Yepasi pemvura Project 641: zvikepe, mapikicha

Mumazuva Yemashoko Hondo pakati USSR uye USA pagungwa pakava stalemate: rumwe rutivi, kuti Yankees haana matambudziko pamusoro zvikepe (kusanganisira chombo vatakuri), asi munyika yedu rengarava (kusanganisira somugumisiro undercover chivande) munzvimbo iyi yaiva simba zvikuru. Asi Soviet Union yakanga yepasi pemvura. Kusiyana-siyana, paiva guru: kubva vaduku kunogona kuonekwawo pane "kunyanya kundoredza," kune huru "shark."

Pasinei chokwadi kuti huru unoshamisa simba nyika yedu panguva iyoyo zvaiva chombo zvenyukireya, kunyange mwero Diesel-emagetsi yepasi pemvura Project 641 akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha munhoroondo shipbuilding.

nguva New - zvimwe zvinodiwa

By yechipiri yezana 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore zvakava pachena kuti "mukadzi wekare" chirongwa 611 zvinodiwa itsva kare regai kunyorerana. VokuAmerica panguva iyoyo kare kwazvo waishandiswa zvaMambo zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, asi muna Soviet Union akaita chikuru bheji pamusoro chaiwo mazano, uye ndizvo zvairi.

The apa ndechokuti Diesel injini, pasinei gangaidzo zvingaita, riri yakanyarara zvikuru kupfuura atomu: chinetso ekupedzisira muna vibration, ruzha kubva nokushanda chiutsi emagetsi uye condensing dzakabatana. Diesel chete yepasi pemvura anyatsofukidzwa kuenda vachingoshandisa nemagetsi uye saka ruzha kwavari yakaderera chaizvo.

Kudomwa Project 641 zvikepe

Kufanana nowakautangira, yepasi pemvura chirongwa 641 akaitirwa kufukidza nepagungwa convoys, kudzivirirwa wezvokutengeserana uye kutaurirana nevezvokutengeserana, kuchengetedza kubatana. Asi motokari itsva iyi aifanira nani akurumidze kuita, mukuru kuzvionera, nani mararamiro uye upenyu rikarira uye chinhu chikuru - kuunza yekudyidzana mamwe zvombo mundege.

The vashandi zvaisanganisira vanhu 70, kusanganisira vanhu 12 - vatariri. Nokuti zvose takasikwa ezvinhu kwazvo panguva upenyu, panguva chirongwa 611 magwa musimbise. Zvikurukuru panokwanisika raiva yepasi pemvura B-427 641 chirongwa.

The chikuru zvechadenga Ngarava dzepasi pemvura itsva

Anokonzera akagadzira akaita chazezesa vagadziri SA Egorov uye ZA Deribina. Corpus kukura kwavo kunoratidzwa pasi muchaungudza uye zvinooneka raiiswa, "truncated" hunde. The yokupedzisira chakaitwa kuti maximize ari seaworthiness yacho yepasi pemvura dzakatanga. Boats basa iri riri kusiyaniswa raidudzwa fairings mumhino, izvo zvinoshanda anobvumawo siyana radar uye nezvimwewo.

Kana midziyo, ari mupanda wokutanga - dzinozivikanwa munhu Avangard. Yepasi pemvura Project 641 chikepe aigona moto torpedoes kuti kudzika 80 mamita. The mupanda wechipiri akanga mupenyu, paiva, kusanganisira, uye saloon. Saizvozvowo mupanda pasi uriri planking, ivo vagadziri vakaisa bhatiri rongedza. Wechina waiva (dzinozivikanwa) nzvimbo hofisi nechepakati riri.

Uyezve, kwakanga vachigarawo kabhini uye chimwezve bhatiri rongedza. The chikamu chechishanu - Diesel, dziri muna zvinotevera michini yemagetsi, uye chechipiri, kuti, wechinomwe, kunobva negadziriro yeparutivi Avangard sepombi.

The pakuonekwa kwakadai chikepe zvakare dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira chaizvo noruzhowa rwakatenderedza kabhini. Zviri saka "akakura" pamusoro pake hapana rinobuda. Mukuwedzera, fairing pamusoro mhino, izvo isu kare kutaurwa, hakusi chete zvemagetsi, asiwo gasi nzira yokubudisa uye midziyo kupa Diesel injini pasi pemvura.

The Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Vakanga vakabata ichi mhando?

The chikuru chombo - nhanhatu uta Avangard sepombi, izvo mukwanisi mana mamwe zvokudya. Asi zvose chete inokosha - nasal, achangogara vari takashongedzerwa uchinyanya kutsanya recharging hurongwa. The zvachose zvombo - 22 torpedoes. Ava vaisanganisira wokutanga uye "telemetry" womuenzaniso, rinosundwa waya. Asi tsika, muuto danidziro kazhinji kutora maminitsi 1/3, dzichiritsiva pavo torpedoes. Kuderedza ari vachiridzira muitiro asangana yakaoma "Leningrad-641".

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Vakanga vakabata torpedoes zvenyukireya warheads, asi vakanga chinangwa chete kudenha muvengi pamusoro ngarava.

injini nokurondedzerwa

Mwoyo yepasi pemvura zvitatu chete Diesel 37D womuenzaniso. Vari vakapakata gazoturbonadduvom, kudzivirirwa kubva huru zvikamu hombe bulkhead soundproofing. Sezvatakamboreva, nokuti pasi pemvura kosi kusangana dzemagetsi Motors mbiri zvizivikanwe PG-101. Inogona mumwe nomumwe 1350 litres. a. Pane negadziriro yeparutivi injini PG-102, ane simba pakarepo zvapano 2700 Pane chinhu mari 140-horsepower PG-104. Rinoshandiswa muzviitiko kana unofanira kuchengetedza zvinhu, "akagara" pachigaro chete nomubato pamwe PG-102.

Nokuti sangano chikepe anogona kushandisa vatatu propellers, danho iyo inogona pamadiro akachinjwa vashandi. Pamusoro pemvura rakashandiswa kufamba Diesel, izvo panguva iyoyo undoraira mabhatiri.

Vanamakanika

miseve matatu screws, danho iyo inogona kuchinjwa nokuda rakarira. All zvidzoreso kudzika uye mirayiridzo yakanga matatu chete nemotokari: hydraulic, yemagetsi uye manual, hunonziwo "wokupedzisira mukana". The akaisawo otomatiki Kudzikamiswa "Marble" wokutanga raishandiswa, izvo hwezvekukurukurirana basa vashandi kwazvo uye vachiongorora nzvimbo yepasi pemvura iri muchadenga.

energetics

Pakutanga igwa akagadzawo rechargeable bhatiri 46SU womuenzaniso, vakabva chikatsiviwa zvikuru nesimba uye capacious 48cm. Total muchikepe yepasi pemvura yaiva 448 masero. Zvinogoneka kuti pane mamwe magwa yaigona kushandiswa bhatiri muchiso 60SU. Dzavo dzinotaura inowanikwa vanoverengeka Zvikamu pamusoro netsamba kuti vanoshanda mungarava dzepasi pegungwa Soviet (zvikurukuru, raireva boka yepasi pemvura B-427 641 chirongwa), asi zvino, zvichida, tine senguva inaccuracy.

zvinhu zvitsva zviri pamusoro-bhodhi michina

In magadzirirwo chikepe waisanganisira mhando itsva Akash, radar uye kufamba midziyo, vamwe yepamusorosoro (nokuti nguva idzodzo) michina. Kuziva pamusoro huru vachishandisa radar hurongwa "mureza" uye yemhando dzepamusoro MG-10 hydrophone vanogona kugamuchira anonongedzera kwete chete yake, asi vamwe "asdikov". Inoshanda chete chinangwa yakaoma "Arktika-M", uyo nguva dzose anoita yezviri nzira.

Kana ukatenga muenzaniso yepasi pemvura B-28 Project 641, tinogona kuona vakawanda mumhino, iro raigara ose Electronics.

Nokuti pusa kuchengetedzwa muchikepe ndiye "Chiedza M", iro rinoburitsa kunyange vanotozozviziva vamwe Akash pulses. ELINT anoitwa kunzwisisa "freewheeling". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakuburitswa kwacho pamasikiro nezvikepe izvi inongogara kuita kuchinja, uye saka anorondedzera nomazvo zvose zvokusarudza pamusoro-bhodhi midziyo hakushandi. Modernized yepasi pemvura kuyambuka pasi chiratidzo 641B.

The chikuru zvainovhiringidzawo hwokushanda mashoko

Pakutanga kuvakwa mainjiniya akawana kuti kumahombekombe kuti vakachengeteka nokuti mazuvaano yemabhii chirongwa rakapotsa hapana. Uye nekuti kuripisa okupedzisira Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzino, ivo Re zvakagadzirirwa anenge ari vanoenda. Somugumisiro kuchinja izvi kwave zvachose kuzodzosera akashongedzerwa uye apiwa akaronga mupanda wechishanu, vagadziri kwakatsiva Diesel injini zvikuru yakavimbika, yokutsiva vakanga pasi pomureza mabhatiri.

In kumavirira, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura izvi nokukurumidza pakuzivikanwa se Foxtrot. It aiva mumwe Ngarava dzepasi pemvura rokutanga muzvirongwa kuti zvakave chirwirangwe vatsigiri vari pakati Warsaw chibvumirano, uyewo dzimwe, nyika aifarira-Soviet. Somuenzaniso, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura maviri pakarepo mushure zvivako mumaoko Poland uye India zvavo vaisa chaiyo yepasi pemvura, waiva wandei kusiyana chakakomba kubva pakutanga ubate.

Saka, pane vakaiswa mabhatiri zvakasiyana, aiva upenyu hurefu kana kushanda pane mukuru tembiricha iri mupanda rechina yakanga yabviswa cabins maviri chete, nokudaro uri yepasi pemvura vakakwanisa kuisa mhepo kutonhodza hurongwa, uyewo mudonzvo vave zvikuru kwakawedzera tichikwanisa mvura yakachena. Sezvo ndaifanira izvozvo, redu yepasi pemvura B-28 641 chirongwa, kumanikidzwa pane imwe nguva refu vangandivanzirireiko vokuAmerica munzvimbo dzinopisa!

Current mamiriro Park

Total kunze (dzakakudzingai yeGutsaruzhinji bloc nyika) vakapfuura 13 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvakadaro, akadzitora, zvikurukuru, Libya uye Cuba. Parizvino, magwa aya chaizvo amubvise rwisana basa kuIndia, chicherwa nepakati 2000s, vakatumwa zvikepe zviviri Poland, njodzi zororo harizivikanwi. Ungangove, ivo chete yandaurayira chinyorwa. In basa nyika yedu iri Diesel-dzinofambiswa chikepe chirongwa 641 (akafanana, mashoko vari sketchy), asi zvirokwazvo achakurumidza kunyorwa kure, sezvo nhasi kutsiva ekare okunatsiridza vari "vakanciq", uye vamwe Diesel-dzemagetsi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Uyewo, mumwe kopi ari mubasa pamwe Ukrainian Navy (uye ndiyo chete yepasi pemvura munzvimbo idzodzo). Chokwadi, mamiriro ezvinhu motokari akadaro kuti rave kakawanda aida kutema simbi, sezvo kugadzirisa raro kare seisingashandi. Kuti kunongova ndechokuti muna 2012 chikepe ichi kokutanga mumakore 20, ndokusiya vadzore mugungwa. Ukrainians ikanunura chete kuti 641 chirongwa (Ngarava dzepasi pemvura), iro rine mufananidzo Representatives munyaya, akanga akavimbika kwazvo kubva waishandiswa pfungwa maonero.

Cuban Chombo dambudziko

In kumadokero yepasi pemvura iri mhando yava dzakakurumbira kwazvo munguva iri Cuban chombo dambudziko. Vaiitawo nokutyora blockade pamusoro Cuba, uye nhamba chaiyo Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzinobatanidzwa mukushanda hatizvizivi nhasi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti paiva Ngarava dzepasi pemvura chirongwa 641 19 Brigade. The zvokuchenesa aifanira kushanda ezvinhu akaoma, sezvo tembiricha iri nezvikamu dzimwe nguva yakasvika 60 Celsius, uye kuyangarara pamusoro kufefetedza uye vakaraira bhatiri vasingagoni kuva, kuitira kuti vasaonekwa nevanhu nematare US. Haiwa, asi zimbabwe yepasi pemvura Project 641 asina mhepo kutonhodza ...

In ezvinhu akaoma zvakadaro, zvikwata, uye kunyange yepasi pemvura wamauto dzimwe nguva mumazuva mashomanana akanga asina pfungwa zvaiitika munyika, uye havasi Soviet Union uye United States vachingotya hondo yenyukireya. Chete unyanzvi mukuru uye akadzikama wakavarambidza njodzi incredible. Pashure pezvose, muchikepe neimwe yepasi pemvura vaiva torpedoes zvenyukireya warheads!

Pane uchapupu hwokuti ari 60s kwave zviitiko kunyorerana magwa anenge 641 purojekiti with American kuvaparadzi. Zvikurukuru yokufananidzira nyaya, aimbova muna 1962. Underwater chikepe purojekiti 641 nokuwanda B-36 kwenguva refu kuti vaende pedyo Cuba, kubudirira kutamira kure US Navy vasabatwa. Humwe usiku, munguva yokungoitawo unokwira, iye akaonekwa mungarava ane vaparadzi zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira American, vashandi vemo izvo (pasina nyevero) akaita Anti-yepasi pemvura Avangard kanda.

Sezvineiwo, vashandi vemo of B-36 akaita nouchenjeri uye nguva dzose. The Kurwisa kutiza, asi ... vekuAmerica kare vakatevera chikepe (kuenda rakadzika zvakanga zvisingabviri, ari mabhatiri vari pauri) uye dumped zvazvingava rake firecrackers uye kunyange zvavo magirinedhi, unopfuura Glusha Eteri. Pasi teregiramu Moscow akanga chete wechisere kuedza.

Pasinei nokushorwa, vashandi vemo akakwanisa kutyora kubva nokutsvaka. Uye kunyange pashure paizvozvo, igwa akaramba kutakura nokuenda kuna Kola Peninsula chete pashure akawanda bhatiri riri kunze kuti ari kurwisana pabasa. Akadaro aiva vashandi ari yepasi pemvura B-28 Project 641, asi pakanga pasina Avangard kurwiswa.