The multilevel mamiriro evanhu

Wemagariro evanhu mumagakava sayenzi Hurongwa chatinokoshesa. Izvi imhaka zvikurukuru chokwadi kuti iye ari kudzidza evanhu ukama, nokushanda kwenhengo mitemo uye zvigadziriswe pakati evanhu munharaunda. Uyezve, anoita somunhu nzira uye dzidziso dzakawanda nevanhu. A siyana pezvakaitwa uye mananara kuitika muupenyu paruzhinji, kwakaita kuti vaifanira kufunga munzanga chaichoicho sechinhu multilevel hurongwa. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti evanhu pakati sechivako multi-danho.

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti maumbirwo Sociological ruzivo - arayira iyi zivo nzanga maitiro simba kuti zvinosanganisira interconnected zvinomiririra, maonero pamusoro pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi. Saka ndiwo chinhu wemagariro evanhu uye mamiriro chaizvo zvakanyatsobatana. Nyaya wemagariro evanhu anoshanda nzanga chete hurongwa pamwe zvivako uye kubatana zviri chivako dzokusimukira ukama.

Pari zvino pane zvakasiyana kuswedera, hunoita kuti chaunoti uwandu siyana nezvemagariro evanhu. Somuenzaniso, muna nyore kusvika nesayenzi rakamuka-kamuka dzinokosha uye akashandisa. Maererano neimwe pfungwa, evanhu mamiriro kunorondedzerwa nomwe nhanho. Idzi dzinosanganisira: Dzidziso uye nheyo methodological, kushandiswa ruzivo, uye kushandisa rukoko chokuita sotsioinzheneriey, Sociological tsvakurudzo nzira zvainanga kuwana Sociological ruzivo uye ruzivo pamusoro sangano specialized mabasa.

Zvisinei,-weDanho matatu chivako wemagariro evanhu munyika ino munguva iri kukosha. Inopa zvakadai zvese, sezvo yokungotaura, inokosha, empirical.

The yokungotaura pamwero zvinosanganisira evanhu, nechinangwa ane chinangwa yesayenzi kudzidza nyaya yake kuti vawane yokungotaura ruzivo nezvazvo. At ichi pamwero pane causal tsanangudzo zvinhu maererano nemitemo munzanga, uyewo kufungidzira mashoko inobvira Zvaizobuda chiitiko. The zvichiguma zivo inogona kumisa richibatanidza wacho magariro subsystems. Structure evanhu ichi sandara ane zvinotevera zvinoriumba:

• mukuru uye kushandiswa gadziriro mitemo, vachiratidza nezvekumwe, akatsiga ukama zvayo masangano.
• System zvimwe axioms uye postulates pamusoro evanhu zvinhu munzanga.
• The pfungwa uchapupu uye kuMudzidzisi ndezvipi, izvo zvinoshandiswa kupembedza Zvaifungidzirwa uye kuitika.
• Kururamiswa pamusoro kusvika pakati yacho uye chinhu nesayenzi.
• Negadziriro nzira uye ruzivo maitirwo hwaishandiswa kunovimbisa kukwana tsananguro uye Kufembera mumagariro mananara.

The zvenguva pamwero nesayenzi evanhu chinokosha rinotsanangura ayo ushande. Zvinonzi inobva categorical midziyo uye nhungamiro kuti usarudze kutungamirirwa coherent sayenzi Zvisinei, kuwana mifananidzo nzira yokuwana zivo, inokosha dzidziso. Ndicho kuchinja kubva yokungotaura nezvigadziko kuti empirical zveBhaibheri, ukuwo, kubatana kwetunhu nhanho mbiri ruzivo. Somuenzaniso, kana wekutanga sandara, munhu ndiye raora munzanga ukama, chaiye dzidziso pfungwa iyi zvakawanda uye kutaurwa. Saizvozvowo, munhu anotanga kuonekwa senzira munzanga mabasa, izvo kusarudza nzvimbo yayo ezvinhu evanhu ukama.

Mamiriro evanhu panguva yechitatu pamwero anobvumira kuti asimbise ukama pakati vakawanda nemataundi variables. Under variables kunonzwisiswa Fani, pezvakaitwa iyo inogona achimiririrwa shanduka ukoshi. Empirical evanhu anotsvaka kuita tsvakurudzo vachishandisa nzira, unyanzvi uye chinokosha nzira. Uchibatsirwa kwayo zvinokwanisika kupa tsanangudzo chokwadi vakaungana zvizere.