Tundra - dzinongoitika nzvimbo. tsananguro pfupi

Tundra - apo zviri? Havasi vose vanokwanisa kupindura mubvunzo zvinoita nyore uyu. Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri. Tundra - munhu wechisikigo nzvimbo (more zvakananga, rudzi zvikamu), riri kuchamhembe mudondo rezvinomera. Ivhu pane permafrost, harizadzi rwizi uye gungwa nemvura. Snow pabutiro Kashoma kwazvo masendimita 50, uye dzimwe nguva hazvirevi kufukidza pasi. Permafrost uye kugara mhepo yakasimba inokanganisa chokubereka (manyowa, kwete nguva "ripen" muzhizha, uye ikaridzwa panze ndiyo nechando).

Mabviro ezwi rokuti

Pfungwa yacho achinaya mvura - pfungwa zvakafanana. Pane vachiri kuda zvimwe kunyatsotsanangura. Tundra ndivakanganwire akasiyana: marshy, peat, matombo. Kubva kuchamhembe vari unongoshanda kweArctic mugwenga, asi wokumaodzanyemba kwayo divi ndiko kutanga kweArctic. The chikuru chepfungwa achinaya mvura marshes vanoonekwa mukuru mwando, permafrost uye mhepo yakasimba. Zvinomera pane nekaupenyu sparse. Plants vari aimanikidzwa pasi, dzikaumba akawanda nokupiringidza Matavi (chirimwa "piro").

Nyaya yokudana mumwe (the Mabviro ezwi rokuti) yakatorwa kubva Finns: tunturi shoko rinoreva "treeless gomo." Kwenguva refu zvaionekwa zvairatidza dzematunhu uye kwete pamutemo kushandisa. Zvichida pfungwa akatora mudzi nekuvongwa Karamzin, uyo akaramba kuti "shoko kunofanira pakutaura kwedu," nokuti pasina zvakaoma kuziva pahupamhi, pasi, nebani treeless, vashoma chete Moss, izvo zvinogona kutaura vafambi, geographers uye vadetembi.

kupatsanura

Sezvambotaurwa, kune achinaya mvura - pfungwa iyi generalized. Kutaura zvazviri, rakakamurwa huru munyika dzine matatu: kweArctic, nechepakati uye kumaodzanyemba. Funga navo zvishoma zvizere.

1. Arctic achinaya mvura. Izvi subband manyoro (runonyanya). Ichazivikanwa semishrubs piro mhando uye mosses. "Yakarurama" kubva pamakwenzi ikoko. It ane mugove miti makwapa akasvibirika zvevhu uye permafrost nyandu pazvikomo.

2. Average Tundra (ainzi kwese) vainyanya Moss. Pedyo madhamu ikoko petsanga zvinomera ane mwero rekushongedzesa uye zviyo. Pano unogona kuona zvinokambaira the willow pamwe zvipfupi Birch miti, lichens, mosses zvakavanzika.

3. South achinaya mvura - iri kunyanya kwesha nharaunda. Zvinomera pano novimba Longitude.

Climate

Okunze rakanyatsojeka utsinye (kunyunguduka). Ndokusaka muna achinaya mvura fauna of riri shoma - kwete mhuka dzose vanokwanisa kuita mhepo kudaro simba uye kuchitonhora. Very kashoma, pane vamiririri guru fauna of. Sezvo unorema kubva achinaya mvura iri kuArctic Circle, dzechando havasi zvikuru chete zvikuru, asi yakareba. Havazivi refu kwemwedzi mitatu, senguva dzose, asi (anonzi usiku polar) kaviri refu. Panguva ino, kunyanya muchando achinaya mvura. Continental okunze dzinokubatsira kwokuomerwa muchando. In yechando, avhareji tembiricha iri achinaya mvura iri -30 ° C (uye dzimwe nguva pasi, iyo kunowanzoitika).

Kazhinji, zhizha okunze ari achinaya mvura haisi (zviri pfupi chaizvo). August anonzi mwedzi chaizvo. Paavhareji tembiricha panguva ino + 7-10 ° C. Ndicho zvinomera anouya muupenyu August.

Flora, miti nemhuka zvakazonaka

Tundra - ushe mosses uye lichens. Dzimwe nguva unogona kuona angiosperms (zviyo dzakawanda yakaderera), pasi nemiti, zvipfupi miti (Birch, the willow). Typical vamiririri mhuka nyika - gava, caribou, mhumhi, gwai bighorn, tsuro, lemming. Zvinowanikwa achinaya mvura uye neshiri: chena mapapiro plover, plantain Lapland, ptarmigan, Zizi, Plover, Snow bunting, Red-throated watch.

Tundra - ichi "mugumo wenyika", ane mvura akapfuma hove (whitefish, whitefish, cisco, inconnu). Zvinokambaira chepakarepo hapana: nekuda yakaderera tembiricha ine utsinye kukwanisa kurarama hazvitomboiti.