"Vashandi venyika dzose, batana!" - ndiani akati uye aya anorevei?

Kuti udzidze nhoroondo yemashoko okuti "Vashandi venyika dzose, taurirana" unoda kunzwisisa zvinoreva mazwi "proletarian" kana "proletariat".

The proletarian. Kutanga kwezwi

Maererano nenhau, shoko rokuti "proletarian" rine chiLatin midzi: proletarius. Zvinoreva "kubereka vana". Varombo varombo veRoma, vachitsanangura pfuma yavo, vakanyora shoko rokuti "vana" - "proles". Ndiko kuti, ivo, kunze kwevana, vakanga vasina imwe pfuma. Saka kumashure kwezwi kukosha kwaive kwakagadziriswa: varombo, varombo, mupemhi. Mune duramazwi reVal Dal, izwi rinotsanangurwa kunyange nehasha zvakanyanya: "vasina pokugara kana vasina, vasina pokugara zabrebetnik." Zvinonzwika, zvisingaiti, zvakashata.

VaFrench mumazuva e "Great Revolution" vakatotanga kushandisa izwi rokuti "hurumende", vachireva vanhu vose vasina maturo vanogara vakasununguka hupenyu hwavo, havatambudzi mangwana.

F. Engels, mumwe wevadzidzisi veMarxist nheyo, muna 1847 "ennobled" iyo izwi, akabvunza kutungamira kwake kwezvematongerwe enyika, akabudisa zvinyorwa zvitsva zvemashoko. Mukududzirwa kweEngels, vashandi vakava vashandi vakatendeseka, mushandi, vakagadzirira kutengesa simba rake, asi vachishayikwa zvinhu zvebhizimisi ravo pachavo. Kubvira ipapo, zvinoreva izwi rokuti "proletariat" rakaramba risina kuchinjwa, panguva yeGreat October Socialist Revolution muRussia yakaratidza kuzvikudza. Uye mumazuva ekuvapo kweU.SR akanga ari kunzwa uye pamberi pevanhu vose veSoviet.

Kubatanidza kana kubatanidza?

Ndiani akati "Vashandi venyika dzose, vabatana" kwekutanga? Ngatitorei izvi kunze.

Kushanda pamwe chete kunyora "Manifesto yeCommunist Party," K. Marx naF Engels vakanyora ipapo shanduro, iyo yakazotevera yakakurumbira: "Vashandi venyika dzose, batana!" Uye saka mazwi anonzwika mukushandura kushandura muchiRussia.

Nzira yekutaura sei zvakanaka? "Vashandi vemarudzi ose, kubatana?" Kana kuti "kubatana?". MuGerman, izwi vereinigt rinoreva "kubatanidza", "kubatanidza". Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kutaura zvose maBhaibheri eshanduro.

Saka, kune mhando mbiri dzekuguma kwechikwata cheMarxist: "kubatanidza" uye "kubatanidza".

Proletarians uye kubatana

Sangano reSoviet Socialist Republics raiva nyika dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinosanganisira ndima 15 dzine ushamwari.

Kudzoka muna 1920, chikumbiro chakaonekwa, chakatungamirirwa kuMabvazuva, nechinangwa chekuunza kuswedera pamwe chete, kuratidzira vanhu vakange vambodzvinyirirwa. Lenin, mutungamiri weNyika yeSoviet, akabvumirana nekugadzirisa kwake uye akafunga kuti kudana kwekubatana kuve kwechokwadi, sezvo kwakabatana nevematongerwo enyika ehurumende. Nokudaro, chirevo chemuitiro wakajairika chakatanga kuzadzika.

Izvo nyika dzakawanda-Union ofSoviet Socialist Republics-yaiva, mumutauro wayo, chikonzero chekubatana. Kuvimbika kwehama dzehama, dzakabatana nechinangwa chimwechete-chivakwa chekusangana nevanhu uye communism, chaive chido chakakosha cheNyika yeSoviet. Ichi chiitiko chezvematongerwe enyika chakava muenzaniso uye kusimbisa kwehutano hwetsika yeMarxism.

Shanduro uye zviratidzo zvehurumende

Zvakaitika kuti mushure mokutanga kweOctober Revolution, muSoviet times, shanduro yekuti "Vashandi venyika dzose uye vanhu vanodzvinyirirwa, kubatana!" Vakaramba, "vanhu vakadzvinyirirwa" vakawa kubva maari, shanduro shoma yakasara. Akafanirwa zvakanaka nemafungiro ehurumende yenyika, saka akafanirwa nehuwandu hwake. Hurumende yenyika yeSoviet yakagamuchira chisarudzo pamusoro pezviratidzo zvenyika. Vaiva: zuva, jeko uye nyundo, pamwe chete navo - chirevo chechirevo chechirevo.

Chiratidzo cheU.SR chaive nemifananidzo, uye zvinyorwa zvakanga zvakanyorwa mumitauro yezvikamu izvo zvaive chikamu chehurumende. Uye nhamba yacho yakakura, kutanga nematanhatu (1923 - 1936 gg.). Mushure mavo, pakanga paine gumi nerimwe (1937-1940), uye kunyange gare gare - gumi nemashanu (1956).

Ivazve hurumende, zvakare, yakavewo nejasi remaoko nechitsime chedhidhiyo yakakurumbira zvose mumutauro wenharaunda inodzivirira (Republic) uye muchiRussia.

Iri shanduro raiva pose pose

MuSoviet Union, shanduro yakakurumbira yaive kunyange pamatema matanda. Kune chiratidzo chinonyatsozivikanwa, pairi kudanwa kwekubatana kwehutungamiri hunobudiswa nemubatsiro weMorse code, mutsara wakaiswa mumutsetse wechipfuva.

Vagari vemuSUSS vanojaira kuona chirevo chekufarira kwatiri kwose kwose - pane zvakawanda zvemasimi uye mapepa. Kazhinji vanhu vaifanira kutakura nemaoko mabhanani ane mavara mumitambo. Maitiro akadaro akaitwa nguva dzose musi waMay 1 (Zuva reVashandi veMarudzi), musi waNovember 7 (zuva reChitutu Revolution). Mushure mokuputsika kweU.SR, mapoka aya akaparara.

Izwi rokuti "kubatanidza" rakadhindwa pamakadhi epakati (zvigadziko), raigara richiiswa mumusoro wezvinyorwa zvese zvekudhinda zvakasangana nezvematongerwe enyika uye nyaya dzezvematongerwe enyika. Uye mapepanhau Izvestia akazviparadzanisa kubva kune vamwe - akazvibvumira izvo zvakataurwa pamusoro apa zvinoratidzwa mumitauro yose (republics dzaive chikamu cheSUSS).

Mirairo, medals, honorary zviratidzo

Munhu wose aida mutsara wacho akajeka paChirongwa cheRed Star. Mutemo weBlack Banner of Labor wakapawo rukudzo rwakadaro.

Mhedziso "Vashandi vemarudzi ose, vakabatana" yakabudiswa.

Pachiratidzo chekuyeuka kweRombo Army chakaratidza mutungamiri - VI Lenin uye bhaniro nemashoko pamusoro pehutano hwehutungamiri hwezvematongerwo enyika.

Ichi chiitiko uye mari uye zvakabatwa. Izvo zvakanyorwa zvakaiswa pa kopecks makumi mashanu (1924 ) ndokuiswa pamabhanki (imwe chervonets).

Mutsara unozivikanwa "wakabatwa muropa" uye wakaramba uri muchiyeuchidzo chezvizvarwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevanhu, vakavaka hukama hwevanhu, vakarota zveku communism uye vatsvene vakatenda musimba rekubatana kwenyika.