Bonobo Tsoko - vakaisvochenjeresa Tsoko munyika

Nyanzvi kudzidza upenyu primates, vakabvumirana kuti akangwara zvikuru Tsoko munyika - mashoko Bonobo (rudzi chimupanze, rinonziwo Pygmy chimupanze). Miti iyi pedyo murume mhuka dzose unozikamwa redu. Masayendisiti majee kuti bonobos pa 99,4% ndiyo kwevanhu.

Features mhando

Kusiyana nezvimwe mhando chimupanze, nokuda kwaizvozvo, uye vamwe primate mhando, kuti Bonobo Tsoko ane Nhamba huru maitiro unhu yaingowanikwa murume. Somuenzaniso, masayendisiti American vakakwanisa kudzidzisa zvipfupi chimupanze, ainzi Kanzi, kunzwisisa vanenge zviuru zvitatu mashoko. Uyezve, akakwanisa kushandisa vanopfuura 500 mazwi, uchishandisa kiibhodhi pamwe geometric zviratidzo.

Waya nezvimwe kuedza kwakaita kuti mhedziso kuti Bonobo - akangwara zvikuru tsoko. erudzi urwu haamiri somusoro rudzi uye ndowenyika chimupanze. Bonobos nguva dzose, kunyange munguva kudya, nokushingaira kukurukura nemumwe vachishandisa chaiyo gudzanzwi usingateereri deciphered zvevakomana. pfungwa dzavo zvikuru dzakabudirira kudarika vamwe netsoko.

Pygmy chimupanze munganzwisisa zvimwe zviratidzo hurongwa. Nhapwa mhuka experimenter anopa yeuka 20-30 vatambi vavo sonic nerokuti. Ndiro rine chokwadi rinochengeta mirayiro siyana mumutauro iwoyo, uye ipapo, mu zvinotaura kare havana kunzwa mirayiro kuita zvimwe zviito, akadai "Uchibviswa mumba nechigaro", "Lather bhora," etc. Zvakanaka, uyo zvino kudenha okuti akangwara zvikuru tsoko .. - bonobos.

Bazi hominids uye Chimps ichapamuka anenge mashanu uye makore mamiriyoni nehafu apfuura. Izvi mhando hwapedyo zvishoma nezvishoma zvakajairika chimupanze, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi mhuka idzi zvabatwa zvikuru zvekare unhu kuri mumashoko murume uye chimupanze. Uyezve, seti ichi majini zvipfupi Tsoko rinobatana majini evanhu kuburikidza 98%. Pasina pre-kurapwa ropa zvinogona transfused Bonobo murume. A ropa Somuenzaniso, zvakajairika chimupanze kunoda rokutanga rokubvisa antibodies.

Exterior zvinhu

Hazvizivikanwi sei mhuka iyi inonzi zvipfupi - Bonobo nemaape asina kutomboderera kuti ravaigona hama ukuru. Vanhurume vanoyera kubvira 35 kusvika 60 makirogiramu, asi akawanda kurema ndee pana kumativi 45 makirogiramu. Vakadzi Sezvaitarisirwa, zvakawanda kwazvo. uremu hwavo asingaiti pfuura 35 makirogiramu. Kukura zera iri vanenge 115 masendimita.

Tsoko Bonobo mapikicha kuti tinoisa munyaya ino ine musoro nani guru. Pamusoro Meso pachena kuoneka nechapamusoro Zvisinei, ivo havaratidzi yakatanga. The muviri wose akafuka dema reganda, kunze miromo. Vane ichi vaaleanpunainen tsoko, akamira zvakanaka pamusoro rima background. High huma, nzeve diki, rakafara wemhino. Mumusoro vari bvudzi refu. In vakadzi dzakabudirira mammary mumasero hwakasimba kupfuura mamwe marudzi.

Tsoko Bonabeau mutete muviri ane nhete mutsipa uye makumbo refu. Mhuka kuti ruzha kuhukura kurira.

dzinogarisana

Bonabeau Tsoko anogara chete nzvimbo panyika. Zvinonzi munzvimbo mudziyo wokushambidzira Rwizi Congo (Central Africa). Ndiyo nzvimbo kukura vanenge mazana nezvishanu paupamhi makiromita, wakafukidzwa dzinopisa batana zvinomera. Nhasi inzvimbo kumativi zviuru makumi mashanu vamiriri ichi mhando.

maitiro

Bonobos vanosarudza seboka pokugara. nhamba yavo rinosvika zana vanhu (vakuru uye vaduku). Pasinei kwayo saizi diki zvichienzaniswa vanhurume, vakadzi vane yakakwirira munzanga. Izvi imhaka yokuti "vakadzi" yakabatana uye akarongeka kupfuura vasikana. Kana mukadzi akauya apesane nomunhurume, ipapo pakarepo kumhanyira kuzvidzivirira ayo mamwe navarandakadzi hapana anodzivirira.

Masikati, bonobos vanopedza nguva uye "kutaura" mumapoka maduku, uye kana nguva yasvika kunorara, kwakabva mhuri kwakabatana. Kazhinji, tsoko izvi vanopedza usiku matendere kuti kuvaka pamusoro pamatavi miti. Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe primates, chikwata chavo hachisi sezvo kuzviomesera munzanga akanyatsorongwa.

varaidzo

Ose tsoko vanoda kutamba. Asi bonobos aswedere nyaya iyi "nenyanzvi". Ndivo zvikuru Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira. Young nguva kunyepedzera kusetsa zviso uye kutamba pantomime chaiyo, kunyange kana vanhu vaiona usiri pedyo.

Vacherechedzi tsanangura sei bonobos mafaro: Tsoko akafukidza chinyorwa pamusoro mabhanana shizha kana maoko pamusoro pameso ake uye akatanga tenderera, uyai kune hama kana kusvetuka pamusoro anorovera - kusvikira zvino, kusvikira kupunzika, kurasikirwa ravovesie. Pashure pfupi zororo, akaramba mafaro.

Zvichida, Tsoko bonobos zvichachengetwawo zvimwe pakuona kwedu kuzitateguru rekare muna zvishoma zvakachinjwa chimiro. Zviri pachena kuti vavakezve evanhu ukama wamadzibaba edu uye avo maitiro haachazovipo kwakakwana pasina nokufunga peculiarities yokuzvibata kuti vari kuri mumashoko ose bonobos uye chimupanze.

chikafu

Bonobo Tsoko - mhuka dziri omnivorous. Unorema dzavo zvokudya ine michero. Mukuwedzera, vakadya zvinomera uye invertebrates. Aripo menu dzavo uye chiduku chikamu mhuka zvokudya. Vanogona kutsungirira antelopes diki, squirrels, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Japanese masayendisiti, uyo kwenguva refu kuchengeta upenyu mhuka idzi, vanoti kuti pane kudya vanhu, chero zvazvingava, ivo akanyorwa mumwe chiitiko chakadai pakati netsoko izvi. Muna 2008, tsoko mukuru akadya mucheche akafa.

kubereka

Kuberekwa zvazvingava kwazvakaita ichi yakaderera chaizvo. Vakadzi vanobereka ose mana - makore matanhatu. Akazvarwa chete mwana mumwe. Gestation rinovapo anenge mazana maviri namakumi mana mazuva. Amai vane hanya anodyisa mwana wake kwemakore matatu. Sexual kukura rinowanikwa mune bonobos chete nemakore gumi. Sezvineiwo, hwose rutsigiro wechidiki mhuri ukama naamai vake. Under dzinongoitika ezvinhu, kuti Bonobo Tsoko anorarama kwamakore makumi mana. In kutapwa (munzvimbo dzinochengetwa mhuka), vanorarama kusvika makore makumi matanhatu. Izvi haiwanzowaniki chaizvo chiitiko apo mhuka iri muutapwa ngaararame yakareba kupfuura mune zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza. Uye mumwe dzinonakidza chepfungwa - the bonobos haana anovandudza SIV - immunodeficiency utachiona (tsoko).

uwandu hwevanhu

Nhasi, masayendisiti munyika yose kunetseka zvichaitirwa mhuka idzi nedzimwe. Active kwemiti, kusagadzikana mune Central Africa haadi kubatsira zvakanaka mhando. Zvino uwandu bonobos achitsva masango nokukurumidza kudzikira. Zvinosuruvarisa padanho kubereka iri dzemarudzi kwazvo duku.

The akaisvochenjera Tsoko munyika

List pakati akangwara zvikuru mhuka panyika zvachose ndokunanga netsoko. Asi pane chinoshamisa vamiririri vane nhaka mano kwakadaro, kuti hapana mumvuri mubvunzo kuti vane njere, riri pedyo munhu.

Muna 2007 vakafa akakurumbira munyika yose akangwara zvikuru Tsoko - chimupanze Washoe. Aiva nemakore 42 okuberekwa. Yaiva wokutanga "kutaura" tichibatsirwa chiratidzo mutauro mumiririri primates. Nokuti zvizere nokuwadzana ichi kujairwa anokurumidza witted Tsoko asina chete dokeriro uye tsandanyama dzinobudisa inzwi, izvo kunyimwa hunhu wake.

Interesting mashoko pamusoro Bonobo

Research masayendisiti dzakaratidza kuti uropi zvipfupi chimupanze yakasiyana chaizvo kubva uropi zvavo hama yawo. Zviri huru uye kupfuura dzakabudirira. Saka, mhuka idzi anogona kunzwa pfungwa urombo, unyoro, mwoyo. Bonobos - zvisikwa rugare, vanozviti rudo. The kusavapo ruvengo uye utsinye - hadziwanzowaniki chaizvo, kunyange, mumwe angati, yakasiyana unhu pakati pemhuka.