Acetic anhydride: zvivako, kugadzirira uye kushandisa

Anhydrides pakati carboxylic acids - vari zvivezwa zvokusava nemvura yacho mamorekuru. Ava vanoonekwa ne isomerism biosoedineny radicals. Kana zita carboxylic asidhi anhydrides anowanzodanwa kushandiswa Nomenclature nhoroondo (semuenzaniso, anhydride, acetic acid, maleic anhydride, etc.). Panguva kuwedzera carboxylic acids dehydrating nevasori (yemanyorero phosphorus oxide) rinowanika nemvura yavo, zvichiguma nokuumbwa carboxylic asidhi anhydrides.

Acetic anhydride: Kugadzirira

The rokuremekedza remubatanidzwa vakawana inogona kusuka nzira dzakawanda. Nokuti kwayo kwetunhu anowanzodanwa kushandiswa phosphorus oxide, inova simba chaizvo dehydrating mumiririri. Panewo dzimwe nzira kuti kwetunhu anhydride. Somuenzaniso, acetic anhydride kunogona kuwanikwa pasi zvinoitwa phosphate sezvo acetate asidhi anhydride. The kutonhora kwacho inowedzerwa dropwise SN3SOS1 mumwe PARTICIPLE paminiti PARTICIPLE dewatered uye akaoma kwazvo asidhi-yavaibvisa acetate. The zvichiguma muvhenganiswa yakanga neshungu zvine mwero uye synthesized acetic anhydride yakanga yabviswa ari kugeza jecha uye ipapo yakaidzwa DISTILLATION. Somugumisiro kushanda anogadzirwa hwema zvakasimba mvura acetate acid.

Acetic anhydride, uye shoma-samolecular zvinhu - mvura unopinza kwakanaka, kushanda insoluble nemvura nyore soluble akawanda Organic zvinhu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti anhydrides kuvakuru carboxylic acids (kunyanya vakaomerwa) - nezvishoma odorless. Dzavo achibika tembiricha yekudyidzana kupfuura unoenderana carboxylic acids.

Acetic anhydride: Chemical Properties

remubatanidzwa ichi inowanzoshandiswa nokuda nhengo dzakawanda makirasi siyana Organic zvinhu nokuda nzira makemikari kwetunhu. In maitiro anhydrides nemvura kupa mamorekuru maviri runoenzanirana acid.

Amonoliz anhydrides kunotungamirira kuti paumbwe amides uye Ammonium munyu pamusoro porusvingo carboxylic acids. Zvinoitwa kushandiswa kuwana alkoliza pamwe anhydrides esters.

Acetal anhydride rinoshandiswa sezvo dehydrating uye acetylating mutumwa ari kugadzirwa kwacho atsetiltselyulozy, vinyl acetate, mishonga, dimethylacetamide, colorants, zvinonhuwirira zvinhu, etc. Acetate aldehyde ari muchishungurudza kune kufema turakiti, maziso, uye kukonzera ganda kutsva.

Cellulose acetate yakawanikwa nokuda chiito pamusoro cellulose acetate anhydride pamberi anowedzera (iine acid sulphate). Kukwana acetylation akagadzira mono- uye cellulose diacetates. Va- uye cellulose triacetate zvaishandiswa pakugadzira acetate sirika. Nokuti chinangwa ichi vari zvazvichanyungudutswa musanganiswa acetone uye panyaya iyi (85:15) kana wakachena acetone. Viscous inotoda vakawana riri extruded kuburikidza chaiwo filters. Mutete micheka chemhinduro uchaomesa uye dzikava nezvitsvuku, dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira dzakasiyana siyana mavara chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers.

The maindasitiri mafomu anoshandiswa nezvimwe anhydrides. Maleic anhydride - crystalline fuma, tsime soluble mumvura uye iri acetone, inonyunguduka pa 52,85 ° C. Kazhinji, izvi zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kubva maleic acid. Rinoshandiswa kugadzirwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene, polyester uye alkyd Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti. Phthalic anhydride anogadzirwa nokuda oxidation kuti naphthalene. The yokupedzisira rinoshandiswa nokuda kwetunhu kukura vanosimudzira, zvipembenene, uyewo vamwe mishonga. Phthalic anhydride - crystalline hwakasimba ane utsotso zvokusvika 128 ° C. Akati anhydride inoshandiswa kuwana Phenolphthalein (chakarurama uye medicament). anhydride iyi inoshandiswa kugadzirwa nomushonga wezvipembenene (dimethyl phthalate).