Vana vakaremara - vana vakaremara. Zvirongwa vana vakaremara

Nzira inobudirira zvikuru yesangano kurovedza vana vakaremara mumba anoita somunhu kure chimiro, unosanganisira kushandiswa yepamusoro mashoko uye yekufambisa.

Sechikamu zvatinokanganisa, izvo zvinogona chinozoiswa ari kure, nokuti mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe anogona inoumbwa chaiwo kwakarongwa, dzakashandisa ake mumwe peculiarities noutano nezvinodiwa zvedzidzo (urongwa kudzidziswa uye kuwana aida basa).

Sezvo Acronym inomirira hia?

It iwayo akakurumbira uye utsinye nokuremara. Saizvozvowo, vana vakaremara - nevana vane dzakasiyana kutsauka (mupfungwa uye mumuviri), zvichikonzera kutyora rwokuzvarwa weboka hwadzo kukura, maererano nako varege kurarama hupenyu huzere.

Senzira rokudzidzisa chinoumba inogona akagadzira nenzira yakamanikana tsananguro. Vana vakaremara - vana vave kutyora psychophysical kukura (kutaura, kuona, kunzwa, locomotor hurongwa, ungwaru, etc.), Uye kazhinji zvinoda remedial basa rinokosha uye dzidzo.

Distance pakudzidza akaremara vana

Kodzero dzidzo rave Kuisa magariro nekodzero vose nokuti kuti kunonzwisiswa somunhu zvoupenyu munzanga upenyu, rinonyatsooneka zvainoita emunhu muitiro.

In ezvinhu ano zviri chikamu ichi vomuUmambo zvakadai vana vakaremara, zviri kusangana nematambudziko (zvemitemo, zvemari, sangano, hwokugadzira uye magariro) pamwe maererano zvichiita kwayo Implementation. Maererano ino chaiyo yokukurumidzira poignancy anowana kudzidza mubumbiro uye nomutemo mashandiro kuitira kodzero dzidzo.

Education vana vakaremara achishandisa daro kunoita kupa mwana wose dzidzo yakakwirira pasinei chaizvo nzvimbo kudzidza. Kuwana ruzivo kuburikidza mashoko kadambari mamiriro ezvinhu anotipa mwana pamwe mukana kuwana akakodzera unyanzvi hwaidiwa mune ramangwana uye kushanda uye kuti rakanaka kuvapo zvavo.

In tsika, nguva zhinji zvave vakaratidza kuti kudzidza kuburikidza daro dzidzo michina inoita Accessibility vana vakaremara dzidzo yakakodzera, uyewo kusimudzira zvakakwana dzinokosha yedzidzo chirongwa mukuru zvesekondari pakati.

Kubatsira Distance Learning

Pano, nemambure mudzidzisi uye muperekedzi (mudzidzisi-consultant) achaita kuitisa zvidzidzo vachishandisa chaiyo aibuda chati, iro rinoshandiswa sezvo individualization kudzidza kwacho kuburikidza zvakasiyana nomunhu anotsanangura yemashoko sangano uye zvidzidzo uye zvidzidzo (zvichienderana nezvinodiwa uye zvinogonekwa pakati muchikwata ichi vadzidzi).

The chinangwa chikuru dzidzo herinoi kuchengeteka mwana ndiani, uye pakusika yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu okuti kwayo. Izvi zvinokwanisa kugonekwa kuburikidza kusiyaniswa kurairirwa, izvo anofunga mwero kuitwa zivo chesekondari, kumhanya mabasa ayo uye kukura unyanzvi siyana nemano.

Ndezvipi zvinhu hunodiwa kuumba masangano dzidzo vana vakaremara?

Vanofanira nechokwadi zvinhu zvakadai:

1. kubudirira kuti kutarisirwa kunoguma toreva kukura vadzidzi vose zvirongwa dzinokosha yedzidzo vakawanda dzidzo inokosha.

2. Kushandiswa zvose kwakajairika uye zvakananga kureva chikero padzidzo vana vakaremara kuti zvidikanwi zvavo rokudzidzisa.

3. Adequacy kupima mwero variability dzinokosha kukwanisa mwana mumwe vakaremara, pamwe nevamwe vadzidzi, uye vabereki (kana zviri pamutemo muchengeti) uye mudonzvo chikoro.

4. Customization of rokudzidzisa muitiro pamwe maererano vana vakaremara.

5. Vanosarudzwa Kugadzirwa mano muchikwata ichi vadzidzi kutaura uye kukurukura nevezera ravo.

6. Development uye kuziva kwaniso vana vakaremara kuburikidza zvikamu, mapoka, netsvimbo uye Studios, uyewo sangano anobatsira munzanga mabasa, kusanganisira evanhu tsika, vachishandisa nezvaanogona aripo mberi chokudzidzisa nemasangano edzidzo.

7. Kuita vadzidzi vakaremara avo zvinobvumidzwa rokusika nevakangwara makwikwi, magadzirirwo uye tsvakurudzo mabasa uye kwesayenzi uye michina okugadzira zvinhu.

8. kubatanidzwa vana vakaremara, vabereki uye kudzidzisa mudonzvo kukura dzinokosha mapurogiramu zvedzidzo vakawanda dzidzo chikuru, uyewo pamasikiro womukati zvemagariro ezvinhu uye paumbwe pamakwara kudzidza nomumwe.

9. Use sezvo chikamu yedzidzo muitiro itsva, sainzi anotsanangura kururamiswa michina kuti pfungwa dzinokosha nezvinodiwa zvedzidzo vadzidzi vakaremara.

10. Cooperation ari nzvimbo redzidzo uye yechipiri, uye anokosha zvikoro, izvo zvichaita kuti kushandisa zvibereko makore akawanda kudzidzisa ruzivo pamwe maererano kuti dzidzo vana vakaremara, uyewo kushandisa zvikurukuru vakasikirwa ichi upfumi.

Saka, tinofanira kutanga mumwe zvirongwa vana vakaremara, izvo hazvo vabereki vavo vanofanira kubatanidzwa. Nenzira iyi vazive basa rayo maererano kuti mararamiro mwana wavo, kwete chete mumhuri asi kuchikoro.

Palsy muvana: Zvinokonzera

Ndivo vanenge 50. Zvisinei, vose vane midzi yavo rwakashata pamuviri kwaizotevera pakuberekwa.

Rinonyatsooneka (kukonzera chakakomba nemigumisiro) zvinosanganisira:

1. yakakomba ingabatanidza anoxia panguva yokuberekwa (somuenzaniso, nokuda zvakasimba yakatokura achiine rukuvhute tambo, placenta uye kukurumidza delamination said.) Kana refu pashure pokuberekwa (vakurumidze mucheche: Vhiki asingasviki 37 gestation kana haaremi pane 2 kg). Zvikurukuru ngozi vanonzi vakurumidze kuberekwa pamwe caesarean chikamu.

2. Kuvapo intrauterine zvirwere (cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, rubella, etc.).

3. Zvakakomba hemolytic chirwere pamusoro achangoberekwa (immunological kusapindirana pakati amai fetus ropa).

4. anoverengeka teratogenic zvikonzero kukanganisa nechepakati tsinga runonyanya in early pregnancy (semuenzaniso, yaunodya pamusoro wairambidza mishonga, kusanganisira hormone nhumbu, kugara nemwaranzi, etc.).

Uye mashoma kunaka zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera palsy nevana, uye kukonzera nouchapupu kukuvadza utano mwana chete.

Zvinoitwa vana kutadza kuona zvakanaka

Sezvo watopiwa deciphered kumusoro, vana vakaremara - a chikamu gomunhu kuna vanotaura nevamwe mhando. Panyaya iyi - the kuona basa.

Maererano nokumwe kuongorora kwakaitwa chikamu ichi vana, vachitevera zvinoitwa simba rinomutsa nezvevamwe ziso zvirwere vave kuzivikanwa:

1. Nhamba vana residual chiono (90%) yakawedzera zvinooneka. Ivo:

• zvachose bofu - 3-4%;
• kubva chiedza maonero - 7%;
• VIZUS ane 0,06 - 10%.

2. kuwedzera chikamu kunzwisisa zvinhu zvirwere. Zvisinei, vashoma zviitiko chokuita kutadza kuona zvakanaka, ayo achishandisa rimwe kukundwa wayo shanda inozivikanwa. zveBhaibheri zvakawanda mumunda ichi ndikazvisimbisa kuti vanoenda kukireshi vakawanda vane 2-3 ziso chirwere.

3. Kuwedzera kwenhamba urema pematanho ari kutarisana chirwere. Kazhinji, ivo ndityore epfungwa.

Kusangana vana vakaremara vari kuenda kukireshi

Ndiwo mutoo kudzidzisa vana vakaremara mukati kupfungwa dzidzo zvavo mhando. nyaya iyi anopiwa yakawanda chaizvo kuteerera nhasi.

dzidzo Integrated zvinoreva kuti vana vakaremara vari kuenda kukireshi vanofanira ishe chete unyanzvi, mano uye ruzivo uye panguva imwecheteyo, sezvo kazhinji kukura.

Kuti kuenda kukireshi zera iri kuonekwa zvikuru zvakanaka kuti kusangana vana vakaremara kupinda chikwata nevezera ravo kwomuzvarirwo kukura.

Education vana vakaremara kuchikoro

Ivo vanobviswa ikoko pashure okutambirwa kwemamiriro pedagogical uye lääkäri-mupfungwa Commission, izvo zvinofanira kudonongodzwa kuti mwana anogona vakadzidziswa chikamu chikoro izere.

Pane rinopawo mashoko maererano kune mupfungwa uye pedagogical zviri kusimudzira imwe munhu, uyewo chirwere kunoguma munzvimbo idzi. Nhengo kurumbidza kuti kuenda mabasa dzikarongwa ari mudzidzi Portfolio.

Anozivikanwa chokwadi inomira kuti kuchinja kubva kuenda kukireshi kusvika kupurayimari Rusvingo chaizvo dambudziko, saka chinhu chokutanga rutsigiro basa mabasa anoita preventative basa nevana vakaremara vane maererano wokudzivisa zvinetso kwadzakabva nguva.

With chii chinogona kuonekwa nevana vakaremara vari kuchinja kubva kuenda kukireshi kuchikoro?

Pakazosvika nguva kugadzirisa matambudziko dzinosanganisira:

• pauzima (a anokudzwa mwoyo, chokwadi muna mauto, yakaderera kudzidza chido, rwakakwana nokuzviremekedza);
• socio-mupfungwa (a nhamba matambudziko munzanga maladjustment);
• zvishande (nzeve, mafungiro, ndangariro, pfungwa, uye d. zvichingodaro.).

The chikuru mirayiridzo yemabasa rutsigiro basa

Vana vakaremara pachikoro rimugamuchire kusvikira kudzidziswa nokutsigira zvinotevera:

1. Chirwere matanho chete maererano kuti mupfungwa uye nesarudzo, motivational zvishande mabhora ose mudzidzi unhu.
2. Analytical basa.
3. matanho Kwesangano (chikoro mupfungwa, zvokurapa uye pedagogical kubvunzana, nezviduku mudonzvo misangano, kudzidzisa purogiramu, misangano vabereki vadzidzi, vadzidzisi uye Kutarisirwa nevamiririri).
4. Advisory basa nevadzidzi vavo vabereki nevadzidzisi.
5. Matanho (Implementation purogiramu zvainanga kugadzirisa nyaya pamwe maererano kune interpersonal kudyidzana).
6. Enderana kururamiswa uye kukura mabasa (munhu uye boka mumawekishopu pamwe akaoma vadzidzi nezviripo).

Kupatsanura muchikwata vanhu nokuda A. R. Muller

Zvinonzi inobva dzakananga yezvakaita kukanganisa, kureva, vana vakaremara dzinogona kuva:

• matsi;
• zvakaoma kunzwisisa;
• Pakunopera deafened;
• mapofu;
• nemaziso vasingadzoreki;
• ari kutyora mashandiro ari zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa;
• ari kutyora mupfungwa uye nesarudzo;
• vakaremara ungwaru;
• pamwe mupfungwa retardation;
• zvakaoma. kutaura zvirwere;
• kunzwisisa kunzwisisa kuremara zvokukura.

nemhando dizontogeneza V. V. Lebedinskogo Six

Sezvambotaurwa, vana vakaremara - a chikamu gomunhu zvimwe vakaremara. Saka, rudzi mabasa akadaro rokutanga dizontogeneza underdevelopment mupfungwa. Ake kupfungwa muenzaniso - mupfungwa retardation.

The mhando rechipiri - kunonoka kukura aimiririra poliformnoy boka rine zvakasiyana (infantilism, havachanyatsogoni unyanzvi chikoro underdevelopment kuvakuru cortical mashandiro, uye vamwe.).

Wechitatu mhando kunosanganisira kukuvadza kukura kwepfungwa (pakutanga kuipa, uye zvadaro chibharo nokuda akuvara kana zvirwere CNS).

Chechina - kuvandudza dhefisiti, inova psycho-mumuviri zvakasiyana, asi pasi dzakakomba kutyorwa kana maonero, kana zvetsandanyama nemapfupa gadziriro, kana kunzwa.

The wechishanu maonero ari kunaka kukura, dzinoratidzwa mubatanidzwa pamusoro kwemarudzi.

Wechitanhatu - kutyorwa nedanho nokuzivikanwa inotungamirwa. Panyaya iyi, hwokufananidzira muenzaniso uri dzakasiyana siyana psychopathology.

Musimboti mabasa kutsigira vana vakaremara mudzimba chebhodho

Kururamiswa-kuva basa nevana vakaremara - nderokubatsira dzavo mupfungwa uye munzanga kukura (paumbwe mifananidzo dzakanaka-evanhu maitiro uye kuti vazive pamwe tsika vanhu, unyanzvi uye mano ezuva nezuva kudzidza).

The nemamiriro dzidzo uye kurovedza vana vakaremara zvokukura aumbwa zvokuti neimwe zera nguva uye zvakagoverwa pamwe nzwisisika uye zvakananga okugadzirisa mabasa.

Chii chinofanira kuitwa kuti pfungwa kwerunyararo muchikwata ichi vanhu mabasa?

Vana vakaremara nevamwe, saka kwokururamisa hanya anofanira munhu mumwechete napo. Zvinoda painstaking, murwere uye kwawakananga basa. Vadzidzisi vanofanira kuva pachena kuti madzidzisiro mhando zvakanakisisa kuzoitawo mudzidzi yakananga, sei kumubatsira kutsungirira matambudziko mukufamba kudzidzisa, kunyanya zvine chokuita urwere hwake.

Ndichishanda nevana kuremara vanoenda kukireshi zera kunoreva chokuita navo nzvimbo yakarongerwa inodzidzisa uye zvokukura, uyewo sangano yokurovedza zvinofanira vanokodzera, izvo zvinofanira kufungawo zera ravo uye psychophysical zvinhu.

Saka, pakupedzisira, chinofanira anotiyeuchidza zvakare inopangidza takurukura pfungwa. Vana vakaremara - a chikamu vanhu, izvo kubudikidza vachivavhiringidza (mupfungwa kana mumuviri), iro rinoda zvikuru yakarongwa nzira pakudzidza inozivikanwa.