Aleksandr Gertsen: Biography, mabhuku nhaka

Nhoroondo Russian uzere vakazvipira vari vakagadzirira kuisa upenyu hwake nokuda pfungwa yake.

Aleksandr Ivanovich Gertsen (1812-1870) akanga ari Russian mugovanisi vekutanga akaparidza pfungwa wakanyatsojeka uye ukama. Uye kunyange asina kutora zvakananga chikamu echimurenga mabasa, asi akanga wevaya rwakagadzirira nzira kwayo kukura. Mumwe vatungamiri dzokumadokero, akazova nezvaiitika nevatambi yeEuropean nzira pave Russia, akazotamira ari wakatarisana mumusasa, uye aiva muvambi mumwe muganhu nokuda kwedu kufamba nhoroondo - Populism.

Biography Aleksandra Gertsena chakabatana zvikuru nhamba wokuRussia uye nyika chimurenga sezvo Ogarev, Belinsky, Proudhon, Garibaldi akadaro. Muupenyu hwake hwose, nguva dzose yakaedza kutsvaka nzira yakanakisisa chete hurongwa munzanga. Asi chinhu vaneshungu rudo vanhu vake, kuzvitsaurira kuna nevatambi of vakasarudzwa - ndiko akawana kuremekedzwa zvizvarwa Gertsen Aleksandr Ivanovich.

Brief Biography uye muchidimbu huru mabasa achabvumira muverengi tinyatsoziva kuRussia anofunga. Pashure pezvose, chete mundangariro dzedu, vachakwanisa kurarama nokusingaperi uye kuramba pfungwa.

Gertsen Aleksandr Ivanovich: Biography Russian anofunga

A. I. Gertsen aiva mubvandiripo mwanakomana akapfuma Ivana Alekseevicha Yakovleva uye mwanasikana wake mukuru mugadziri,-makore 16 mukadzi wokuGermany Henriette Haag. Nokuti kuti pamutemo muchato haana, last mwanakomana wababa vake tega. Rakashandurwa kubva muchiGerman zvinoreva "mwoyo mwana".

Ini wakabvisa ramangwana publicist uye munyori mumba wababamunini vake pamusoro Tverskoy Boulevard (zvino yava kuti mabhuku Institute kwavari. Gorky).

Kubvira vachiri vaduku akatanga kwakakurira "kurota rusununguko-rudo", iro hazvishamisi - mudzidzisi mabhuku kureva Protopopov zivisa mudzidzi pamwe nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin, Ryleeva Bouchaud. The French Revolution, pfungwa yakanga iri mumhepo kuramba kudzidzisa mumba Alexander. Nechekare nenguva sydäntä pamwe Ogarev neshamwari, uye pamwe chete ivo vakarangana chirongwa rokuchinja nyika. Kwazvo simba mwoyo neshamwari akaita kuti Decembrist yemuna, pashure izvo zvavari dzakavhenekera echimurenga mabasa uye akapika kumugumo woupenyu hwake kuti adzivirire nevatambi rusununguko uye ukama.

Books of French Kujekerwa vaiva daily kudya bhuku Alexander - akanga averenga yakawanda Voltaire, Beaumarchais, Kotzebue. Haana kupfuura uye mangwanani Romanticism German - mabasa Goethe uye Schiller akarimisa nenzira nechido mweya.

yunivhesiti denderedzwa

Muna 1829, Aleksandr Gertsen akapinda Moscow University of Physics uye Mathematics Department. Uye ipapo haana kuparadzana neshamwari yake achiri muduku Ogarev, iye nokukurumidza vakaumba denderedzwa dzakafanana vanhu. Kunosanganisirawo inozivikanwa mune ramangwana, ane munyori uye wenhoroondo uye mushanduri V. Passek N. Ketscher. Pamisangano ayo, nhengo denderedzwa pavaikurukura pfungwa Saint-Simonianism, kuenzana pakati varume nevakadzi, abolition oga pfuma - iri pfupi, ndivo Socialist vokutanga Russia.

"Malovskaya kare"

Education paUniversity stale uye monotonous. Vadzidzisi Vashoma kutanga vadzidzi hurukuro nepfungwa akura uzivi German. Sydäntä akatsvaka nzira kubva yayo simba nokuitawo yunivhesiti pranks. Muna 1831 iye chaibatanidzwa vanonzi "nhoroondo malovskoy", iyo wakapindwa Lermontov. Students kudzingwa vateereri purofesa mutemo mhosva. Sezvo iye akazoti Alexander Malov MJ aiva benzi, tsika uye muzvinafundo kudzidza. Students vakazvidza pachena kwaari uye dzakamuseka mukirasi. Nokuti escapade vapanduki vacho kure nyore - takapedza mazuva mashoma ari chirango muchitokisi.

The Link rokutanga

Activities yakaurungana sydäntä noushamwari aiva panzvimbo mhosva zvakasikwa, asi Imperial Chancellery akaona kutenda kwavo ngozi wavarindi simba. Muna 1834, nhengo dzose kushamwaridzana vakasungwa uye vakatapwa. Sydäntä kutanga akaonekwa Perm, uye ipapo akanga akatsunga kushumira Vyatka. Ikoko akaronga imwe kwemasimba omunzvimbo mabasa, izvo chamuita kuti Zhukovsky anoshanda kuendeswa Vladimir. Ikoko sydäntä kubviswa uye mwenga wake kubva Moscow. Mazuva iwayo vaiva lightest uye kupfuura vari kugadzikana upenyu munyori.

The aparadzane wokuRussia pfungwa iri Slavophiles uye dzokumadokero

Muna 1840, Aleksandr Gertsen akadzokera kuMoscow. Pano, dambudziko vakamuisa kuna mabhuku mudenderedzwa Belinsky, uyo akaparidzira uye kushingaira engrafted Hegelian pfungwa. With chaiwo kushingaira uye Russian nhengo intransigence kuti denderedzwa iri paakaziva pfungwa muzivi wokuGermany pamusoro rationality wenyika yose chokwadi zvishoma chete angoramba achitaura. Zvisinei, sydäntä pachake kubva Hegel akaita chaizvo zvakasiyana mhedziso. Somugumisiro, denderedzwa yakakamurwa Slavophiles, vatungamiriri vaiva Kirievsky uye hamsters, uye dzokumadokero kuti coalesced dzakapoteredza sydäntä uye Ogarev. Pasinei zvikuru yakashatiswa mumufambiro maonero yemberi nzira okukura reRussia, uye avo uye vamwe yakabatana uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika chaiko kunobva kwete bofu rudo Russian statehood, uye nomwoyo wose dzidziso simba uye simba pavanhu. Sezvo akanyora Papera, sydäntä, vakanga akafanana maviri faced Janus, vane zviso vakanga zvayaitenderera paguyo kwakasiyana-siyana, uye mumwe mwoyo urove.

Pokuwa vavariro dzakanaka

Gertsen Aleksandr Ivanovich, vane Biography uye saka akazadzwa kakawanda inofamba, chechipiri hafu youpenyu zvachose akapedza kunze Russia. Muna 1846, baba emunyori akafa, vachisiya nhaka huru sydäntä. Izvi zvakapa Alexander Ivanovich mukana kwemakore kuenda kumativi Europe. The rwendo yave unopfuura achinja nzira nemafungiro munyori. vamwe vake dzokumadokero vakakatyamadzwa pavakanzwa verenga yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi "Anocherechedza of Yababa" sydäntä Nyaya vanoda "Letters kubva Avenue Marigny», uyo akazozivikanwa se "Letters kubva France uye Italy." Yakajeka Anti-Bourgeois nemafungiro tsamba idzodzo akapupura kuti chokwadi kuti munyori akaodzwa mwoyo mune echimurenga simba pfungwa Western. Pashure pokuona kukundikana nokumukirana pamusoro cheni kuti kwakapararira kuburikidza Europe mumakore 1848-1849, vanonzi "tsime marudzi", iye anotanga kuva dzidziso "Russian gutsaruzhinji", iro akabereka itsva karwizi Russian pfungwa youzivi - populism.

A Uzivi itsva

In France, Aleksandr Gertsen akava noushamwari naye Proudhon, uyo akatanga kubudisa pepanhau "Voice of the People". Mushure kudzvinyirira ari yakakura nokushorwa, kuSwitzerland, uye ipapo Nice, apo akasangana naye Garibaldi, yakakurumbira murwi nokuda rusununguko uye rusununguko rokuItari vanhu. To iyi runobva racho rondedzero "Kubva Other Shore", iro anotaura pfungwa itsva, kure nayo vakatakura Gertsen Aleksandr Ivanovich. Uzivi yakakura kugadzirisa evanhu kuti asisiri akagutsa munyori, sydäntä uye pakupedzisira akati akaonekana navo yake norupo zvitendero. pfungwa dzake akatanga kushanyira Dzoro pamusoro Europe akwegura uye zvinogona mukuru necheSalvic nyika, kumanikidzwa kuona mugovanisi yakanaka.

A. I. Gertsen - Russian wenhau

Pashure pokunge mudzimai wake afa, sydäntä kuLondon, apo akatanga kubudisa pepanhau yake yakakurumbira "The Bell". pepanhau Most simba akanakidzwa munguva anotangira abolition kuti serfdom. Zvadaro kwayo kuparadzirwa anotanga inodonha, kunyanya simba nezvainoita kukurumbira yawo kudzvinyirira wePolish yemuna pakati 1863. Somugumisiro, pfungwa sydäntä haana kuwana nokutsigira kubva radicals, kana liberals nekuti pakutanga, vakanga zvakare mwero, uye yokupedzisira yakanyanya zvikuru. Muna 1865, hurumende yeRussia yave akaramba akarayira kuti mambo Her Mambokadzi England, kuti Vapepeti "zvitare" akadzingwa munyika. Aleksandr Gertsen neshamwari dzake vakanga kwakamanikidzwa kuSwitzerland.

Sydäntä akafa nemabayo muna 1870 kuParis, apo akasvika panyaya dzemhuri.

mabhuku nhaka

Bibliographie Gertsena Aleksandra Ivanovicha ane kuwanda nyaya akanyorwa Russian uye kuenda kumwe. Asi chinonyanya kuzivikanwa nokuda mabhuku ake, kunyanya, chokupedzisira basa hwake, "Kare wangu uye Thoughts". dzimwe nguva Sam Aleksandr Gertsen, ane Biography ari kupara zvisingafungidziriki zigzags, akadana basa iri kupupura, izvo zvakakonzera-siyana "pfungwa okutonga." Zviri kwetunhu venhau, netsamba, mabhuku Portraits uye nhoroondo yaMakoronike. On the nganonyorwa "Ndiani mhosva?" Munyori vakashanda kwemakore matanhatu. Zvinetso wakanyatsojeka pakati pavakadzi nevarume muwanano ukama, dzidzo yarinopa mubasa iri kugadzirisa tichibatsirwa yakakwirira zvinangwa zviri Humanism. Uyewo chavanakomana vake nepeni ostrosotsialnye nyaya "The Thieving Magpie", "Dr. zviyo", "Dambudziko girazi grog", "kubhoekana" uye vamwe.

Pane zvimwe hapana kana munhu akadzidza, uyo kanenge haisi rwakaipa kuziva ani Aleksandr Gertsen. Brief Biography of munyori inowanikwa Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Brockhaus uye Efron, asi hauzivi mune kumwewo! Zvisinei, zvakanaka kuti Kunyatsoziva munyori kubva mumabhuku ake - kwavo renguva yakareba anowana unhu hwake.