Akawana Africa uye mugore ripi

Panyaya akawana Africa uye mugore ripi, haagoni kupa mhinduro chaiwo. Kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo yacho Black aizivikanwa kuti vokuEurope kare kare. Libya neIjipiti zvaiva chikamu choUmambo hweRoma.

Kudzidza nzvimbo dzakakomberedza dzemusub -Saharan Africa, kwakatangwa muna Portuguese Chizvarwa Discovery. Zvisinei, dzomunyika dziri kondinendi African yakaramba unexplored kusvikira pezana XIX remakore.

kare

The vokuFenikiya rakavakwa yeMediterranean nemaguta akawanda-misha, kupfuura inozivikanwa rakanga muCarthage. Yakanga vanhu vatengesi uye kuvafambisi vengarava. Around 600 BC vokuFenikiya vakatakura ngarava dzakawanda vaifamba kumativi Africa. Ivo nechikepe kubva paGungwa Dzvuku muIjipiti, vakananga kumaodzanyemba mhenderekedzo, vakagumisa kuti kondinendi, akatendeuka kuchamhembe, pakupedzisira vakawira muGungwa reMediterranean dzavakaberekerwa vakadzokera. Saka, kutanga kuona Africa, zvinogona kunzi vokuFenikiya yekare.

The rwendo kubva Hanno

Vakapona bhuku rekare kutsanangura rwendo kuenda kumhenderekedzo Senegal VaFenikiya kumativi 500 BC. Mutungamiri rwendo rwakanga aidzidzisa kuti muCarthage. Ndiyo kare kare mumwe mufambi pakati pevaya wawanikwa Africa. Uyu zita Gannon.

rengarava dzacho ngarava 60 vaibva muCarthage, vakayambuka Strait of Gibraltar uye vakatamira achitevedza Moroccan pamhenderekedzo. Pane VaFenikiya makazviteya akawanda dzaitongwa uye takatamira mberi. Modern dzekare vanobvuma kuti Gannon asvika, dzinenge Senegal. Zvichida yokunyanyisa pfungwa kunorwa vakava Cameroon kana Gabon.

Arab mishandirapamwe

Pakazosvika XIII remakore AD, North Africa yakakundwa nokuda vaMuslim. Vakabva mberi. Kumabvazuva, pamwe rwaNire kuna Nubia, kumadokero - mhiri Sahara Mauritania. mashoko echokwadi pamusoro gore chii akazarura navaArabhu Africa, haana riparare. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kupararira Islam pakati dema Vagari yacho kwakaitika XIV remakore-yacho IX.

Early Portuguese nzendo

VokuEurope vanofarira kondinendi dzevatema XV remakore. Portuguese Prints Enrike (Heinrich), anonzi Navigator, zvakanyatsorongwa Akaongorora kumahombekombe Africa vachitsvaka gungwa kuenda kuIndia. Muna 1420, kuti Portuguese akasimbisa yokugara pachitsuwa Madeira, uye muna 1431 akataura ayo ndima Azores. nzvimbo idzi vava yemberi nzendo bhuku pfungwa.

Muna 1455 uye 1456 vatsvakurudzi maviri Alvise Cadamosto kubva Venice uye USUS od Mare kuGenoa zvikepe yakasvika muromo Gambia uye kumhenderekedzo Senegal. Panguva iyoyowo, imwe aiongorora Italian Antonio De Noli vawana muzvitsuwa Cape Verde. Zvadaro akava mubati wayo wokutanga. Vafambi zvose izvi, uyo akazarura vokuEurope kuna Africa, vaiva pabasa Portuguese muchinda Enrique. Takarongwa rwendo rwavo yakawanikwa Senegal, Gambia neGuinea.

zvimwe zvidzidzo

Asi pashure pokufa Henry ari Navigator, kuti nzendo Portuguese achitevedza African pamhenderekedzo mberi. Muna 1471 Fernan Gomes akazarura nyika Ghana zvikuru. goridhe. Muna 1482 Diogo Kahn akawana muromo rwizi guru, uye ndakadzidza nezvokuvapo oumambo chikuru Congo. Portuguese yakatangwa West Africa dzinoverengeka akavakirirwa nhare. Vakatengesa vemo nevatongi gorosi uye jira mukutsinhana goridhe uye varanda.

Asi kutsvaka nzira kuIndia mberi. Muna 1488, Bartolomeu Dias asvika Kumaodzanyemba pfungwa yacho African. Iye akanzi Cape of Good Hope. Paakabvunzwa nezvake uye kana akavhura Africa, kazhinji mupfungwa chiitiko ichi.

Pakupedzisira, Vasco da Gama, achisiya Cape of Good Hope, akapinda mberi uye muna 1498 asvika India. Munziramo akaona Mozambique uye Mombasa, akawana zvisaririra zviri Chinese vatengesi.

Dutch Colonisation

Kubvira XVII remakore, Dutch vakatangawo kupinda mu Africa. Ivo akatanga West Indian uye East India Company kuti nyuchi munyika mhiri kwemakungwa, uye vaifanira kuti zvenguva zvengarava kuenda Asia. The Portuguese vakaedza kumisa vavariro kweNetherlands. Vaiti munhu akavhura Africa yokutanga, uye mumwe anofanira varidzi kondinendi. War dzakatevera pakati rinoti apo chiDutch vakakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo iri kondinendi.

Muna muna 1652 Jan Van Riebeeck akavaka guta Cape Town, waiva mavambo Colonisation yeSouth Africa.

The vavariro dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope

Kuwedzera kune Portuguese uye Dutch, dzimwe inoti aida kutanga nyika pamusoro kondinendi. Vose pamwero anogona kunzi neavo vakaona Africa, nekuti nharaunda dzakakomberedza dzemusub -Saharan Africa vaiva panguva iyoyo zvachose unexplored, uye mumwe rwendo akaita zvinhu zvitsva.

Nechekare muna 1530 vatengesi yeBritain akatanga kuchinjanisa muWest Africa, achiuya apesane pamwe Portuguese mauto. Muna 1581 Frensis Dreyk asvika Cape of Good Hope. Muna 1663, Britain akavaka Fort James muna Gambia.

France ane ziso rayo pamusoro Madagascar. Muna 1642 iri French East India Company akasimbisa yokugara iri kumaodzanyemba rinonzi Fort Dauphin. Coleen De flacourtia yakabudisa memoir nenguva yake kuMadagascar, iyo nguva refu akashanda kwainyanya mashoko pamusoro chitsuwa.

Muna 1657 vatengesi Swedish nheyo kugarwa of Cape Coast kuGhana, asi pasina nguva yanzwa vokuDenmark, uyo akavamba Fort Christiansborg pedyo vemazuva Accra.

Muna 1677, ivo Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm Ndakatumira pakundopambara kumavirira kweAfrica. Mukuru rwendo, Captain Blonk akavaka nzvimbo inonzi Gross Fridrihburg uye akadzorera isingachashandiswi Portuguese nhare pakati Arguin. Asi muna 1720, Mambo akafunga kutengesa nechepasi kuNetherlands kuti 7000 ducats.

Studies of XIX remakore

In XVII-XVIII emakore, rose kweAfrica rave zvakarurama kwazvo kudzidza. Asi mukati mundima kondinendi vakawanda akaramba ari "chena pachivara". Vaya vakawana Africa, vakanga vakabatikana achibvisa mubereko pane kwesainzi. Asi pakati XIX remakore uye kure negungwa nzvimbo kwave nyaya mubereko yacho vokuEurope. Muna 1848 zvakanzi yakavhurwa Mount Kilimanjaro, pamusoro iyo yakafukidzwa nesinou. The kujairika zvakaita Africa, wamboonekwa mhando zvemhuka uye miti anokwezvwa masayendisiti European.

Catholic uye mamishinari echiPurotesitendi aida kupinda vanyura kondinendi kunoparidza chiKristu pakati pevaya kujairana marudzi.

David Livingstone

At pakutanga XIX remakore vokuEurope ainyatsoziva ndiye Africa apo. Asi zvikuru havaratidzi kunzwisisa kuti zviri mukati. Mumwe vanhu akawana Africa kubva kumwe rweguta, aiva mumishinari wokuScotland David Livingstone. Akaita shamwari nevanhu vomunzvimbo yacho uye kokutanga akashanyira kupfuura kure kumatunhu yacho.

Muna 1849 Livingstone akayambuka Kalahari Desert uye akasangana ikoko wamboonekwa kuti vokuEurope Bushmen rudzi. Muna 1855, apo mumugwagwa Zambezi River , akazarura zvinoshamisa kunaka mapopoma, uyo akasarudza kupa zita British Queen Victoria. Kare muna Britain, Livingstone yakabudisa bhuku pamusoro rwendo rwake, izvo zvakakonzera kusingaenzaniswi mubereko uye vakapfuurira kutengesa makopi 70,000.

Muna 1858, kuti muongorori vakadzokera Africa. Akadzidza ari muudzame Lake Nyasa uye rakapoteredza. bhuku yechipiri rakanyorwa pakazopera rwacho. Pashure paizvozvo Livingstone atanga yake rwendo rwechitatu yokupedzisira. Chinangwa chacho chaiva kuwana rweNile. Livingstone Akaongorora Great Lakes mudunhu. The rweNile, aisagona ariwana, asi vakanyora mamiriro ayo vazhinji wamboonekwa ndima.

Livingston haana chete chinoshamisa mutsvakurudzi asiwo humanist kukuru. Vaisada uranda uye rusaruraganda.

Saka akawana Africa?

The mhinduro chete yakarurama yomubvunzo uyu haako. Hazvibviri kutaura kuti chokwadi akawana Africa uye ari mugore chii. Uye kwete chete nokuti kuchamhembe chikamu kondinendi ichi chinozivikanwa vanhu Europe kubva panguva yakare. Asi nekuda Africa - the nzvimbo yechizvarirwo wemunhu. Haisati akazarurwa. It Africans Vaisangana mamwe makondinendi uye akavagarisa.