Hoofed mhuka Elk (zita Latin Alces alces) chikuru kwemarudzi Oleneva mhuri. Elk avhareji kukura rinosvika makubhiti maviri nehafu, uye uremu - makirogiramu makumi mashanu namazana. Dzimwe nguva varume awane zvinopfuura 650 makirogiramu. mhuka iyi ane Sub-rudzi: Canadian, European, Asian. kusawirirana kwavo haakoshi, kunze kuti Far Eastern Elk akawanda maduku pane vazvo. Zvichida, vazhinji mhuka iyi nehanya mubvunzo: "chii kudya Stony? Kunyanya munguva yechando mumasango? "Pashure zvose, mune hasha Siberian yechando zvakaoma kuwana mafuro. Ngatiedzei kupindura mubvunzo uyu.
The nharaunda nokuparadzirwa
MuRussia, ivo Stony zvinowanikwa dzinongoitika nzvimbo achinaya mvura, taiga, zvakavhenganiswa uye masango Deciduous. Vanogona kuonekwa kunyange murenje uye Semi-mugwenga, asi munharaunda Elk, Chokwadi, enda chete kwekanguva kutiza kubva dzechando zvikurukuru hasha. Stony vanowanzoda vanosarudza wetlands masango, rwizi nemipata, hova akasvibirira uye nemakoronga. Kubva Nzvimbo uye dzinogarisana zviri chii anodya Elk. Somuenzaniso, musango, mhuka idzi wakachengeta enzizi, apo vakadya the willow bazi, asi havazvidzi, uye hwemvura uswa. Muna achinaya mvura zvokudya zvavo vave chikwindi pamwe lichen, nemiriwo uye howa. Mune steppes kwavo zvokudya ine rekushongedzesa. Most kufanana Prongs coniferous, Deciduous uye masango yakavhenganiswa. Ikoko Stony vanowana zvokudya zvakanakisisa muchimiro vaduku matavi uye mashizha. By zvikurukuru pakuti kudya uye kugara zvakanaka vechiduku. Kana mhuru akaberekwa muzhizha uye akapedza mwedzi hwake rokutanga mumasango, ipapo pamberi chando ari kuwana uremu vanopfuura mumwe quintal.
Chii anodya Elk musango?
Kana totaura mudondo, riri Elk vari muzhizha mambakwedza mararamiro. Chokwadi kuti mhuka idzi huru vari ndaitya rufu tuduku tupukanana - midges. ivo vanoponeswa kubva bloodsuckers ari anezvimiti kana madhamu: zuva vari kusvika muhuro mumadhaka kana mvura, makungwa nenzizi, uye chete buda usiku kundofudza. Kuti kuhwanda midges Varidza mhuka vachitsvaka kupishinura zvakanaka, vanokwira vachipinda vaduku matavi spruce kana gobvu makwenzi. Kutiza midges, Elk musango kubva mumiti nokuda makiromita akawanda. Stony dzinoshambira kukuru - kukurira vaviri-kiromita mvura chipingamupinyi kwavari harisi dambudziko. Kana pedyo norwizi kana nyanza, Elk vanopedza ipapo inopisa maawa, kusunga kumahombekombe zvirimwa. Power Elk zvinosanganisira algae. In Elk ichi vanogona kuchengeta mweya yavo imwe kana mbiri maminitsi kuwana nzvimbo yakakodzera zvokudya. Panzira, kudhakwa, Elk kuti akwire pamabvi ake. Makumbo yakarebesa kumberi uye mutsipa pfupi kwavatadzisa naye kusvika mvura.
Salt nzara
Zvichida, mashizha, nemipaini tsono, nemakwati uye manyoro hatinyatsonzwisisi zvidikanwi guru mhuka idzi zvinetsoka hoofed mu muviri. Sezvo chiri mhuka, chinofanira pacharo kutsvaka kwaibva munyu. Pasina izvozvo, mhuka iri kurwara. Muzhizha, Stony kubva musango uye kutsvaka munyu inonanzva. Ikoko, ivo vachinanzva pasi, rokunyorovesa muviri pamwe chicherwa ichi. In yechando, kuwana guru mugwagwa kutsvaka munyu Prongs, achiziva kubva zvakaitika kuti mufananidzo anofanira chingapedza utano paguva rakarongwa. Kudzivirira tsaona dzemotokari, foresters, achiziva kuti kudya Elk, hwakakanyiwa kupinda inosimbisa crystals kana kuruboshwe pakati mumiti compressed cubes.
Mushroom kudya
Kunze munyu, chinonyanya cervids kushaiwa howa. Naizvozvo, pashure noushamwari mvura, kana pakatanga Mumatsutso Elk kuenda kunotsvaka izvi dondo zvigadzirwa. Kunyanya kufanana Prongs chipanji howa - Mokhovikov, boletus, chena. Vanhu vakuru vanoyeuka nzvimbo uye ashanyirwa vapfumi ipapo kubvira nguva nenguva kuti zvirimwa itsva. Risingadaviriki asi zvechokwadi: Stony kudya amanita! Uye kutekenyedzwa hakusi kuti chaizvo chokwadi, uye chokwadi kuti fungal zvinokachidza haagoni kuita mhuka idzi. A Stony kuzochera mavhitaminzi kubva zvibereko. Ivo kundofudza mapazi cranberries, blueberries, mahabhurosi uye blackberries. Achiziva kuti aifanira Stock pamwe mafuta pamberi kutanga kuchitonhora, Stony kufudza kwazvo zvezhizha. Panguva anodziya mukuru munhu anodya-matatu namashanu makirogiramu pamusoro inosimbisa, nepo mune yechando - chete 12-15.
pamwaka zvinogadzirwa
Summer nokuti herbivores - vakaropafadzwa chaizvo nguva. Kunyange achinaya mvura unogona kuwana siyana lichens uye mosses, manyoro zvinokambaira chirimwa (zvipfupi Birch uye the willow). Muna taiga zvokudya kunyange zvakawanda. Clearings uye chipiriso munzvimbo Prongs kuwana nyore mashava uye Cyprus, matunhu uswa uye vaduku matavi, mahabhurosi uye blackberries. In progrevshihsya reservoirs vanokura mvura maruva uye Potbelly, uye pamahombekombe - Marigold, varindi, horsetails. Asi kubva September une mashizha anotanga kutendeuka yeyero idonhe. Kuchinja kudya uye Elk. Prongs kutama Tumapazi nemiti yakabva kune dzimwe, mashizha akawa, uye November zvinosanganisira mu Muterere dzavo uye kuhukura. Chii anodya Elk chando? Nokufamba kwenguva ino yakaoma, inosimbisa herbivores muri kazhinji matavi uye kuhukura. Pano, kuwedzera kukuru Stony anova ruponeso rwake. The mhuka inogona kusvika matavi, kuti izvo zvisingagoni kusvika nondo. Asi Elk haasiyi tariro kukwira kumafuro.
Kuti kudya Elk muchando?
Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu kunoenderana dzinogarisana mhuka. Where chando pabutiro yakaderera (kusvika hafu) uye nyaya kakawanda chando thaws, Stony kurarama ndakagara. Kubva mhepo uye kuchitonhora, vanotsvaka pokurara rizere coniferous masango. Handiti, hapana chete yakavadzivirira asiwo uwandu zvokudya zvakakwana. Favorite chando chidyo Elk musango Asia ndiro nemipaini uye spruce, uye muCanada uye Alaska - omusipiresi. Muchikamu European chikamu Russia, dzekuma Scandinavia, uyewo Belarus, Poland uye Ukrainian Polesie Stony, kunze coniferous paw, vachidya Tumapazi the willow, gomo dota, Aspen, Birch. Kubva pamakwenzi vanosarudza mahabhurosi, blackberries sezvo chando pasi chando mapopoma. Kana nyungudika kunotanga, Stony kutsenga ari kuhukura. In nzara yechando Elk pasina zvivako vanoshanyira rabha uye girini chevana.
kumanikidzwa nomad
Munzvimbo idzodzo umo chando udzamu rinosvika inopfuura hafu meter, kuti Stony kuti tama kuna inodziya nzvimbo, saka kuti nyaya glaciation mapazi kukwanisa foshoro mafuro. Kungomberereka mhuka dzinotanga refu asati kutanga yechando muna October. Herd akavaka zvakasimba maererano akanyatsorongwa. Mberi vanotevera avo vakadzi vane muduku. Saka, vechiduku anopiwa nemafuro asi zvinongoramba. Short Story vanhurume nehadzi pasina vana vayo. Pazuva zvemombe anomhanya anenge gumi makiromita. Spring perekochovki munguva snowmelt ari nekwekupedzesera: wokutanga vari varume vakuru, ekupedzisira - vakadzi vane mhuru. The zvokudya panguva ino - ndizvo anodya Elk mumasango kupengereka. Prongs Chicherai chando miti yakasvibira nhungirwa kubva cranberries uye blueberries, kutsenga kuti nemakwati kana kudya makumbo mupaini.
Chii stoyby?
Kusvika panzvimbo chando Stony vatanga kugadzirisa. Kusiyana zhizha zvigare Elk chando chete panguva kwaedza maawa. Kuti asvike dzakakwirira mapazi, uye rugare kuwana unodya Elk mumasango rose rezvipfuwo pamwe compacts chando pamusoro remangwana kunzvimbo dzichifura. Izvi mafuro yechando foresters vanodana "stoybami". Vanogona nokufurira mashomanana gumi mhuka pakarepo. Asi munzvimbo lozhek (nousiku) Stony sunungura chando. Apo nguva kuwana zvakaoma chando, Prongs akavigwa snowdrifts, muna fluffy negumbeze, kubva izvo protrude chete hwamanda uye rikaoma. Herd anosarudza usiku leeward neyemitenusirwa, hova, nemipata. Kutsigira Elk munguva yakaoma, foresters siya zvakadzama mudenhere rayo chidyiro pamwe uswa, hwakakanyiwa munyu.
Spring vaitamira
Kana zuva kunowedzera zvinokosha, Stony vari kutanga kudzokera kwavo zhizha kudyisa chikonzero. Inotungamirwa ruzivo hadzi boka inovakwa kupinda hurongwa hutsva. Panguva ino, musara varume wokutanga, uye akura vaduku - akatevera. The Stony anodya muchirimo? miti avo, zvinova mutema wekutanga. Young tsono - tsime vhitamini C. A kufarira chitubu vaenzi Elk vari catkins ose Birch uye alder, the willow mabukira. Stony kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma, vakamirira mumugwagwa vachitevera kutumbuka namabukira uye tsotsonya uswa. Hadzina vakasindimara walkers, asi haana kuita yokungoita bara. Kana vari kurwiswa, ivo kana vanosarudza kudzivirira, kana kuenda kubva zvakanakisisa-kutengesa anomudzingirira swinging trot. Tinogona kutaura kuti Stony zvimwe husingakwanisi nechando pane nokupisa. Gobvu bhachi zvakaipa kunovimbisa thermoregulation muviri. May - zvikuru yakaorera nguva yokuti Elk. Ipapo Anotumbuka the willow-miriwo (Epilobium), mapazi the willow akadurura muto uye zvibereko mashizha matsva, pane zvakarungwa, uye vhitamini-mupfumi leek. Elk chido ane chido kwete Amanita, asiwo muchetura zvirimwa. Akadya buttercups, ruva mumupata, celastraceae, gunguo meso uye wolfish kuhukura. Nokuti hutano mhuka zvaida tannins zviri cortex (kunyanya Rowan, Aspen uye the willow), uye turpentine, izvo mhuka zvinowanwa kubva tsono omujunipa uye mupaini.