Tiflopedagog - ichi chinokosha basa

vana vedu - vedu goridhe, yatinokoshesa uye kuedza kudzivirira ose nzira. utano hwavo vabereki rudo nguva dzose kutanga kuuya. Zvinosuruvarisa vana dzimwe nguva vaine vamwe vakaremara kana kuwana navo pane muduku. Kazhinji panguva imwe chete pane kutyora maonero, uye ipapo kuenda zvakasiyana nezvokurara, izvo zvinosanganisira tiflopedagog. Iri basa, zvichida zvishoma-yaizivikanwa, uye saka edza kunzwisisa izvozvo.

zvakajeka ikakuruma

Tiflopedagog - uyu ndiye munhu, sezvo aitungamirira nyanzvi, anoona uye anotungamirira correctional uye pedagogical basa pamwe nemaziso vasingadzoreki vana, kusanganisira vaya vari kunyimwa aberekwa.

Its mabasa nyanzvi kungaita mune dzimwe nzvimbo:

• kudzidza kuongorora yavadzidzi;
• remedial inokosha nemakirasi vana kuenda kukireshi zera;
• chinoshingaira muupenyu kuchikoro;
• kuwedzera vana pachavo, nyanzvi inoshanda nevabereki vavo.

Mazvikokota akakwanisa zvinobudirira kuita mabasa avo, zvinofanira vanoziva zvidikanwi zvavo varwere vose. Uyezve, tiflopedagog - ndiwo munhu avepo munguva chikoro nevana vavo. izvi zvose anogona kudzidza rinokosha kuongorora, iyo inoitwa pachishandiswa dzinokosha Mazano uye dzokubvisa kushanda vadzidzi vane kutarisana zvokurwara pakawanda.

Inobva ongororo zvabuda, zvinokwanisika kuti kunzwisisa nzira mhando rakakodzera maererano mudzidzi akaratidza mano ake. Uyezve, nokuti mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe akatanga purogiramu inokosha, vanoomerera nyanzvi mukufamba basa.

basa mamiriro

Zvakaoma kuona kukosha nyanzvi dzakadai tiflopedagog. Ichi chinhu chinokosha basa, sezvo kusvika 90% vose mashoko munhu anoona pacharo kuburikidza kuona. Healthy uye takarinda pameso - ichi ndechimwe zvinokosha munhu zvizere kuvapo munzanga uye kukwanisa kurarama mu dzesango mamiriro. Zvisinei, zvinosuruvarisa kuti pane mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, somugumisiro izvo zvinoita kurasikirwa chiratidzo kana kuva bofu kubva pakuberekwa. Muchiitiko chino, tinofanira kudzikamisa kushayiwa mune dzimwe nzira.

Kazhinji, vanhu vakafirwa kuona zvishoma zvakasiyana ndinoona nyika yakatipoteredza. Kunowanzosanganisira hunoyemurika kunzwa uye vawana chaiyo aikanganiswa pamusoro minwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna Pakadaro, chete rubatsiro kubva kunze, kunyanya kuna vana.

mabasa nyanzvi

The chikuru zvakafanira nyanzvi dzakadai tiflopedagog rinodzidzisa nemaziso vakadhakwa kana zvachose vana bofu kugamuchira uye dzinoona mashoko ose pamusoro nyika. Nokuti ichi vari makirasi ari kuverenga, uko mabhuku chaiwo Braille anoshandiswa.

Zvinokoshawo kuti varoverere mazviri unyanzvi kuti kuzvidzora kutarisirwa. Asi zviri zvikuru kudzidzisa vana vakaremara zvakafanana dzokumabvazuva muchadenga. Uyewo, mudzidzisi basa harisi chete nokudzidziswa chaiyo, asi nzira tsika, aesthetic uye mumuviri dzidzo.

Vana Most vanoona havaratidzi kana zvachose chiono, Hatidi kugara chero zvabuda kubudirira uye uchida kuenda mberi kwayo kukura. Chero nemaziso vasingadzoreki anoda dzidzo yepamusorosoro, kudzidza zvinonakidza vega basa iro anoda kushanda munguva yemberi. Saka vakawanda vasarudze chero mifananidzo kana sayenzi dzakagadzirirwa. In ichi nhema kukosha vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa zvose vana unyanzvi hunodiwa kuitira kuti vashande mune ramangwana riri siyana mabhora okuwana.

nyaya

Pari, pane sayenzi rinonzi "unyanzvi kuti kurovedza muviri," izvo anobva Fusion mashoko maviri: rechiGiriki τυφλός (bofu) uye "pedagogy" - uye chikamu Defectology. Zvisinei, yakanga ichangotanga, uye muvambi nesayenzi uyu mudzidzisi kubva France V. Haüy (1745-1822), uyo akabata maonero Diderot.

Kumba uye Russia Haüy akavamba sangano rokudzidzisa rokutanga apo bofu mwana anogona kuwana dzidzo yakanaka. Pamusana kwaari, yakaumbwa nevanhu enderana kurovedza mapofu kana nemaziso vasingadzoreki. Uyezve, kubva panguva iyoyo vanhu "Categories" vaibatwa zvikuru humanely, sezvinongoita munhu dzakazara, uyo aivawo vanoda dzidzo uye yebasa.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza mumwe munhu - L. Braille (1809-1852), uyo ari munyori wegadziriro, kuchinja tsika nedzidziso yaishandiswa bofu vanhu. Kwakavakirwa mubatanidzwa shestitochiya uye Anofukidza kwete chete tsamba, akarongeka, asiwo vamwe vatambi. Somugumisiro, mapofu anogona takasununguka kuverenga uye kunyora. ReBraille pachake mapofu makore matatu. Pakutanga akanga ari mudzidzi ari Paris National Institute vanhu vakafirwa kuona uye ipapo kwayakaita raiva basa tiflopedagoga.

In France, bhuku rokutanga Braille yakabudiswa muna 1852, uye muna Russia rave richiwanika imwe nguva gare gare - muna 1885. The chikoro Russian mapofu akatanga kuonekwa kubvira 1807, uye vanoverengeka zvikoro izvi akazarurwa muzana XIX remakore. Dzidzo mumazuva iwayo Takauyira mari yakawanda - vanenge 300 rubles pagore.

Ndinogona kuva tiflopedagogom

Kana munhu aifarira basa, zvinokwanisika kuti mukudzidzire chesekondari chero pedagogical panguva rorusununguko Defectology. Zvisinei, mumwe chido hakuna kukwana, unofanira kukwanisa kushanda bofu nevana. Zvinokoshawo kuti kunzwisisa sei nemaziso vasingadzoreki ndinoona nyika uye sei kuvaka psyche ake.

Uyezve, unofanira kuva vazhinji unhu hunodiwa. Mumwe vanofanira nguva dzose kuva nomutsa kuvana, akavada, kuti vave nehany'a. Asi chikuru chinhu - ndiko kuva nechido kubatsira vasina simba.