Ukraine kwemunhu midziyo. State marongerwo uye gadziriro Ukraine enyika

Ukraine - anotonga mamiriro. Rine kunharaunda yayo, wakakwidzwa uye nemakanzuru dare miviri, hurumende, maoko maoko, mureza uye chimbo. State Ukraine mudziyo ine mapazi chivakwa pamwe weboka mapazi akasiyana uye runoenzanirana pamutemo nzvimbo democratic mitemo.

kuwana uchangamire

Muna July 1990 Verkhovna Batsirai (paramende Ukrainian) rakagamuchira "Declaration musi State Uchangamire." Gwaro rino wakazaruka peji mutsva munhoroondo yacho, iyo inosvitsa kuvaka nevanhu mamiriro kunobva kwemitemo.

Maererano Declaration, ruzhinji kufarira mvumo kutaura Verkhovna Batsirai. No mapati, masangano kana vanhu (kunze mutungamiri, uye kuti pane dzinoverengeka nyaya) havana kodzero kuita kudaro. Gwaro anosimbisa chiremera reMitemo munharaunda simba, rinomiririra kudyidzana pakati mapazi simba, maererano kumuganhu wehurumende (Ukraine miganhu panguva pamwe munyika nomwe), kodzero dzavo uye dzimwe nyaya.

Kubva zvokuvhoterwa kuna purezidhendi reparamende

Nzira iyo Ukraine yaiva kuitwa pakati Declaration pamberi kuitwa hurumende bumbiro, munhu anononoka uye kunzwisisa. iri nyore rino chakatsanangura nokuchinja kukuru mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi upenyu.

Muna July 1996, hurumende simba chikwata change. The Verkhovna Batsirai vakagamuchira Constitution mutsva Ukraine. Maererano naye, Ukraine zvino - a yeparamende zvokuvhoterwa ane vemutungamiri yaitonga. Mutungamiri akasarudzwa pamakore mashanu. Iye - musoro wehurumende, pangasava kushumira kuti mazwi anopfuura maviri.

mapurezidhendi:

• Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich (05.12.1991 - 19.07.1994).
• Kuchma Leonid Danilovich (19.07.1994 - 23.01.2005).
• Yuschenko Viktor Andreevich (23.01.2005 - 25.02.2010).
• Yanukovych Viktor Fedorovich (25.02.2010 - 22.02.2014).
• Poroshenko Petr Alekseevich (c 06.07.2014).

anotonga

Mhando hurumende muUkraine kutevedza kazhinji kugamuchirwa democratic mitemo. The raora Hurumende rakakamurwa matavi matatu adzikinure:

• pamutemo;
• Executive;
• dare.

Verkhovna Batsirai - chemhando Ukrainian Paramende. Chinonzi paramende unicameral, apo Nomukurukuri vanotu-. Mashandiro of Verkhovna Batsirai - lawmaking uye nokungwarira kudzora Hurumende. Kusarudzwa Nhengo dzeParamende dzinoitwa ose 4 makore. Ivo kuitwa pachivande nokuvhota. vagari vose makore 18 uye vakuru vane kodzero dzokuvhota.

Executive mamiriro, dzinotungamirirwa President pasi nehurumende pasi Prime Minister uye vepurovhinzi. By Executive miviri zvinosanganisira shumiro, kuchengeteka masangano, hondo uye mamwe mabasa.

Constitution rweUkraine - mutemo mukuru munyika. It anokubatsirai dzimwe kodzero uye rusununguko vemunyika Ukrainian uye vaone mabasa avo. Matare ane kodzero yakazvimirira sarudzo. In tsika, nyika ine Transitional nguva zvakaoma kuparadzana zvachose varikutonga uye matavi kwemitemo. Revane simba - dare.

Chehurumende

Munyika mune mhando anotevera hurumende:

• unitary (kuroora);
• ane kunzwisisa chimiro mudziyo (nemisanganiswa, confederations).

Unitary - hurumende pamwe mundima rakakamurwa zvakaenzana administrative dzakabatana (kumatunhu, enyika, maruwa, etc ...), omurume pakati.

Federation - chinhu chisinganzwisisiki yeUnited mamiriro dzine administrative dzakabatana (chinoda, zvionera kumatunhu, rinoti, nyika, etc ...), Izvo vane imwe rusununguko zviri pamutemo.

The chikonzero paumbwe imwe yeUnited mamiriro uye nenzvimbo yeUnited ukama zvinogona Constitution uye (kana) yeUnited chibvumirano. Pahwaro yakananga zvibvumirano simuka Somuenzaniso, Federation of Australia, Switzerland, United States, USSR, Malaysia, Russia uye dzimwe nyika. Vari anowanzonzi dzakataurwa chibvumirano, mukusiyana kune vasiri contractual, akadai Somuenzaniso, Canada, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, yakabuda nokuda nechepakati nadzo pamusoro pehurumende kana mumaguta kuzvionera kuti remangwana Federation.

Confederation - mubatanidzwa kwenguva; kunyange nokuparurwa pasi kana yachinjwa kuva batana mamiriro. Somuenzaniso, pane ikozvino Switzerland somunhu yeUnited mamiriro, painenge rakaramba zita "Confederation". Confederation akasimuka nezvikonzero zvakasiyana uye panguva dzakasiyana mune USA, Germany, Netherlands.

In Ukraine, vaionekwa (uye vaiona), marudzi ose ehurumende, kupfuura zvakakodzera kuti nyatsoshanda yaitonga. Panguva iyoyo, kuita unitary hurongwa.

Ukrainian parliamentarism

Nomumwe zvimedu wokuUkraine paramende pamusoro nhoroondo yaro vaiva akakurumbira Chamber of Kievan Rus, ari Sejm of-Lithuanian Polish mamiriro, kuti Cossack Hetman vakafara nguva, uye gare gare - soro zvemitemo mutumbi rweAustro-Hungary, uye ipapo Russian Empire, wokuUkraine SSR Soviet Union.

Kusikwa Ukraine sehurumende hazvibviri pasina paumbwe Paramende iri nyasha pamutemo kupa simba utariri kambani,, uyo munyika dzakawanda. Mhedzisiro pakutanga tsika munhau ichangopfuura reparamende chisikwa uye kushanda muna March 1917 - On April 1918 Ukrainian Central Batsirai - rudzi National proto-paramende, iyo vakapfuura shanduka nzira socio-political sangano kuti "varikutonga" simba pamusoro Ukrainian vanhu.

The chidzoke Paramende uye mabasa ayo aiva musoro danho kusimbisa wokuUkraine vanhu mumugwagwa National kuzvimirira muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Ndizvo nhoroondo netsika Ukrainian Central Batsirai mberi mune ezvinhu ano pamusoro Verkhovna Batsirai rweUkraine.

Pamwe chete Paramende, rinomiririra zvido vakawanda uye purezidhendi Ukraine.

ushumiri

State Ukraine mudziyo administratively ane chimiro yakajeka. Munguva kwokubatsira musoro purezidhendi akasarudzwa vanofanira, mvumo ne vazhinji vavhoti kutungamirira.

Danho pazasi raiva hushumiri anokonzera kuitika chinokosha munyaya dzose mabasa Economic, kudzivirira, utano, tsika, kuti Interior Ushumiri, remunharaunda kukura, zvokurima mutemo, ikoroji, simba, dzimwe nyaya, mashoko, vechidiki uye mitambo, kwezvivako, dzidzo uye sainzi, kururamisira, mari, zvemagariro mutemo, kuti Cabinet vashumiri.

Sechivako Muushumiri aifarirwa rezvemabasa, uye vamwe miviri nechepakati - misoro yavo. The Kuronga nechepakati mitumbi nevarikutonga akatendeka muna zano Prime Minister rweUkraine, First Vice Prime Minister, Vice-Prime Minister maererano nokuparadzira zvavo masimba dzichipfekeka.

Musoro Hurumende anova wehurumende nominated ne mutungamiri, asi pakupedzisira Batsirai wevatariri vanoti. Kusiyana nevamwe musasa (Germany, Japan, Great Britain, Italy nevamwe), ari Prime Minister rweUkraine haadi nhaka kuzara sarudzo. Anoti kuna President.

List kuti Prime Minister uye Kuita:

• Witold Fokin (1990-1992);
• Valentin Simonenko (1992);
• Leonid Kuchma (1992-1993);
• Yefim Zviagilskiy (1993-1994);
• Vitaly Masol (1994-1995);
• Evgeniy Marchuk (1995-1996);
• Pavlo Lazarenko (1996-1997);
• Basil Durdinets (1997);
• Valery Pustovojtenko (1997-1999);
• Viktor Yushchenko (1999-2001);
• Anatoly Kinakh (2001-2002);
• Viktor Yanukovych (2004-2005, 2006-2007);
• Nicholas Azarov (2005, 2010-2014);
• Yulia Tymoshenko (2005, 2007-2010);
• Yuriy Yekhanurov (2005-2006);
• Sergey Arbuzov (2014);
• Arseniy Yatsenyuk (2014).

administrative kupesana

Zvakakurukurwa mamiriro ezvinhu Ukraine zvinoratidzwa kwayo administrative kupesana. Nokuti muduku nyika dzinongoitika "kunzwa kuti" vakawanda Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chimiro nekuita pakati vanhu kumatunhu akasiyana. Mamiriro akapoteredza Crimea uye Donbas chete zvinoratidza kuti zvinoda nguva uye, zvimwe, vamwe kuchinja kuitira kuvaka monolithic administrative hurongwa kuti inorangarira zvido zvikamu zvose munzanga.

The Republic rakakamurwa munzvimbo, izvo nenyika pamwe Soviet Union, anenge asina kushandurwa - vanosvika 24 nharaunda, akavapindurawo, vari dziya kupinda mumatunhu 490. Maguta makuru 176 vane chinzvimbo chinokosha - the romunharaunda (Republican) murayiro uye sei nemaruwa vari miganhu masangano rechipiri chechetere. In pachikuva wechitatu - iri pedyo vanhu - ndivo kanzuru, guta, uye musha. Kiev ndiye mudunhu guru.

Zvinoitwa mamiriro

The mamiriro ezvinhu Ukraine inosanganisira yepamutemo chehurumende, administrative-miganhu marongerwo uye utongi enyika. Yokupedzisira ndeyokuti kwegadziriro nzira uye nzira hurumende simba, hazvina kunoratidzwa padanho nevimbiso kodzero dzevanhu.

Article nhamba 1 reMitemo yave papi Ukraine somunhu democratic mamiriro. Gwaro anosimbisa misimboti vanhu kwaMwari, kupatsanurwa kwemasimba enyika, zveupfumi uye pfungwa siyana, basa kuti munhu, uye zvakafanana.

utongi hwegutsaruzhinji

Ukraine unitary mamiriro anoti mirawu hweruzhinji, iro rinoitwa zvakananga kuburikidza ehurumende masangano uye zviremera zvomunzvimbo pamwe zvehurumende. ReConstitutional Court riri 26.03.2002 ataura kuti "hurumende dzematunhu inofanira kuonekwa sechinhu chimiro vanhu simba."

A kuratidzwa zvakananga nevanhu ndiko sarudzo, National uye nemakanzuru nemareferenda, dzakakurumbira matanho, ruzhinji hearings uye zvakafanana. Kana vanhu simba mhiri mamiriro Anoumba nhengo dzakakurumbira mapato.

Hurumende midziyo anofanira kusiyanisa nesekondari mitumbi kumiririrwa kwevanhu. Public miviri vari inoumbwa chikuru mumiririri aanozvisarudzira, achibatsirwa iyo simba riri kugoverwa neHurumende zvakananga nevanhu. Munyika ndivo Verkhovna Batsirai (VR) uye President rweUkraine.

Mitumbi wehurumende, ayo inoumbwa BP uye mutungamiri, ndivo mitumbi yechipiri, kunanga kumiririrwa. Kunakisa zvakananga nevanhu ndiko noupamhi kukwezva vanhu kuti ruzhinji zvenyika. Zvakanakira kushanda mumiririri miviri ndechokuti havana zvachose, kushanda iri nyanzvi hwaro.

mamiriro changamire

Unitary mamiriro Ukraine - anotonga uye akazvimirira. Uchangamire anonzi pokutonga hurumende sarudzo zviremera munyika uye of facto rusununguko kubva zvokunze mauto (nyika, masangano, masangano, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Uchangamire rakakamurwa pezviri uye zvekunze. In ezvinhu ano wokutanga nokudzorwa bumbiro, uye wechipiri kunetsa hunhu ukama pakati kunyika dzakasiyana, kufungisisa dzemunharaunda mutemo dzakawanda. Changamire haisi pfuma wenyika, uye kunyanya vehurumende. Zviri pamusoro pati, zvechitendero, mari - hapana anogona sheedzera zvainoda. Munyika hwaJehovha iri shoma chete dzinokosha dzevanhu.

Kusikwa Ukraine sehurumende zvakanga zvisingaiti pasina kwokunze changamire. Anoreva vaya miganhu mukati iro hwokufananidzira ano ezvinhu Interstate kusangana pezvakaitwa vanofanira kutora nzvimbo.

At moyo mamiriro rusununguko rweUkraine ndiye anonzi uchangamire vanhu. Ndiwo vanhu, kunyanya kuburikidza sarudzo legitimizes hurumende simba. Nokuti anopa chavagari, ipapo anofanira ndezvaJehovha uye simba. People hwaJehovha iri kushandiswa kuburikidza akasarudzwa mumiririri muviri uye zvakananga kuvanhu vemo kuburikidza nesarudzo, voruzhinji hurukuro referendamu. Saka uchangamire chaizvoizvo rinobatana achabatira imwe hweruzhinji.

Zvaidiwa kwemitemo

To wepamutemo mamiriro Ukraine, uye izvozvo zvakanga, zviremera vanofanira nechokwadi zvaidiwa mitemo mumatare dzimwe nhanho dzose kubva soro ehurumende zviremera ose mugari. Legal kurongeka - nomutemo chimiro kurongeka, sangano uye mutemo paruzhinji ukama. Vanokwanisa ichi, iye:

• Zviri zvinyorwa zvokupikisa zvakasimba mhirizhonga, mhirizhonga, disorganization, kusaziva uye kusagadzikana ukama pakati vanhu;
• yepamutemo kunoreva kuita zvinobvira pamutemo yezvakaitwa neHurumende uye ayo masimba kune vagari, uyewo mumwe munhu pachinhu chimwe.

Nengano kwakaderera nesimba, kukura kunyunyuta moods muna 2013-2014 rehurumende mamiriro Ukraine yave pangozi. The kwemitemo ndechokuti pamutemo wokuenzanisira inorondedzera mamiriro vanotongwa evanhu ukama, hunhu hwavo, ukama pakati dzinongoitika uye dzepamutemo vanhu, uyewo nzira, unyanzvi, kusawirirana chisarudzo maitirwe ezvinhu.

On muganhu hwaro (nzvimbo pakuparadzirwa) kana rapanzvimbo kwemitemo kusiyanisa pakati:

• nehurumende (nyika) zvavo;
• mudzimba masangano (vanotongwa Federation, zvionera pachena masangano);
• administrative-miganhu dzakabatana - maguta, maruwa, nzvimbo, etc.

Zvichienderana matambudziko mutemo, ayo STRUCTURAL zvikamu paumbwe kwemitemo, tinogona kugadzira wemauto, sectoral, anokosha kana masangano kuti. Total rinooneka uye mashandiro sezvo pamusana Implementation yose pamutemo hurongwa. By bhuku, kirasi iyi chaizvoizvo kufanana kwemitemo iri miganhu hwaro. Industry akaita pachishandiswa dzemunharaunda chaizvo pabazi mutemo (yepamutemo, zvemari, vehurumende nzira, uye vamwe.). Special (zvechechi) unomuka pamusoro maererano Implementation pamusoro kodzero munhu masangano.

matare

Dzeutongi - wechitatu hurongwa hurumende muUkraine. Zvinonzi akaziva pachishandiswa chinokosha ehurumende mitumbi - kumatare. The nyika akaumba mumwe-weDanho matatu ezvinhu, pamusoro izvo reConstitutional Court vanofanira. Akanga ari mutariri - yokupedza pose nyaya kukanganisa nheyo simba rose - the Constitution.

Practical nyaya (zvamagariro, zvoupfumi) vanotsaura mukuru uye aruramisire matare, ukuwo. Saka, chimiro hurumende Ukraine anotanga nepakati Murongerwo iri mikwende neDare Batsirai (Paramende), President (Rinomiririra Executive System) uye Constitutional Court (sezvo soro chimiro nokuratidzwa zvokutonga hurongwa).

Mia

Legal hurongwa - ndiyo chaiyo pamutemo kurongeka, nzvimbo, sangano paruzhinji ukama, migumisiro chaiyo Implementation mutemo, avo pachake muupenyu. Pfungwa hurumende ndiyo vasingasiyani kubva pfungwa yokuti simba yepamutemo "simba". Nokuti kwayo kuvariritira uye Implementation muUkraine akasika Muushumiri of Interior.

Pakutanga, ushumiri Internal Affairs rweUkraine yakakamurwa dzikava specialized mabasa:

• mapurisa Public.
• Criminal mapurisa.
• PaGati.
• State Security Service.
• Various inokosha mauto.

nadzurudzo

The shanduko muna 2014 yekudyidzana zvakachinja urongwa Bazi Affairs Internal. Chokutanga, pane mapurisa akabvumirwa neMutungamiriri weNyika musi 08.04.2015, reNational Police. It akaronga risingabatanidzwi zvekufambisa zvivako, mapurisa uye wemhuka GUBOP. Sezvo 2016 mashandiro paGati "kupa" akasika wemagetsi hurongwa chakagadzirirwa kutsiva "kurarama" motokari nemapurisa. 16/09/2015 chakagumisa miganhu Interior Ministry. Kupedza nadzurudzo muna 2017. Chokwadi, hurumende uye zvematongerwe enyika hakuzochinji, asi kuchinja nguva aigona sei vasaenderera mamiriro ezvinhu.

Zvinonzi aronga kuti nemamiriro matsva rezvemukati pakupedzisira anotora zvinotevera chimiro:

• Criminal mapurisa.
• Special Police.
• Police kudzivirirwa.
• Postal uye Telecommunications.
• Chikwata mapurisa.
• Mitumbi pre-kutongwa kuongorora.
• Police basa.
• Department of kutengesa zvinodhaka.
• mapurisa Economic.

teething matambudziko

Pane mhando dzakasiyana nehurumende. Ukraine akasarudza unitary chimiro nekuita ose administrative masangano. Mamiriro kumativi kuCrimea uye Donbas, Nokurangarira abvumire zvimwe masimba kumatunhu, kusvikira federalization pamberi zvemitemo, masayendisiti enyika uye mibvunzo vanhu, mhinduro nyore havasi.

The mutoo rakasikwa itsva democratic mamiriro yakaoma. Asi munguva pfupi gadziriro itsva hurumende rakavambwa, National zvombo mauto, kuchengeteka kwebasa, mapurisa.