Womubati Reserve. State Nature Biosphere Reserve

Muna 1741, pakundopambara inotungamirwa Mutungamiriri Vitus Bering, vakanga vawana Mutungamiriri Islands. Kwenguva refu vaiva pasingagarwi. Yokutanga Vagari vakatanga creoles uye Aleuts, uyo akatanga kuongorora chitsuwa muna 1825. Nhasi musha Nikolskoye musi Bering Island - Aleut musha, chete muna Russian Federation.

Kubva munhoroondo chengetedza

In Imperial nguva Mutungamiriri Islands vaiva mbava bhizimisi kusvikira papfuma yamambo. Kusingadzoreki kudiwa mhuka zvakakonzera zvinoparadza kwezvidhindo, izvo akaderedza zvikuru nhamba dzavo. Pakupera ari XIX remakore, basa rakatanga pamusoro rookeries dziviriro, kurambidzwa vokutanga kugadzirwa fur seal uye gungwa otters vakanga hwakatangwa. Kuzvidzora pamusoro wavo hove akabvumirwa muna 1911.

akavandudzika zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu nguva veSoviet. Muna 1958 iye rakarambidzwa hove makumi mamaira akapoteredza zviwi. The kuchengeterwa kuti remunharaunda kukosha rokutanga aoneka panyika ino muna 1980.

The zita "Mutungamiriri National Park" uye mamiriro Federal kwaakaitwa muna April 1993. Muna 2002 akagamuchira mamiriro "biosphere", riri pasi UNESCO kudzivirirwa.

nzvimbo

Mutungamiriri Reserve iri muna North Pacific. Ndima yayo iri rakatenderedzwa kumaodzanyemba kweGungwa Bering. Mukuru Islands - ndiyo kumadokero kumugumo chitsuwa of Aleutian chinhu chakakombama. Ndivo porusvingo pemvura anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uye ine zvitsuwa hukuru siyana 15.

Kamchatka, Mutungamiriri Islands

Kumboda zviri freestanding matombo maduku. Remasangano kwavari - chitsuwa Bering. Its gomo rakareba - gomo Steller, ane kureba iri 755 metres. Uyewo zvakafanira kuti govera chitsuwa wakajeka pakati Copper. Zviri chitsuwa sandarara uye pasi.

Komandorskii-Aleutian chinhu chakakombama anoumbwa dombo kuputika. Pazvitsuwa izvi, kuputika basa iri usatsungirira, uye kudengenyeka kuitika kazhinji. Izvi chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine kuduku (Kashoma kusvika 5-6).

Reserve "Mutungamiriri": tsananguro

Mutungamiriri yezvitsuwa. Izvi Aleutian nharaunda (Kamchatka Krai). Zvinosanganisira uye yegungwa yeGungwa Bering uye Pacific. The zvachose nzvimbo kuchengeterwa - 3.648.679 hectares. Ndima iyi zvinosanganisira 3.463.300 hectares mugungwa nzvimbo uye 185 379 ha nyika.

The kuchengeterwa iri kumaodzanyemba pachitsuwa Bering. Uyezve, zvinotora Arius Stone Island uye Copper Island, izvo kurongwa nenzira tsindirana boka kumabvazuva Kamchatka.

Mutungamiriri Reserve rakakamurwa muzvikamu, izvo vanodzivirirwa pakawanda:

• akadzivirira Musimboti, apo mabasa evanhu hazvibvumidzwe, uye ayo kupindira dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa;
• buffer munyika dzine, izvo akabvumira shoma hove uye zvishomanana ezvoupfumi basa.

okunze

Mukuru Islands vari kumaodzanyemba kweGungwa Bering mu neledovitoy. Pano hwakazara inotonhora yechirimo uye nekaupenyu nepakati muchando. Zvinenge zvose mwedzi pane mazuva apo mhepo iri kuvhuvhuta pazvitsuwa nokukurumidza kukuru - anopfuura 108 makiromita paawa.

Zvinangwa uye mabasa ose chengetedza

On Mutungamiriri wacho kuchengeterwa vaipiwa mabasa:

• kudzivirirwa dzakadaro uye zvomumvura mvura yakabatana nayo, kuti tichengetedze yepanyama mamiriro zvinhu zvakagara;
• tsvakurudzo, utariri rondedzero zvakasikwa;
• kwezvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa uye dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza;
• Musumo munharaunda yacho biosphere kuchengeterwa utariri miitiro regai kuparadza zvakatipoteredza uye asingauyi deplete zvoutachiona mari;
• kukurudzira kudzivirira zvenhoroondo, tsika uye dzinza nhaka.

Nokuda zvipenyu kusiyana zvomumvura kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, non-oma mvura yechando nzvimbo inzvimbo zvokudya vazhinji mvura shiri, kuvapo mungozi, mashoma uye endemic eshiri uye mhuka. Kamchatka nharaunda hakuna yakaenzana pamusoro chengetedza kukosha.

zvirimwa

Nemiti uye Fauna of nharaunda chinosanganisira 383 mhando vascular zvinomera uye 158 - algae. Kuburikidza Mutungamiriri Islands, rokumabvazuva muganhu kundima, apo 93 mhando zvisingawanzoitiki zvinomera vakapararira. Hapana masango. Chero pfungwa Commodores akatonga achinaya mvura. Chete kupota anogona kuwanikwa pano vashoma shrub Rowan uye the willow. Below vari kukura dogwood Swedish, luazeleriya recumbent, dema crowberry, phyllodoce Aleutian uye zvitema.

Rekushongedzesa ari kuchengeterwa raimiririra anemon raznotsvetkovoy, coils viviparous, goldthread-sheeted matatu, horsetail chando. Anemone raznotsvetkovaya kazhinji achitambura nokuda kworunako kwayo. Maruva aya kujairika kazhinji wakagumiswa nokuita akasungwa, pasinei nokuti chirimwa iri muchetura.

Panewo dzimwe nemiti: Siberian omujunipa, honeysuckle novuchi akasimuka tupoushkovy dzinodyiwa.

Munguva Mafuro vanokura petsanga dlinnoostistaya, Dactylorhiza spinous, horsetail, Geranium pushistotsvetkovaya, Iris setosa, bvudzi uswa chakakombama.

mhuka

Womubati Reserve ine guru nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana. Pane vakanyorwa 25 mhando mhuka, 25 - hove, 213 - shiri. Pano mhuka, pane mhando pano matanhatu. Ndiwo mashoko American mink, zvitema gava Mednovskiy, wachena gonzo, tsvuku wakakombama vole, imba negonzo, ari poro. Vose vagere Bering Island.

Kunyanya kuzivikanwa hunhu kuchengeterwa kudzivirirwa makuru rookeries zvemhuka zvomumvura, gungwa shumba uye kuchamhembe gungwa neshumba. mhuka idzi vanoumba kwemajoini rookery - zviuru masumbu pamhenderekedzo.

Zvisimbiso ndezvaJehovha mhando fork zvisimbiso. Izvi zvinonyanya vakawanda zvomumvura mhando, izvo vakarumbidza kuchengeterwa munyika. Northern gungwa shumba (shumba) vashoma mu Komandorsky chengetedza. Spotted seal - zvisimbiso rakanyatsojeka kusingawanikwi mhuka Islands. Vanorarama pamusoro kumahombekombe kumboongororwa uye mawere chacho. Izvi mhuka zvomumvura zvinoshamisa runako uye nyasha pamwe variegated ruvara.

Anthurium - atumidzwa chitsuwa zvisimbiso vechigaro boka zvisimbiso. Dzimwe mhuka inonzi "Chisimbiso-ruva" nemhaka kujairika rweganda: pamusoro shava kana rima pfumbu kumashure rwavanhu huru tsvuku uye chena makwapa akasvibirika dziri marin'i. Anthurium - zvisingawanzoitiki mhuka, saka vari pasi pehurumende kudzivirira.

Kamchatka (Russia) dzinowanzotsigi- inogarwa zvomugungwa. beaked Whale Mutungamiriri uyu, humpback shato huru, kuchamhembe zvitema shato huru, uye vamwe.

In Komandorsky Reserve rinochengetedza endemic vakawanda rebhuruu gava (polar gava). Upenyu mhuka idzi izere ngozi uye apererwa hondo. Inenge 40% kubva puppies yebhuruu makava vanourayiwa. Vamwe vavo kuputsa kubva pamatombo vauraya vamwe zvikara makuru.

shiri

Reserve Wehondo - nesting nzvimbo gungwa uye mvura shiri, uyewo chemabhazi kuti waterfowl uye waders panguva kutama. Falcon dendere pazvitsuwa, glaucous mapapiro yegungwa, Rukodzi runonzi norukodzi, tsvuku-Clitocybe.

Kuramba dendere pano anenge shiri miriyoni, vamiririri nemapfumbamwe marudzi. Vazhinji fulmars, zvakajairika murre, dema guillemots vanhuwo, hatchets. Fulmars vanonzi saka nokuda kungobvuma: havachipo kutya vanhu. A hatchets, kana mativi akafa, saka akadana nokuda chairwo Maumbirwe muromo, izvo chaizvo zvakafanana katemo. Vane chechipiri zita - gungwa remaparrot. Munguva kuberekesana nguva, zvakatoitika yakajeka ruvara shiri idzi chinotonyanya zvinoshamisa.

Vachitsvaka zvokudya, shiri idzi anogona svetuka kuti zvikuru pakadzika (anosvika 10 m). Varambe pemvura kwemaminitsi maviri, hove, kwenguva refu abatwa asina kusunungurwa. Vanogona panguva kutsigirwa mayo kusvikira nehove 12.

ushanyi

Nhasi, akawandisa vatinonamata vagari uye vashanyi kubva kunze kwenyika vauye Mutungamiriri wacho kuchengeterwa, kuyemura kunoshamisa kunoita nzvimbo idzi. Ari kuchengeterwa dzinorongwa musango mudungwe munzira kuti kubatsira kunzwisisa kusiyana fauna of uye kasvisto. Routes vanomhanya musi Bering Island uye Copper anoziva shiri muzvitsuwa Toporkov uye Ary Kamen.

Uyezve, pano unogona kuona nhoroondo nzvimbo kuti kuudza nezvenhoroondo nyika yedu. Muna November 1741, ari packet-chikepe "Musande Petro", iro akatungamirirwa Mutungamiriri Vitus Bering, akakandwa kubva musi kumahombekombe kumboongororwa panguva dutu.

Zviwi, iyo gare gare vakanga ainzi Mutungamiriri, yakava rutivi Russia, uyewo Alaska nezvimwe zvitsuwa Aleutian chinhu chakakombama. Uye zvakafanana murenje chitsuwa, wainzi Bering Island, akava utiziro okupedzisira nokuda guru wavarwi neshamwari dzake dzakatendeka.

Muna 1867, Alaska uye kuti Aleutian Islands vakatengeswa kuti US, uye chete inaccuracy ari chiratidzo nenzvimbo Data vari chibvumirano, vaiona chitsuwa yakaramba kuti Russia.

Pashure matongo Kucherwa (1922), kunorwa musasa akakurumbira uye kuvigwa yakawanikwa. Rakanga inoitwa reburial pamusoro chikwata uye Mutungamiriri Bering. Kubvira ipapo, apo pakapinda nyika zvakare yava rikwezve kwazvo vashanyi vanoda kunamata asingatyi vaongorori Russian kune wechipiri Kamchatka rwendo.

chengetedza muoti

Pasinei utsinye ekunze hunowedzera uye achida zvikuru kushanyira Mutungamiriri Islands ose gore. Zvikuru akanaka mwedzi kushanyira nzvimbo idzi July, August uye September. Nhasi, vanhu vashoma zvinonakidza migwagwa yakatanga muna chengetedza. Uyezve, unogona kuwana vanopfuura yokushanyira rookeries ose zvomumvura mhuka. Pano uchaona akawandisa mhuka uye kukwanisa kuita pikicha kukuru.

Kudzokera ikoko

Pamberi Mutungamiriri Islands ingasvikwa nendege, herikoputa kana gungwa. Kubva Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky kuna Bering Island unofanira kukunda 735 makiromita. Marine Tours ari Mutungamiriri wacho Reserve vakarongwa nguva dzose.

apo kugara

Kazhinji, vashanyi vari raitenda kuti usiku mumusha Nikolskoye. Kazhinji, musangano emvura Tours kupa pekugara muna hwomutambarakede cabins ngarava.