WokuLivonia War makore 1558-1583 yazova chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mishandirapamwe kakawanda pakati Ivana Groznogo. Uye vose XVI remakore, zvichida.
WokuLivonia War: zvishoma pamusoro dzinoita
Mushure huru Muscovite chamber akakwanisa kukunda Kazan uye Astrakhan Khanate, Ivan IV akafunga nezvemamwe kuBaltic nyika uye Gungwa reBaltic. The kubatwa ndima idzi nokuti Moscow umambo kwaizoreva mikana vaizotibata mugotenga reBaltic. Panguva iyoyowo, akagara ikoko kare unoshambadzirana German uye wokuLivonia Order akanga disadvantageous chaizvo kubvumira vakwikwidzi itsva nharaunda. Resolution nokupokanidzana izvi, uye aizova War wokuLivonia. Brief panotaurwa zvinofanira kuitwa pamusoro wevakadzidza chikonzero chacho. Vakashumira sezvo vasiri kwokuripirwa mutero pedyo wokuLivonia Order, izvo yeveubhishopi pamusoro Dorpat aifanira kubhadhara vachida Moscow maererano chibvumirano muna 1554. Pamutemo, mutero uyu aripo kubvira pakutanga XVI remakore. Zvisinei, mune tsika nezvazvo kwenguva refu nguva hapana kuzorangarirwa. Chete chete kusembura pakati hukama pakati pemapoka, Ivan Grozny akashandisa chokwadi ichi chive kururamiswa kuti Russia kupindirwa muGungwa reBaltic.
WokuLivonia War: zvishoma pamusoro vicissitudes makakatanwa
Mauto eRussia vakatanga nechisimba Livonia muna 1558. Danho rokutanga kudhumhana urwo rwakatora kusvikira 1561, rakapera Kupwanya kukundwa of wokuLivonia Order. Hondo Moscow chevaux pogroms akafamba kumabvazuva uye nechepakati Livonia. Dorpat uye Riga vakatorwa. Muna 1559, mapato akasaina chibvumirano kwemwedzi mitanhatu, waiva kukudziridza kuva norugare chibvumirano pamusoro mashoko achitonga ari pasi paNebhukadhinezari of wokuLivonia Order kubva Russia. Asi kubatsira Knights German akakurumidza kusvika Mambo muPoland uye Sweden. Korol Sigizmund II nedzenyu rinoshamisa akakwanisa kutora hurongwa pasi yayo protectorate. Zvino mashoko chesungano Vilna wokuLivonia Order vakaguma kuvapo muna November 1561. Ndima yayo yakakamurwa pakati Lithuania uye Poland. Zvino Ivanu Groznomu pavaifanira pakarepo matatu vorongerwa simba: Duchy pamusoro Lithuania, Umambo Poland uye Swedish. With vapedzisira Zvisinei, chevaux pamusoro Muscovy aigona kukurumidza kuita rugare kwekanguva. Mumakore 1562-63 anotanga wechipiri pamwero mukuru chirongwa muGungwa reBaltic. Events wokuLivonia War, panguva ino, akaramba kukura zvakanaka. Zvisinei, pakati pezana 1560s kusvika pokupedzisira kugozha hukama pakati Ivanom Groznym uye boyars vakasarudzwa kufara. Zvinhu zvatowedzera zvinowedzerwa nokuda nezvokupanduka rimwe shamwari yepedyo yaJehovha yomuchinda Andreya Kurbskogo kuna Lithuania uye kusiya wake muvengi (chikonzero chakaita wamambo, rakanga riri kukura despotism of Moscow weutungamiriri uye kukanganisa yekare rusununguko zviri kwamachinda). Pashure chiitiko ichi, Ivan Grozny pakupedzisira mukukutu, achiona vakamupoteredza zvakasimba vatengesi. Noku izvi zvichiitika, uye vakakurirwa pamberi, iro rinotsanangura Muchinda vavengi zvemukati. Muna 1569, Lithuania uye Poland vakabatana kuva kusaroora kuti Kunosimbisa simba ravo. Mukupera 1560 wacho - mangwanani 70 nemauto Russian vanotambura nhevedzano vakakurirwa uye kunyange kurasikirwa nhare shoma. Tiine 1579 hondo nokuda Grand Duchy of Moscow yatova tichiwana zvikuru kuzvidzivirira zvakasikwa. Zvisinei, muna 1579 muvengi rakanga ratorwa Polotsk, ari 1580th - Great Bow, muna 1582, kupfuurira refu kukomba muPskov. Zviri pachena kuti kusaina rugare uye zororo nokuda hurumende pashure emakore rutsigiro rwemauto.
WokuLivonia War: zvishoma nezvemigumisiro
akagumisa The hondo kusaina kuti zvikuru vanoshorwa nokuda Moscow Plyusskogo uye gungwa Zapolskoho truces. Kuwana Sea reBaltic harina kugamuchirwa. Asi, Duke akazosangana simba uye vakaparadza nyika yakanga yakaoma zvikuru chinzvimbo. Zvakazokonzerwa wokuLivonia War wakakurumidza dzomunyika dambudziko kwakazokonzera Guru Troubles pakutanga XVI remakore.