Utsvene - utsvene ichi ... pamisara muna Orthodoxy

Zvipo kuti Mwari anopa vasanangurwa vake, vari siyana chaizvo, uye nekuti utsvene - kutanga kuratidzwa dzavo muvanhu, uye pfungwa iyi inosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana. Nokuda kuti, kare, chiKristu rwakakamukana munzvimbo dzakawanda, mumwe nomumwe canonization yavo, kureva mbiri musande waMwari nechiso vatsvene, ane zvimwe dzose.

Holy uye utsvene

Pfungwa youtsvene akapinda kushandiswa kunyange panguva mambakwedza chiKristu. Zvadaro, chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira Old Testament vekare, vaprofita, uye vaapostora, uye kutenda, kugamuchira kutambura uye rufu muzita raKristu. In zvapedzisira nguva, apo chiKristu akava chitendero wehurumende, izvi zvaisanganisira nevatungamiriri nevatongi, madzimambo, machinda uye vamwe vakawanda.

Orthodox utsvene - chakumbirwa kubva Byzantium uye muRussia vakagamuchira pakuzadzisa wegadziriro, pasi iyo vatsvene vaMwari, vakawanda kwakaratidzwa pachena nezvipo ake nemabasa ake vaikodzera canonization, akakamurwa muzvikamu wandei, kana mapoka. Kupesana akadaro zvimiso zvikuru, sezvo mumazuva yepanyika upenyu mutsvene anogona akudzwe zvakasiyana siyana zvakapembererwa.

Vadzidzi vaKristu, wana utsvene

Ndiro rine chokwadi nokukudzwa dzino vakajaira kupa vaapostora - the dzepedyo vadzidzi uye vateveri vaJesu Kristu, Akapa nezvipo inokosha rokuparidza shoko raMwari, achiporesa vanotambudzika, achibudisa madhimoni, uye kunyange kumuka kwevakafa. Vachitora parwendo guru kupararira kwechiKristu, zvinenge zvose vavo vakapedza upenyu kwaStefani.

Kubva Evhangeri tinodzidza kuti basa Church yakatangwa naye, Jesu akadana vadzidzi vake gumi nevaviri yepedyo, asi gare gare vakanga vabatana nevanhu zvakawanda manomwe akasarudzwa, uye muapostora Pauro. Vose vakanga somusande vari chinzvimbo kuvaapositori. Utsvene hweVaapositori ane hunhu, sezvo yave vanopupurirwa naJesu Kristu pachake. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pezana III remakore, ndiko kuti, kunyange pamberi mukukunda chiKristu pamusoro muchihedheni, achikudzwa akaita kunamata kwavo, uye voruzhinji zororo hwakagadzwa VI remakore.

Nhoroondo Christianity anoziva mazita anoverengeka vanozvinyima kuwana mukurumbira kuparadzirwa chiKristu pakati pamarudzi, vakanyura muchihedheni. Nekuti muushumiri hwake vari zvikuru wakafananidzwa vaapostora, vakanga akakudzwa Church kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu SS uye akaita saizvozvo ari oga muchikwata. utsvene yavo - a Feat kudzidzisa marudzi chiedza chechokwadi kwaKristu.

Saints chiKristu

Zvinotevera mhando mbiri yavatsvene - vaprofita uye madzitateguru, nechekare ataurwa munyaya ino, takasvika kwatiri kubva muTestamende Yekare nguva. Pakati okutanga vanosarudzwa, izvo Jehovha akaisa pamusoro unokosha basa kuvhura vanhu kuti kuda kwake, kana, mune mamwe mazwi, kuprofita. Muna Orthodox Church akasimbisa chairo nzira nokuda kuremekedzwa kwavo, uye mazuva mashomanana gore (kunyanya December) rakazvipira kuyeuka neimwe.

The Old Testament inosanganisira mabhuku akawanda evaprofita, chaiye kukosha riri pakuti dzine kufanotaurwa kwechimwe chinhu chisingadzivisiki chakajairika munyika Mesiya, akatuma kubvisa vanhu kubva pakutukwa chivi chokutanga. Kukosha yavatsvene izvi iguru kuti mumwe wavo - muprofita Isaya, uyo akararama muzana remakore VIII BC, akaita kunyange kunzi "muevhangeri wechishanu."

Kumadzibaba vari kurarama Old Testament nguva, nevatungamiriri vemadzitateguru akadana vabereki bogoottsami Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary - Joachim uye Anna. utsvene yavo - ndiwo mugumisiro mabasa, vakabatsira ounza nyika Mesiya wakakubudisai vanhu ruponeso parufu rusingaperi.

Vatsivi vevaapostora Sande

Chiitiko roMwanakomana waMwari panyika chamuita kuti chidzoke imwe ungano vakawanda vatsvene, avo vaiva vatsivi AVAPOSTORI uye akatungamirira nenharaunda yechiKristu. mabhishopu avo, ari kuruoko soro kwevari ushumiri yomufundisi, akaratidza muenzaniso zvakadzama vatsvene uye kuzvipira, Chechi anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore wokupemberera chinzvimbo yavatsvene.

Izvi zvaisanganisira vazhinji mabhishopi, archbishops, mabhishopi uye Mateteguru uchibatsira nokusimbaradza nokutenda uye zvishoma nezvishoma kushora kunogadzirisa makakatanwa uye dzidziso. The pachena muenzaniso akanyatsorongwa akadaro Church Sts Nikolay Chudotvorets, Ioann Zlatoust, Gregory Bogoslov nevamwe.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti kururama uye kuzvipira Chinoziviswa vashumiri vaMwari, vari anotsiviwa akatuma kazhinji kubva kumusoro zvipo, rimwe riri kugona wonderworking. Ndokusaka achiverenga Life yevatsvene zhinji, unogona kuwana kurondedzerwa akavasika zvishamiso. Kazhinji, zviri kuporesa vanorwara, kumutsa vakafa, zvichaitika, uye kudzvinyirira pamusoro okunze.

Dobropobednye kutenda Kristu

A chikamu chinokosha rine zvidzidzo youtsvene chokuita kutambura Kristu. Ava kuverengwa pakati pevaya vari kubvuma mumatambudziko avo uye rufu akapupura nokutenda muMwanakomana waMwari kukunda pamusoro rufu rusingaperi. Saints pamusoro ichi boka guru kwazvo, akakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda.

Vaya vakakodzera kutsungirira wakakura zvikuru uye kwenguva refu kurwadziswa, akadana kutenda (dzvene - Pantelimon, Georgiy Pobedonosets, Velikomuchenitsa Varvara). Kana ndakadzidzawo kuva nokuzvidira murwere bhishopu kana mupristi, zvino anonzi Hieromartyr tsvene (naHerimogene, Ignatiy Bogonosets). Monk, uyo akatora vokutenda Kristu kutambura uye rufu, rinopembererwa pachinzvimbo chevatatu seane uchenjeri (Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna). Panewo chikamu vakafira kutenda. Rinosanganisira vaya vakatambura rufu uye kurwadziswa mumaoko hama dzavo pachavo mukutenda (machinda matsvene Boris uye Gleb).

Utsvene akaberekwa yemadutu ose XX remakore

Host kutenda Orthodox zvinooneka rakudzwa pakati XX remakore, akawanda raiva munguva kutambudzwa Church, mukuru mu neutsinye hwavo kuti aitofanira kutsungirira okutanga emakore chiKristu. Nguva iyi yakaratidza nyika renyeredzi vakafira kutenda uye zvivi, vakawirwa vakawanda udzvanyiriri, asi haana zvasiya kutenda.

Kuti zvivi kuverengwa pakati pevaya akaramba kuzivisa pachena (oreururira) Kutenda, pasinei nokutyisidzirwa mujeri kana kunyange rufu. Kusiyana zvavaitenda, vanhu ava havana kufa rufu rwechisimba, asi zvisinei vakatambudzwa zvikuru. utsvene yavo - kuratidzwa kuzvipira.

Mienzaniso ugamba akadai vakazadzwa anenge ose emakore yavasingadi hurumende kuRussia. The pamusoro Mapoka zvinogona inozivikanwa se kuhondo sainthood, nechokuita zvakananga kutambura Kristu, sezvo mavari dzvene, achitsungirira kutambura, kuva seMuponesi.

Saints, kana upenyu akafananidza kuvatumwa

Achitaura mamwe mamakisi youtsvene, tinofanira taura muchikwata yakafara chaizvo kuti vari semunhu avo vane upenyu rava Feat yemamongi basa. Apedza rwendo yepasi, vari kukudzwa chiso musande.

Ichi zvepamusoro ndiyo testamendi kuti chokwadi kuti, rokuramba zvisina maturo nyika uye yesosaiti kuchinja chido, vanova se muupenyu hwake, ndiko, kuti vafanane vatumwa vaMwari. Vari yakashongedzwa nehondo yemazita vatsvene Segiyo pamusoro Radonezh, Serafima Sarovskogo, Feofana Zatvornika, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Host vatongi vaizviita

The Orthodox Church anokudza sezvo kuyeuka avo vana vavo, uyo, kunyange pamukova vanova simba, vakashandisa nayo kutenda uye mabasa nerudo. Panopera ake basa, vari rakava mu panhengo vakatendeka. muchikwata ichi zvinosanganisira madzimambo, Navahosi, machinda uye machindakadzi.

tsika iyi akauya Russia kubva Byzantium, apo madzimambo vakanga vachishingaira munyaya upenyu yechechi uye aiva yakafara atenderwa kugadzirisa inokosha nyaya yechitendero. Mazuvano, vakawanda vanoziva mifananidzo pamwe mufananidzo vaizviita Prince Dmitry Donskoy, Aleksandra Nevskogo uye Daniel of Moscow, ane huma ari yakashongedzwa rimwe denderedzwa rechiedza - chiratidzo utsvene.

Akarurama uye kusafarira, vachapenya ari nengirozi chinzvimbo

Kururama chinhu chinokosha muupenyu mumwe mutsvene, asi kunyange pakati pavo pane vaya kunyanya zviya ichi kunaka uye akaratidza muenzaniso pakuvaka kuvazukuru. Ivo vanobatanidzwa ari oga chinzvimbo uye mbiri pakati pevakarurama. Mazita akadai Russian Church anoziva zvakawanda - nayo John pamusoro Kronstadt, Omsk uye Stephen Alexis (Mechev). Ivowo kuva pevamwe, akadai Admiral Ushakov naSimiyoni Verkhotursky.

Mumwe migumisiro kururama kudiwa udyire basa kuvanhu. Saints, shongedza hwako Feat ichi, rinonzi kusafarira uye kuumba yoga boka. Izvi zvinosanganisira kunyanya vanachiremba, kuti kudzidzira nheyo "tarenda ose inopiwa naMwari, uye kunofanira kushandiswa nokukudzwa."

hondo dzavo incalculable, uye asiri munhu asina kunzwa mazita navatsvene zvakadai kusafarira kana Panteleimon Cosmas uye Damian. Vakanga somusande ari chinzvimbo zvavaitenda, riri chaizvo kakawanda, kana kukudzwa chete mutsvene kuna Mwari mabasa makuru siyana.

Akazvidzwa uye anorova vatakuri chokwadi chaMwari

Uye pakupedzisira, mumwe chinzvimbo, kwemazana emakore akawanda vakanakidzwa rukudzo unokosha Russia - vakaropafadzwa. chimiro ichi youtsvene zvinoshamisa chaizvo uye gangaidzo muzvinhu zvakawanda. Wakaropafadzwa, kana, mune mamwe mazwi, mutsvene mapenzi, kuRussia kubva yekare vaiva vaya, pasi chifukidziro zvokunze manyemwe, tsika zvose panhu zvenyika tsika, kusanganisira dzokushamisira chokunze pauMwari.

Kazhinji, maitiro avo aiva tsamwisa kuti vamwe vakanga vasina chete kunge vaneta uye vanyadziswa, asi vanorohwa. Zvisinei, somugumisiro kwakadaro nokuzvidzora effacement uye nokuzvidira kutambura kuonekwa sezvo kutevera muenzaniso waKristu. Vatsvene Russian kumeso vavakaropafadzwa vakarumbidza vanhu vanopfuura makumi maviri, kupfuura inozivikanwa zvacho Vasiliy Blazhenny, Xenia pakati Petersburg uye Andrey Konstantinopolsky.

Shoko "utsvene" asi evasingatombonamati nechitendero muupenyu hwenyika inowanzoshandiswa kureva zvinhu uye pfungwa, kunoda, kunyange aitya mafungiro chaiwo uye achiremekedza. Kashoma Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu kudenha kururama kwemashoko akadai sokuti "utsvene amai" kana "magamba tsvene ndangariro rawa." In mienzaniso iyi, hapana nechimiro chokureva zvechitendero, asi zvisinei taura utsvene kwagara chokuita nesu pamwe kuratidzirwa ukuru pakunamata uye kutsvinda.