Chii hanya munyonga? Yokungotaura tsanangudzo uye kushanda

In mukuru weboka microeconomics vari vaviri nzira inokosha: quantitative uye ordinal. Chokutanga inobva chokwadi kuti mutengi anoyera kushanda kubatsirwa akawana. Zvisinei, kubvuma ichi chaizvoizvo hazvibviri uchatamisa chero chimwe kuenzanisa akatenga zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, unoda kutenga unokutakwairirai neshangu, asi sei tinogona kuongorora kushanda zvose zvakanaka? Chokwadi, kusarudza pakati rokutanga uye rechipiri, uchida zvinokosha, asi hamugoni kunyange kufungidzira mubereko sei musoro zvikuru. The basa hunowedzera kuoma sezvo nhamba kwenhumbi, kana fananidzo kare vawane rose pazvinhu.

Kuti kuti tikwanise kudzidza utility pamusoro watengwa chigadzirwa kana basa tsika, zvakanga akasikwa ordinal (sequential) kusvika. It anotevera kubva dzidziso quantification, asi tichiregeredza nokuenzanisa musimboti zvikuru kwakapararira uchidzidzira.

Hwaro Serial kusvika ndechokuti mutengi asingadi vaongorore kushanda zvakanaka uye anoisa zvinokosha mutsa maererano zvatinoda, kwezvakatipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu, voruzhinji.

Kuti pave sequential kusvika pakati dzidziso zvinofungirwa kuti Mutengi akatenga zvinhu nemhando uye anoenzanisa utility avo kuzviitira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro inogona kushandiswa kuongorora ndege iri iyo munyonga iri hanya.

The ordinate akabatana chinoratidza kushanda rimwe akagadzirwa makomborero, pamusoro chinjikira akabatana - wechipiri yakatarwa. Kana Kukoshesa kwaisanganisira anogadza akawanda panguva imwe mutengo, asi pamwe kunosiyana inosiyana kubatsirwawo mutengi, tinowana imwe hanya mepu. On mepu iri yairwisana munyonga haasi oga - pane dzakawanda dzisiri intersecting mitsetse, uye yepamusoro mumwe calculators, iyo utility kukuru anotakura chine zvikomborero.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa zvinorehwa vasingakendengi makakombama vavo zvivako. Kana tanga zvose zviri pachena zvakakwana - vanobvumira tikwanise kufungidzira hama mwero kushanda siyana anoita zvinobatsira mutengi kusarudza uye Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chezvinonhuwira dzakasiyana anoita zvigadzirwa, pamwechete kuongorora dambudziko rechipiri angamuka. Chokwadi ndechokuti haana hanya munyonga uri convex uye ane kunaka materu. Sezvo mari inogona kunzi maitiro akarongwa akadaro?

The akaipa Nemikwidza zvinoreva kuti kuwedzera kwenhamba imwe iine nemigumisiro yakanaka rutapudzo vanobatsirwa rechipiri yakatarwa. Zvechokwadi, zviri nyore kufungidzira uchidzidzira! Patinoramba kutenga chigadzirwa, kashoma tinogona kutenga wechipiri, kuva munhu finite mari imwe mhando. Kuzvimba, rine hanya munyonga, ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe pfungwa shoma mwero kuzvitsinhanisa uye rinotsanangura kuwedzera hama mutengo chete kwenhumbi hama kuna mamwe, zvichienderana neuwandu zvigadzirwa.

Vasingakendengi makakombama optionally kutora chimiro achiburuka mitsetse. Dzimwe nguva, muna tsika pane wakaipa nyaya, uye girafu iri dzikwanise yakarurama mutsetse, yakatambarara kana vertically. Ngatitii akaita kubatsirwawo mutengi haisi zvakakodzera chero zvodini. Ipapo Mutengi haripi chete yakatarwa mamwe makomborero kuti vawane basa chinhu. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kusava nehanya munyonga akaererana X akabatana. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu inodzokororwa pamwe chaizvo wausina - "munyonga" zvinofambirana kune and-akabatana.

Mukupedzisira, yairwisana munyonga - iri pfungwa inokosha zvikuru dzezvoupfumi, izvo zvinoita kuti kushandisa dzidziso iri tsika, achienzanisa vanofarira uye zvaunofarira kwete mumwe chete chaiyo mutengi, asi mapoka vatengi, izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti kudzidza kudiwa mamwe mapoka chigadzirwa.