Volga-Vyatka munharaunda yezvehupfumi: unhu, hunyorwa, zviwanikwa. EGP yemuAfrica weVolga-Vyatka yeRussia

Chimiro cheVolga-Vyatka yezvemari inharaunda inosanganisira 5 masangano ekutungamirira. The central one is the Nizhny Novgorod region. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemabhizimisi emabhizimisi anoshandisa munharaunda yaro. Mukuwedzera kuNizhny Novgorod nzvimbo, yeVolga-Vyatka munharaunda yezvemari inosanganisira Republic of Mari El, Chuvash naModovia, pamwe neKirov.

Volumes of industry

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, Nizhny Novgorod region inoshanda senzvimbo yekugadzira nzvimbo yacho. Pano vanogadzira mashizha-kuvaka, auto-kuvaka, dizi-kuvaka, kuvaka nezvikepe uye mamwe mabhizimusi emabhizimisi. Panguva imwecheteyo, mugove wenharaunda munharaunda yezvehupfumi yenharaunda iri kuderera. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekufambira mberi kwematambudziko ekufambiswa kwemashizha ehurumende. Saka, muChuvashia, magetsi emagetsi uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvakasimba, muModovia - rubber technic, sement, engineering lighting, muMari El - edhiyodhiyo yemagetsi. Nzvimbo yechipiri munharaunda maererano nekutengeserana kwemaindasitiri inoshandiswa neKirov. Mashizha makuru ekunyanya ndiwo magetsi ekugadzira, magetsi, kusanganisira makoni-kuvaka kuvaka. Nharaunda yacho yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, makemikari, mapepa uye mapepa, matanda, mapuranga ematanda, uye mafekitari ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emumba.

Mari El

Munharaunda iyi, nzvimbo yepamusoro mudambudziko rezvehupfumi ndiwo mhizha. Chikamu chekugadzira mashizha chikamu chikamu chechina chekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Muchigadzirwa ichi, sayenzi-yakasimba uye mazano akaoma ane dambudziko guru. Dzinosanganisira, kunyanya, redhiyuta yemagetsi, chigadzirwa. I Republic of Mari El inobereka zvinodarika 60% zvekutengeserana kweRussia nemafriji efriji. Masango, pulp uye mapepa, kushandiswa kwemapuranga pamwe chete zvinokonzerwa ne 13% yehuwandu hwemaindasitiri.

Mordovia

Iyi republic inofungidzirwa kuva inyanzvi-agrarian imwe. Pamwe pamwe nematavi emagetsi, zvekurima zvakaparadzirwa pano. Iko inoshandiswa pakugadzira mhizha inyanzvi. Inosanganisira zvinodarika hafu yebasa rose. Kune mapazi akafambiswa emichina yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinotarisirwa kutakura chiedza chekugadzira, kugadzira zvigadzirwa, semiconductor production. Iko huru yekubudisa michina inopiwa nekutengeswa kwezvokudya.

Chuvashia

Mechanical engineering in republic inosvika chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu zvegadzirwa rose. MuChuvashia munoona, mabhururi, magetsi emagetsi anobudiswa. JSC Mutungamiri anotorwa kuti ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Ndiyo chete mbeu muRussia uye yose yeEurope kuburitsa matanki ane simba akawanda. Inyanzvi iyi inoshandiswa mumashandi emagesi, emari uye endarama. Zvakanaka zvakagadzirwa muChuvashia mune makemikari, kudyidzwa kwezvokudya, kushandiswa kwemichina.

Volga-Vyatka munharaunda yezvemupfumi: maitiro

Maererano neurongwa hwekuvandudza kwemakore anouya, kushandiswa kwekushandiswa kwemahofisi ematunhu ekudunhu kunotarisirwa. Mumwe wavo, kunyanya, akabudirira kushanda muModovia. Saransk-Ruzaevsky knot yakaumbwa muRipublic pamusoro pekugadzira zviridzwa, magetsi uye mamwe mabhizinesi. MuChuvashia, kuumbwa kwedambudziko kwakakonzerwa nekuvakwa kweCheboksary hydroelectric power station, chemical plant and tractor plant. MuMari El, nhamba yeVolga yakagadzirwa pamusana pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira mishonga uye matanda.

Mari dzedzimwe nyika

Pasinei nekufambira mberi kwekushandiswa kwemabhizimisi ayo ari chikamu cheNzvimbo yezvemari yeVolga-Vyatka, kuratidzirwa kwehupenyu hwemagariro kunosiya zvakawanda zvingadiwa. Pane kuparadzanisa kukuru kwekusimudzirwa kwehupfumi kwemasimba makuru kubva muhupenyu hwehupenyu hwemasangano enyika, Kirov neNizhny Novgorod nzvimbo. Maumbirwo emakambani emakambani haasi kuitika nekushingaira. Kunyange zvakadaro, kune chiitiko chakanaka chekutsvaga kwekune imwe nyika nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekutengeswa uye kutengeswa kwenyika. Kubatana kweChuvashia pamwe neGermany, somuenzaniso, kwakabatsira pakuvakwa kwemaitiro matsva ekugadzirwa kwebhanhire remakumbo emotokari. Iri bhizinesi riri muAlatyr. Kugadzirwa kunofungidzirwa nhasi iye oga kwete chete muRussian Federation, asiwo kune dzimwe nyika dzeCIS. Iyi simiti yakabvumira kubvisa kuvimba kwevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanotengesa. Imari yezvekune imwe nyika yakabatsira pakuvandudzirwa kwegwenzi reKeboksary pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka (JSC "SANTEK"). Kushandira pamwe nemabhizimisi emamwe marudzi kwakakurudzira kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika kwete muhurumende imwe chete, asi munzvimbo yose.

EGP yemuAfrica weVolga-Vyatka

Maererano neurongwa hwekumavirazuva kwenharaunda iyo inokwanisika kuisa kufanana kwayo nechepakati peRussia Federation. Mamiriro ekumaodzanyemba akafanana nemamiriro eCentral Chernozem Region. Nzvimbo yacho yose ndeye 263 mamiriyoni emamita. Km. Nzvimbo yezvemari yeVolga-Vyatka inowanikwa pakati peEuropeti yenyika. Nharaunda iyi iri mumidziyo yehova huru. Ndivo Volga naVatatka. Nokudaro, chaizvoizvo, zita renharaunda yacho. EGP Volgo-Vyatka munharaunda yezvemari pamharadzano yemigwagwa yezvitima, iyo inobatanidza North-West neCentral, Urals uye nzvimbo yeVolga, inopa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekubudirira kwekushanda kwenyika.

Zvisikwa zvezvemhuka zveVolga-Vyatka munharaunda yezvemari

Mamiriro ekunze enyika yacho anonyanya kunyika. Dondo rinopararira munzvimbo yose. Izvo pfuma yemasikirwo eVolga-Vyatka munharaunda yehupfumi haisi yakasiyana mumabhuku makuru. Munharaunda yeKirov, somuenzaniso, kune zvivako zvekuvaka, peat, phosphorites. Nharaunda yacho yakafukidzwa nemasango, izvo zvinoita kuti kuve nekushanda kwekushanda kwehuni. Mvura midzi yeVolga-Vyatka inzvimbo yezvehupfumi inokosha zvikuru pakuvandudzika kwekugadzirwa nekurima.

Vagari

Nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika yeVolga-Vyatka inenge 5.7% yevanhu. Nhamba yose ye2001 yaive mamiriyoni 8.2. Mamiriro ehuwandu hwevanhu muna 2000 akaratidzwa nekuderera kwepanyama (anenge vanhu 8/1000). Especially high kwaiva kurasikirwa muNizhny Novgorod region. Mukuwedzera, pakanga paine kubuda kwakanaka. MuNizhny Novgorod munguva inobva muna 2007 kusvika muna 2009. Nokuda kwekuderera kwekufa uye kuwedzera kwekuzvarwa kwekuzvarwa, kuparara kwepanyama muhuwandu kwakaderera ne30%. Izvo huwandu hwevanhu vanhu 32 pamamita mita. Km. Mukati mharaunda yacho, kusarudzwa kusina kukwana kunoonekwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanogara kuChuvashia uye kuNizhny Novgorod. Munharaunda ye Kirov. Uwandu hwevanhu huwandu. Inenge 70% yevagari vemo vanogara mumaguta. Kirov naNizhny Novgorod nzvimbo dzakaratidzwa nepamusoro-soro hwekugarisa kwemaguta (anenge 71%). Munharaunda yese, ndima yacho inosvika 60%.

Zvishamiso zvebasa

Tichifunga nezve nzvimbo yenzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika yeVolga-Vyatka, zvakakosha kuti tinyatsocherechedza zvakananga zvekugadziriswa patsva zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kweizvi kana kuti zvematongerwe enyika. Saka, vanhu vomumaruwa vanowanzogara muMari El, Chuvashia, uye Mordovia. Iyo inoumba nzvimbo yekuchengetwa kwemuguta munharaunda yacho, kuve nekugadzirisa kupiwa kwebasa mumashandi pamwe nemamwe mativi ezvinhu uye zvisizvo zvisingaonekwi zvakagadzirwa mumaguta.

Zvikwata zvekugadzira

Mafambi makuru ehupfumi anoumbwa pamutengo weEGP inobatsira yemuAfrica weVolga-Vyatka. Mamwe matavi makuru ekusarudza anosanganisira ubunjini, masango uye makemikari indasitiri. Kutengesa motokari uye kuvaka zvikepe zvinokosha zvikuru. Mupiro mukuru mukusimudziro kwehupfumi hwemunharaunda inoitwa neusingaenzaniswi nehujini (engineering engineering) nekugadzira mashizha. Mukuwedzera pane chinzvimbo chakanaka chinotarisirwa neAvgga-Vyatka munharaunda yezvemari, chimiro chekufambira kwenharaunda yacho chine nhepfenyuro yezvakaitika kare yakashambadza yeNizhny Novgorod. Kunyanya, simiti yeSromovo yaionekwa seimwe yeiyo yakakura munyika iyo isati yasvika. Pasina mubvunzo, ichi ndicho chikonzero chekushushikana kwezvakawanda zvekuchengetedzwa kwebasa, nzvimbo huru yemvura uye musango. Pamwe pamwe neEGP Volgo-Vyatka munharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika haibvumi kuti vagadzire zvakakwana zvigadziriswa uye nheyo. Izwi rekutengesa uye huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvakanyanya kuderera kune zveCentral Region. Nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika yeVolga-Vyatka, inotaura zvishoma, inotarisa kutengeswa kwemafuta uye zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kubva munzvimbo yeVolga, Western Siberia uye Urals.

Mechanical engineering

Inomiririrwa nekuvakisa ngarava nemabhizimisi emabhizimusi, mafukisi ekugadzirwa kweredhiyojini maikirini, zviridzwa, zvishandiso, zvigadzirwa zvehuni nemakemikari. Muunyanzvi, hafu yevanhu vanogona nharaunda yacho inoshandiswa. Imwe motokari yemotokari muNizhny Novgorod inopindirana nemabhizimisi akadai uye ine matavi muPavlovo neSaransk. Miti yekugadzira michina yakagadzirwa muCheboksary neKirov. Dzinobereka matarekitari akaremara, matareta, ATVs, bulldozers. Makambani eSaransk anobudisa magetsi, quartz, arc, mercury mwenje. Nizhny Novgorod ikasimwa "Krasnoe Sormovo" yakambotanga kugadzirwa nemigungwa yechando, zvikepe zvine mapapiro emvura. Kubva sezvo nzvimbo yezvemari yeVolga-Vyatka yeRussia isingakoshi nezvinhu zvayo zvekushandisa, ingujini inoshandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo yakawanda nekugoverwa kwezvinhu kubva kuUrals.

Kemikari indasitiri

EGP Volgo-Vyatka munharaunda yezvemari yeRussia inokubvumira kuti ushingaire kukura munharaunda iyi inharaunda yezvigadzirwa. Kushandiswa kwemakemikari kunofungidzirwa seimwe yemashizha makuru ehupfumi. Iko huru yekugadzira nzvimbo Dzerzhinsk. Iko kunobudiswa nitrogen fertilizer, plastiki, maitiro emagetsi, sulfuric acid nemimwe michina. Mafuta makuru ekuchenesa mafuta ari muKstovo. Imwe pipeline kubva kuAlmetyevsk yakaunzwa kuguta.

Woodworking industry

EGP inobudirira yenharaunda yezvemari yeVolga-Vyatka inoumbwa nekuda kwekuvapo kwemashoko makuru emasango. Makambani anotengeswa mumatanda kushandiswa kwemiti yakagadzirwa nemafuta, simbi, mitambo. Shandisa paVigga pulp uye mapepa emapepa. Iko huru pane iyo ibasa muBalakhna. Iyo mishonga yemapurp uye pepa inoshanda zvakare muVolzhsk nePrvdinsk.

Agribusiness

Izvo zvinoshandiswa mune zvekurima-industrial zvinomirirwa neyekurima nemhuka. C \ x kugadzirwa kunoonekwa semhando dzakasiyana-siyana, asi inokwanisa chete kukwanisa kuwana zvido zvenharaunda yacho. Basa rinokosha nderezvipfuwo. Nekuberekorora zvipfuwo, mafuro ezvisikwa nemafuta anoshandiswa pamwe nemipata yemupata. Pano kukura mombe, nguruve, makwai. Zvekurima zvakare zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka munharaunda. Munharaunda yeVolga-Vyatka kukura mbatatisi, zviyo uye zvirimwa zvezvirimwa.

TEK

Mafuta ane simba uye anoshandisa simba rawo pachake - mvura uye peat. Munharaunda mune mahofisi maviri e hydropower - Cheboksarskaya neNizhegorodskaya. Zvisinei, gesi nemafuta zvakakosha zvikuru kune iyo nzvimbo. Vanopinda munharaunda kubva kuWestern Siberia uye munzvimbo yeVolga. Izvo zvisinganyanyo kukosha ndeyeirivha yemari. Izvo zvinopiwa neZvnetsk nePechora mabhesheni. Mazhinji emagetsi anogadzirwa pachigadzirwa CHP. Zvivako zvakakura zvikuru zviri muDzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Balakhna.

Kutakura mabasa

Hazvikwanisi kutaurwa kuti pane dense network munharaunda. Zvisinei, kuburikidza nenharaunda yeruwa ndiyo inonyanya kukosha motokari nemigwagwa yezvitima. Vanobatanidza kumabvazuva nekumadokero kwenyika. Iko huru yekutakura ariti yenharaunda iri rwizi. The Volga. Mutambo wevatengesi uye kutakura zvinhu kunoitwa pano.