varwi? Vakavhara vazhinji mauto Romanian uye German, kumira urongwa yechiFascist murayiro. The wakashata "tsime tsamwisa" pakati vokuGermany hwakavhiringidzwa, kusanganisira nemhaka ushingise Sevastopol. Ravo kugara simbi kwakatungamirira kuti vokuGermany vakatambura chaizvo munhu uye zvinhu Nokurasikirwa (mwedzi misere Kukomba rokutanga chakaparadzwa zvina muvengi matangi, pfumbamwe ndege, vakawanda muhondo kwepfuti, varwi zviuru mazana matatu vakuvara kana kuurayiwa). Uyezve, vavengi akakundwa nemwero uye nguva.

Muna April, mana akatanga gadziriro kusunungurwa Sevastopol. April namashanu akura chikamu 4th Ukrainian Front akakwanisa kusvika kuzvidzivirira akarongwa guta. Sapun Mountain, iro rakava nzvimbo kiyi nzvimbo Germany kudzivirira akabatwa May varwi wechinomwe Seaside nemauto 51th. Repfumbamwe May 1944 akazosunungurwa guta. Pana Cape Chersonese, masoja Soviet vakatora vakasara Nazi mauto.

Sezvo May 1965 Sevastopol - Hero City. Nhau dzakaitika dzakaratidza kuti hazvisi kuti hapana mamiriro chikuru nhare munyika chinhu.

kupora

The hondo yakapera, asi hazvina miedzo vose vakayambuka yevagari veguta. Sevastopol aifanira kudzorerwa. Izvi zvaida zviuru vashandi. Panguva Kurwa chakaparadzwa Sevastopol anenge zvachose. Photos guta panguva iyoyo kumutsa kuvenga: yakanaka kwazvo nzvimbo pasi matongo. Vanamazvikokota zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakakanganiswa nevaNazi, aiva maviri rubles bhiriyoni nehafu! Guta zvachose kukurukurirana, zvekufambisa, kukurukurirana hurongwa. Uyezve, makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana furati mabhuroko vakaparadzwa. Zvaindirwadza kutarira Sevastopol. Photos of guta achagara kujeka nokusingaperi shongwe kuhondo utsinye.

Pashure kukunda muvengi vakatanga hapana padariro zvishoma akaoma yavaipora. Guta panguva iyoyo akapona zvitatu chete zviuru zvavo. Above zvakanga zvakurukurwa sei rinokosha mamiriro Sevastopol. Akapa mashoko aya, zvinova kusarudza zvakajeka hurumende yeSoviet kuvakazve guta rokutanga.

Mukupera vamakumi mashanu, akatanga basa iri paumbwe yenyukireya-chombo Navy. zviitiko New ari zvoupenyu zvinoita zvokukandwa kwakaedzwa muGungwa Dema. Kubvira ipapo, Black Sea Fleet uye kuroorana zviri United Armed Forces of USSR kuti abudirire kunangana chero kurwisa, uye kwete chete kubva Turkish kumhenderekedzo, asiwo kuMiddle East, uye Gungwa reMediterranean.

Nei rinokosha mamiriro Sevastopol? Pashure pehondo, guta rave rava kupfuura maindasitiri centre. Saka, zviri kushingaira kutanga hove uye hove-kugadzira indasitiri. Pahwaro huchashandiswa rokuita "Monsoon" Muti kunobereka siyana maredhiyo uye wekushandisa namano. Marine vanachiremba of chirimwa yakavakwa uye akagadzira ngarava zvavo uye zvechiuto.

Vhuṱanzi

Twin Cities Sevastopol - Kronstadt, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, Moscow, Kerch, Istanbul uye Minsk. Pamazita Izvi yoku- nguva nenguva. June rinopembererwa gore negore regumi namana zuva muguta. Sevastopol uzere mumhanzi, inoshandiswa siyana mitambo, kuratidzira uye Concerts. Mhemberero inoitwa kwevhiki mbiri.

The Guta vakatsaurira zvaakasika akakurumbira muimbi Alexander Marshall. "Guta Great Russian pamusoro Sevastopol" - rwiyo chinhu ndibatsireiwo rwenyika. It kazhinji kunzwiwa Guta Day mhemberero.

Sevastopol - guta rakavharwa kubva 1939 kusvika 1959-fung gore. Kwamakore makumi maviri, pamukova kubva Yalta uye Simferopol vaiva chinokosha commandant kuti nzvimbo basa.

Muna August 1991, muCrimea uye Sevastopol (vezvikepe guta) vakatamira richangobva kuziviswa yakazvimirira zvokuvhoterwa - Ukraine. The Russian rengarava akakwanisa kugara muguta chete Naval chawo risi.

Muna March 2014 yakazvimirira Republic of Crimea akaziviswa chaizvo kwemaonerwo kuti nomusungo Sevastopol. Izvi zvakaitwa nemhaka yenyika referendamu akabata yapfuura zuva. Pashure chikumbiro kuna Russian Federation pamusoro accession of Zimbabwe Crimea Crimean dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende Interstate chibvumirano akanzi kupinda Russian Federation. zuva March maviri okutanga, gwaro racho chagamuchirwa nenyika Mutungamiri Russian Federation.

Sezvaunogona kuona, kunyange nhoroondo yezviri Sevastopol kuongorora nhoroondo kukosha muguta.