Bratya Rayt. Kushanduka pakutanga pfungwa.

VokuAmerica Wilbur uye Orvil Rayt, hapana mubvunzo vakabatsira zvikuru kuti kukura ndege magadzirirwo aerodynamics. Hama mbiri, vane upenyu ezvinhu uye mano pamwe pfungwa mafungiro chakaita kuti pave kwakajeka budiriro nokusingaperi akasiya mazita avo munhoroondo rwokugadzira uye nesayenzi. Asi mukana kuratidza shasha yake akauyawo pakarepo. Zvikuru nguva vaishanda muchitoro chake - chitoro apo vakatengesa uye akagadzira mabhasikoro (kusanganisira pasi yayo muchiso), yokudhinda, Motors uye vazhinji nevamwe michina zvigadziriswe.

In ake haringakupembedzi nguva, hama anakidzwa pamusoro siyana aeronautical unyanzvi dzakadai Otto Lilienthal, pasi pasi Chanute, Pirport Samuel Langley nevamwe vazhinji, uyo, achangogara akava pachena, uye rakafuridzirwa Wilbur Wright iri pfungwa yepakutanga, iyo yakanga sezvinotevera. Shure kwenguva Kuongorora kutiza kweshiri, akaisa mberi tsanzira yaro nyore pfungwa: "Zvinoita kuti vatevedzere mashoko mauto kuti kushandisa shiri Anotiza, kuchinja chete nzvimbo wamapapiro, pasina kushandisa netsandanyama." Kungofanana neimwe pfungwa, iye aida uchapupu. Panguva iyoyo paiva iyi zhinji zvinonzi avhiyesheni mapiyona vaiedza kusika zvakafanana yokutevedzera yokutizira nemotokari. Kunyanya Wilbert akafuridzirwa rufu Otto Lilientalya, ane giraidha akatendeuka pakarepo mututu remhepo akasvetukira muvhu mhuno, nokuputsa Lilienthal nomuzongoza. Lilienthal wokupedzisira okuti: "The vanobatwa hakudzivisiki", kumanikidzwa ichishanduka yakananga Wright pfungwa iri kutora-kure nekugona nounyanzvi kudzora ndege pamwe kunonyanyisa kuchengeteka nokuda mutyairi.

hama dzake dzakatanga kushandisa pasi, ndinosika mhando dzakasiyana-siyana kites uye nezvimwe zvinhu, kunyanya akaita mapepa. Uyezve, basa ravo Studio Wright Cycle Exchange akapa zvakafanira hwokugadzira kumativi uye unyanzvi kuti kuedza kugadzira ndege. Wright, mumwe nguva yakawanda dzichiri pfungwa dzake kusvikira rakabudisa vanodhirowa ari ndege yepakutanga wokutanga, kwakavakirwa nzira namasanhu matatu ndege kubva kutenderera, izvo, sezvinei, richiri kushandiswa nanhasi. Panguva iyoyo paitova prototypes kuti chiutsi michini, asi kushandisa kwavo muchimiro injini zvakanga zvisingaiti nokuda kwavo rinorema uremu. Asi mano Wilber uye Olvila basa sezvo nehurongwa, zvaunza dzidziso pfungwa dzavo kusikwa rinokosha hwindimiri uye duku injini huni, yaiva duku zvikuru pane tendero makanaka panguva michini, asi kwete muduku kwavari simba (anenge 8 horsepower).

Historical musi aiva December 17, 1903. Mutaundi Kitty Hawk, pamusoro dzinonzi chokunze kumhenderekedzo iri North Carolina, chepakutanga pfungwa yacho Wright hama, pashure pemakore anopfuura mana shanduka, pakupedzisira vakawana musimboti wayo muchimiro ane ndege. Zvose muchina hama akaita nemaoko avo. Afunga navo lightweight peturu injini kwave chokuita propellers maviri bhasikoro ngetani. The muchina inotongwa mhepo akafukidzwa jira mapapiro uye muswe vakasunungura. Mudhiraivho akatasva nouta yaishandiswa kudzora pakona yacho yebhora.

On nhasi, gadzirai mudziyo, Wright akabatsira munzvimbo vanunuri. Ivo zita remadunhurirwa kubhururuka muchina "Flyers". Mumwe wavo, John Daniels, akanga basa mufananidzo wacho "Flyer" mukushanda. First nendege Orville, Wilbur akagara aine stopwatch. ndege iyi yokutanga, iyo yakatora mumasekonzi 12, saka yarova Wright hama kuti Wilber vakakanganwa kumisa stopwatch uye Orville akashamiswa zvokuti iye vakakanganwa kumisa hwindimiri, asi Daniels wakaita zvose kuti zvinokosha, uye vokutanga kuita mufananidzo muupenyu yazova imwe yenzvimbo nomukurumbira avhiyesheni kare. Machine Wright flied! Zvinotevera Vols zvave refu 52 uye 60 metres ane mumhu anenge matatu metres kupfuura pasi pamwero.

The iroro, hama teregiramu inotevera kuna baba vake, bhishopi Evangelical Church, "kubudirira Flights zvina China mangwanani rokutanga zvose zvinopesana mhepo 21 mamaira avhareji kumhanya dzedenga 31 mamaira chakarebesa 57 masekonzi kuudza wokudhinda musha vanofara Christmas." Bratya Rayt apo neteregirafu opareta akabvunza kana aigona kupfuudza nhau shamwari anoshanda mune pepanhau, akaramba, vaida nhau yavo kutiza kutengeswa kubva wadzo Dayton. Asi neteregirafu, achiri vachifungawo kurambidzwa, vakashumira sezvo mashoko leakage. Nokukurumidza, shamwari yake, wenhau muruzi E. Moore, ari apererwa kutsvaka rakasiyana dingindira ive nyaya yakabudiswa neramanyepo 99% of nyaya, iyo yakaponesa basa rake.

Nokudaro, Bratya Rayt akaratidza nemuenzaniso nesimba pfungwa dzevanhu uye ayo Implementation munyika nadzurudzo.