Modern asiri ingano, chii: rimwe kure kana kuverenga mabhuku chakakomba?

Apo "kubvarura" dzorudo uye inonakidza mutikitivha nyaya, chilling itsva usingaonekwi uye tarenda nyaya vakatushura, nguva yasvika chaiko vasiri yokunyepera. Imhandoi Genre ane mukurumbira, maererano Publishers data, kuwedzera ose gore? Ndezvipi zvinhu ayo uye vanoitirwa zvinofadza? Tichaedza kupindura mibvunzo yose yakabvunzwa munyaya ino.

Genre mabhuku: chii?

Vakawanda kupatsanura mabhuku zvose - kupesana nayo muruoko ingano uye vamwe - asiri ingano (non-nhema). Mumabasa akadai enganonyorwa, nyaya pfupi, mitambo, nyaya, anonzi mabhuku, akasungwa kuva vemungano vanhu uye akazogadzira nyaya. Ivo ndeokudetemba uye prosaic. Zvadaro, zvose zvinoyevedza mabasa chaiko vanokamurwa muzvikamu zvakadai rezvedzidzo prose uye Genre yokunyepera.

Kusiyana ingano, asiri ingano mabhuku haashandisi vemungano nyaya, runofarira uye vatambi, uye chinomiririrwa:

• mabhuku okuchikoro;
• maduramazwi;
• maenisaikoropidhiya;
• monographs;
• nhau;
• nhoroondo dzeupenyu;
• netsamba uye nedzimwe nzira.

Ndechipi asiri nhema?

Ngatimboonai tsanangudzo asiri ingano, chii. Sezvambotaurwa, mumabhuku ichi hachisi vemungano zviitiko uye mashoko, sezvazvakaita zvinoyevedza uye journalistic mabhuku Genre apo munyori kubudikidza prism pakati aesthetic ake, yetsika uye shaped maonero, kunozivikanwa uye chaizvoizvo nhoroondo chokwadi ndiyo vatambi uye zviitiko. Sezvo mabhuku ichi, kureva, unyanzvi kweshoko, munyori inoshandisa compositional sangano rugwaro uye zvifananidzo nzira siyana kuburitsa dzaitaurwa basa. Saka, asiri ingano - munhu anodzidza basa, riri yakasungirirwa kongiri uye zvechokwadi zvinhu zvoupenyu.

Kana paiva asiri nhema?

manyuko Most kwenguva, chidzoke rokuti "asiri ingano" uye wokutanga chigadzirwa kwakakonzerwa Genre ichi gore 1965 apo yakabudiswa mubhuku "In Cold Ropa," Truman Capote. Kana kana itsva izwi, isu hatingazvirumbidzi nharo, asi pano, sezvo vari kunzi nhasi, travelogues kana kufamba manotsi (akadai Radishchev "Rwendo kubva St. Petersburg kuMoscow", "Frigate" Pallada "," Goncharov kana Gertsenovskie "My Past uye pfungwa") vakasikwa kare yechipiri yezana XX remakore. Pano vari kungoverenga panze kwavari, hatina pfungwa kuti ichi ndicho chakanakisisa Russian mabhuku asiri nhema!

Hatidi nharo uye kudana mashomanana ano Classics yacho Genre. Chokutanga, tinofanira kutaura Stephen Hawking, imwe yakakurumbira dzinoitwa yokungotaura yefizikisi. Kuburikidza mabhuku ake ari Genre sayenzi asiri ingano vazhinji Earthlings vakadzidza pamusoro makomba vatema uye dzavo zvivako.

Capote ne "umhondi ine utsinye" kunoonekwa sechinhu itsva nyaya chaiwo. Tomas Vulf aine shamisa yechipiri yezana remakore rapfuura, mabhuku, tsvakurudzo «The Electric Kool-Aid acid Test» uye «The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-flake Streamline Baby» akasika mutsva mirayiridzo kutsvakurudza uye experimental nonfiction.

Types vasiri nhema

Pakupindura asiri ingano - chii, zvakakosha kuyeuka yayo multi-faceted, sezvo hazvisi chete zvakasiyana dzakakurumbira mabhuku sayenzi uye reference, inosanganisirawo uye kurondedzerwa nyika namaguta, anoti, vafambi, nhau uye essays. Mabasa Genre ichi vari yokuvaraidza kutaura nezvezvinhu zvakanaka kunzwisisa, dzakadai muSoviet bhuku akatevedzana "Eureka" akasunungurwa mabhuku anopfuura 300, inosvikirika uye zvinofadza kuudza sciences dzakasiyana-siyana uye nhoroondo dzavo. Vamwe, vakadai Somuenzaniso, bhuku "Glass" N. Katchalov kana "Mushonga kubhoekana, kana nhoroondo aizikirimu," Bogdanov, anogona chose adzidze kupfuura munhuwo uye yaizivikanwa kwatiri zvinhu nesayenzi.

Zvayaiva panguva mharadzano kuti nhau uye mabhuku Genre vasiri ingano ane classifications zvakawanda, asi tichakurukura munhu inowanzoshandiswa mubhuku kubudiswa "kicheni":

• nhoroondo dzeupenyu uye netsamba;
• muvhidhiyo yaMakoronike;
• rondedzero;
• navi manotsi (travelogues);
• tsoropodzo;
• tsvakurudzo;
• mabhuku okuchikoro;
• Tutorials;
• maduramazwi;
• maenisaikoropidhiya;
• rwokugadzira mapepa.

Recent kuitikawo vari Electronic Publishing asiri ingano, vachibvumira nokukurumidza kuwana mashoko anonakidza.

Zviri Genre

Takatodzidza akabata pamusoro Zvisinei, zvishoma zvachero, kunyanya vasiri yokunyepera Genre. Chii? Muchidimbu nyora huru zvinhu:

- kusavapo vemungano nyaya uye vatambi;

- nyaya zviitiko anoenda kuburikidza pachavo nemaonero nemunyori;

- kushandiswa siyana zvinoyevedza nzira uye kunoshamisa;

- ". Mamiriro ezvinhu maererano pamupikicha" chivakwa pamusoro nemabasa kunoshamisa sezvamunoita

Ndianiko nyaya iyi?

Munguva Soviet, zvakanzi wakabudiswa yakawanda asiri ingano uye ingano mazita, netsamba uye nhoroondo dzeupenyu. Zvakakwana kuyeuka zvinoshamisa akatevedzana zvakadai mabhuku se ZHZL - "Upenyu Inoshamisa People" (rakabudiswa "Young Guard"), "The nhoroondo zvesainzi", "Pages nezvenhoroondo yokumusha yedu," "Library" Quantum "(rakabudiswa" Science "). Pano uye ikozvino zvakaoma zita chero chikuru Russian rokubudisa imba, asiri ingano havazobvumirwi ichibudiswa. Mumwe vatungamiriri Russian musika "ndeechokwadi" mabhuku - kuzivisa "UFO" - rinobudisa mabhuku ari Genre kare mupenyu, muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano vave dzinotevedzana "tsika zuva nezuva", uye "Eksmo" chiso dzinoti "Nhoroondo guru. Zvisingatarisirwi angled, "" netsamba - XXI Century "". Women of Silver Age ", "AST-Press" Rinobudisa House rinobudisa chinoti "Science uye rugare" Tutorials "Languages pasina Borders", rokubudisa imba "Kuchkovo munda" rinobudisa netsamba, uye boka "Kolibri" - dzakatevedzana "chinhu pacharo", inova hurukuro pamusoro nyore bhuku akadai munyu uye nezvimwewo. "Ajax-dzvanya" rinobudisa nhevedzano vatungamiriri "Instructions yokushandisa".