Chii paChernobyl "Doug"? tsananguro

Chii paChernobyl "Doug?" Ungazviita sei? Izvi uye nemimwe mibvunzo ichakurukurwa munyaya. Megapolis paChernobyl-2 iri kuchamhembe-kumadokero kweguta duku Chornobyl Polissya, asi pane chinhu topographical mepu kwete. Ongorora mepu, unogona kuwana nzvimbo yeguta dzaiva dzakapararira dzinza dondo mudungwe munzira kana zviratidzo mapuranga vana, asi hapana panotaurwa hwokugadzira kana dzomumaguta zvivako. MuSoviet Union takakwanisa kuviga zvakavanzika, kunyanya kana kwaiva hondo.

Duga

PaChernobyl "Doug?" Yaiva kupi Chete sezvo paChernobyl tsaona uye kuparara Soviet vanhu vakadzidza pamusoro kuvapo reuto ravarwi (kataundi) mumasango Polesie, iyo aivhima "nzvimbo kudziongorora." Muzana remakore rapfuura iri manonwe takasikwa akasiyana muchiuto radar enyika izvo zvaiita kuti uone pakuparurwa ane intercontinental chombo chete zvinoita nyika muvengi. Rakanga yakagadzirwa kuti zita radar jengachenga radar chiteshi (Duga).

PaChernobyl "Arc" akanga kwazvo kukura zvakapetwa antennas uye masts, zvaida guru manpower reserves - vanenge 1,000 varwi rakatakurwa ichi nzvimbo takamuka. guta duku akasikwa kuti zvechiuto uye dzavo, pamwe chete mumugwagwa, anotaurwa so "mugwagwa Kurchatov".

Chisarudzo kugadzira jengachenga radar kwegadziriro "Doug kuti nhamba 1" (pedo neguta paChernobyl) rakagamuchirwa pachishandiswa zvisarudzo hurumende kubva 1972, January 18, 1975 uye April 14.

Nechekare muna 1976 zvakanga anokosha radar chikwata akatasva Duga paChernobyl-2. Lead mugadziri Duga muna paChernobyl-2 raiva kumberi redhiyo SRI (NIIDAR). Huru rakafuridzirwa uye pfungwa Designer Duga aiva Kuz'minskii Franz.

bvunzo

Miedzo zviri paChernobyl "Dougie" The State Commission wokutanga akaita muna 1979. Vanotsvakurudza vakaona kuti kana akagadzira bvunzo, aifanira kugadzirisa zvinoverengeka michina matambudziko yakabuda nokuda pakatanga zvachose akasiyana, itsva, risingaenzaniswi ruzivo mune mari pose.

Panguva nemiedzo vakanga dzakaonekwa chinonyengera pakati keriya zvitundumuseremusere uye ballistic zvombo kubva kumabvazuva US chombo site kuzoongorora adequacy pakati modules nemhaka kuziva miedzo kuyeuka chinonyengera ose intercontinental US zvombo.

Panguva iyoyowo magadzirirwo hwakaipa vaizivikanwa, raisanganisira kushaya unhu kuziva miedzo nhovo huru kuroorwa uye Mapato diki mabasa. Yepamusoro Duga basa rakanga kubudirira chete ezvinhu kurohwa simba romuvengi intercontinental zvombo zvinoita.

Maererano Mutongo masimba 1982, musi waMay 30, pasinei imwe dzichipfekeka localization, rakachengetedzwa kugamuchirwa kuva muedzo kukura muna 1982. The paChernobyl Duga.

Pachiitiko ichi, kuti creators ari zvakaoma vakanga paakavapa Power - Danilov B. M., Vasenev VN Krokunov Yu M., Dubrovskiy N. F., uye vamwe..

matambudziko

PaChernobyl "Doug" - kuti zvinoshamisa chivako. Pamwe naye dzakavakwa zvivako zvakawanda maviri zvakadai mumaguta Komsomolsk-on-Amur uye Nikolaev. Pachatanga kushanda zvivako zvaiva zvimwe zvinetso. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti vamwe anodawo frequencies pakati radar mano vakanga pamwe hove rengarava namano uye Civil Aviation masimba European. USSR akanga officious kurapwa kubva dzokumadokero nyika kuti pazviruva sei kuchengeteka dzedenga rengarava uye kutumirwa kambani.

USSR akaenda zvinopesana uye kushandisa akarega kushanda frequencies. Mainjiniya basa akanga akatsunga kubvisa zvazvakashatira radar basa. Designers uye masayendisiti akagadzirisa nayo, uye muna 1985, mushure ndiwedzere, kuti chikwata akatanga zvakaitika Gospriomku.

kubvisa

Vanhu vakawanda vanobvunza: paChernobyl "Doug" - chii shure zvakagadzirwa ichi? Mushure 1986 paChernobyl tsaona yakawira, Duga kubviswa kuhondo dzokurinda uye midziyo mothballed. Rehurumende uye vemauto vagari akabviswa munzvimbo kwakasvibiswa nemwaranzi.

Apo mauto uye utungamiriri Soviet vakaziva rapanzvimbo zvakatipoteredza njodzi, kwakasarudzwa (muna 1987) kubvisa zvinokosha michina uye enyika zviri guru pakati Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Somuenzaniso, isingawanzowanikwi nzvimbo kuti inopa muchadenga nhovo nyika Soviet akarega kushandisa, uye guta guru uye ayo kwezvivako zvave kukanganwika uye akasiya.

Fate dzemapurisa

PaChernobyl "Doug" - chii chaizvoizvo? "Doug" (5N32) - Soviet-jengachenga radar yemapurisa pakuvaka mangwanani kuziva miedzo ballistic intercontinental chombo, zvakataurwa pamusoro. Kune zvitatu nhepfenyuro dzakadaro:

• Experimental kunzwisisa "Arc-N" Nikolaeva anenge 47 ° 02'28 "p. W. 32 ° 11'57 "munhu. d. HG NW akagadzira mukuru mugadziri F. A. Kuzminskim. Rakanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara muna 2000.
• The paChernobyl mapazi "Arc № 1" (gwaro paChernobyl-2) 51 ° 18'19 "p. W. 30 ° 03 "57" kuti. d. HG NW uye 51 ° 38 '15 ", p. W. 30 ° 42'10 "kuti. d. HG NW. Mushure mazuvaano cheHurumende nemiedzo yakundikana (makore 1985-1986). Muna 1986, 26 April, akamira nokuda paChernobyl tsaona. Part of midziyo yaitakurwa muna Komsomolsk-on-Amur, zvakataurwa pamusoro.
• Mumusha Big Cartel, pedyo Komsomolsk-pasi-Amur 50 ° 53'34 "pamwe. W. 136 ° 50'12 "munhu. d. HG NW uye 50 ° 23'07 "p. W. 137 ° 19'41 "munhu. D NW HG -. chete arongera chiratidzo mabiko. Achitumira garo yakaiswa akapoteredza Closed Handakun-2. Kubviswa kuhondo yokurinda 1989, musi November 14 nokuda nokuchinja kwazara. Today akaputsa.

patani

In mufananidzo paChernobyl "Doug" anotarira magnificently. Zvakanga zvachose muchivande chinhu kuna 1980s, club pamusoro dzemakomo zvinhu ari chinhambwe 900 kusvika 3000? Km ari circumpolar nharaunda. Achibatsirwa cheka-kumucheto uye simba panguva radar, mauto rwauya kunze, chaiyo shoko, kutarisa mhiri jengachenga.

Nekuda izvi unhu, kunzwisisa ichi ainzi "Duga 1". It akasikwa vagadziri avo uye Developers: Pin Yefim Kuz'minskii Franz Eteri Shustov, V. Shamshin V. Vasiukov.

mamiriro

Bvumiranai, runako dzinonakidza kudzidza rondedzero paChernobyl "Dougie." Her Radar kushanda mu kakawanda siyana 5-28 MHz.

On chaiyoiyo geometrical parameters pamusoro Duga zvakaoma kutaura. Information pachena iripo mabhuku musoro uye zvichida asina kururama. Antennas dzinoitwa panheyo phased kuko kanyanga. Sezvo yakafara kakawanda bhendi, mumwe kanyanga arege bindepinde, bhuku yose iri muzvikamu zviviri, uye kanyanga arrays vakawanawo maviri:

• High-Frequency kanyanga paChernobyl "Arc" aiva kureba 250 M uye 100 M kureba. On the mepu kureba kwarwo 230 m.
• Low-Frequency kanyanga :. Height pamusoro masts 135 kusvika 150 m, kureba - kubva 300 kusvika 500. The map kureba kwarwo 460 m.

With parameters izvi, magadzirirwo kunoonekwa kubva zvinenge pose paChernobyl chokudzingwa nzvimbo. Near chiteshi raiva obliquely ionospheric-kudzoka "Circle," inova webetsero nokuda Duga, uye nokuda generating magetsi mashoko pamusoro kwemutemo redhiyo mafungu, unogona kufamba pakati pavo, kakawanda kusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri akamboona.

PaChernobyl "Arc" radar chete aida kugamuchira anonongedzera. Broadcasting centre raiva pedyo nomusha Rassudovo makiromita 60 kubva paChernobyl-2 pedo neguta Ljubech (chernihiv nharaunda). Achitumira antennas vari akaitawo panheyo phased kuko kanyanga uye vane kukura duku: kureba wavo akanga akaenzana mamita 85 B / h, maererano E. Dzhafarova, zvakanzi zvazvichanyungudutswa 1988 gore ..

Complete kuvhara zviri paChernobyl-2 kwezvivako guru haana pakarepo kunze: basa rakanga umbomiswa kusvikira 1987. Asi pasina nguva zvakava pachena kuti mamiriro ezvinhu enyika kuzvibvisa hazvibviri kushandisa mapazi. Duga zvinhu dzakabatana vakanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara uye kubviswa.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Kukwirira paChernobyl "Dougie" achirova mumwe. Nezvenyaya iyi firimu The Russian Woodpecker akanga filmed muna 2015, unomedurirwa yakanakisisa wokumwe vhidhiyo firimu mutambo "Sundance" akanga paakavapa chikuru vatongi.

For chairwo nepfungwa Eteri (akabudiswa apo kugogodza), "Doug," akatanga kudana Russian Woodpecker ( "Woodpecker Russian").

"Russian Woodpecker"

Saka, imi munotoriziva kuti kukwirira paChernobyl "Dougie" raiva rakakura. remagetsi dzeredhiyo nechinhu ichi yakatanga muna 1976, 4th of July. Ivo kanganisa pamusoro yemapuraneti redhiyo siyana 3 kusvika 30 MHz. Pulses akagoverwa pane zvikamu rimwe chegumi yechipiri. Signal kunyoresa akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kwete chete michina chaiyo akanga anzwa ari nyore transistor ave vibrating kugogodza.

Munyika dzakawanda pasi pose pamusoro "Russian Woodpecker" wakanaisa kubva zvavo mudzidzi redhiyo dzaishandisa uye makambani pasi zviuru kugunun'una. Sezvo "Arc" akagogodza frequencies dzaiva pasi kudzivirira dzakawanda zvibvumirwano kuti rehurumende kuparadzwa, the US zviremera, Canada uye UK kuti unzve Soviet Union akaramba. Asi Soviet Union haana kubvuma kunyange kuti, "Woodpecker" ariko.

World Association redhiyo amateurs akatoedza vasaziva "Russian Woodpecker" nokuedza kutepfenyurwa rectangular yakatesvera panyanga dzacho dziri pakatarisana musi iwoyo kakawanda kuva chipingaidzo Woodpecker transistor USSR. Asi kuedza ichi haana kubudirira.

On kugadzwa "Russian Woodpecker" vanhu vakatanga kuita zvekungofungira siyana. Saka, kunyange vakuru vakuru vakafunga pfungwa kudzora pfungwa. Mumwe nyanzvi Ushumiri Kudzivirira akati kuti chiratidzo "Woodpecker Russian" ndiro tsime simba zvikuru remagetsi mwaranzi kuti nokusingaperi akasika munhu. Akati tsime iri zvinovhiringidza pfungwa, sezvo ane mamiriyoni 40 watts or uye 10 pulses por wechipiri. Akayemura ndechokuti simba iri airatidza kubva Soviet Union uye azara zvose muUnited States. Shtatovskih Federal Communications Commission wobvunzisisa kuitwa muna 1988 uye, pakupedzisira, vakawana chinangwa chaiye 'chinhu chakakombama'.

kudzidza

Other zvinogoneka kunoita basa "Russian Woodpecker" nokuchinja mu okunze kuti migumisiro ine njodzi hana vazhinji aishingaira vadzidza Western uchenjeri masangano, zvakakomba ongorora "chinhu chakakombama" sezvo bvunzo zvombo USSR. hypotheses aya zvakanaka nheyo, sezvo watopiwa vakaongorora mune zvakasiyana amunyengedze magnetoelectric mwaranzi kwemakore akawanda.

Somuenzaniso, musayendisiti Tesla muzana remakore mangwanani Aishandisa wirelessly kutuma magetsi, nokuda izvo simba nerubatsiro hwakavhiringidzwa uye mazana dondo moto kwakaitika nokuda nemabhanan'ana. In "Spekyula" magazini Ongororo Data dzakabudiswa kuti akawana kuti vamwe kakawanda magneto anonongedzera anogona kuburikidza pasi.

Rakapinza muruoko kwayo pamusoro pa necheparutivi rworwendo 30, ndivo yakadzika iri pasi muchimiro yakamira mafungu kuti akaumba nemafungu chaibwinya parutivi tsvuku-inopisa chinoumba panyika. Nokuda kwaizvozvi kuonekwe ratinoona madutu uye kwenyika.

Maererano nemishumo, ivo vomuNorway makasimbisa simba yeredhiyo, magnetoelectric nemwaranzi iyo kunogona kukonzera kuti ionosphere nonlinear mananara kuti ruchavhiringidza chakaipa nokushanda nodes "Dougie."

Imwe nzvimbo kutsvakurudza yave chinangwa yedzimudzangara anonongedzera chokuita nevanhu psyche.

nuances

Kuvakwa pachiteshi pedyo paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa anotsanangura kwaari anoyevedza simba kugutsikana. Data kubva "paChernobyl-2" nguva zvinomudzora ari murayiro yemapurisa, apo ari kuhondo basa dzakazara chinhu nokusingaperi kuramba: Doorman kusimuka uye vakashanda siku nesikati. Kusanganisira nyanzvi uye nevaongorori.

On panzvimbo pakutanga kuma1990 moto zvakaitika, nokuti chii pechingoro ikanyarara basa rayo mukutanga rokunyevera hurongwa.

Mumuedzo wokutanga migumisiro paChernobyl yemapurisa nenzira kurova kwemwoyo-kuchamhembe migwagwa havana kubudirira. Nokuda kuvapo polar nguwani, nokugura ionospheric nenyonganiso uye zvimwe yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu mune polar uye polar kumatunhu ari ndingangokuvara Detective chombo chinonyengera mudukuduku. Panyaya iyi, raiva pedyo nebundu "Ljubech-1" Dzokerai rework. On zvakanga rwaiitwa vanonzi chirongwa "polar" kurovera kwaiita. Developers angadaro aifunga kuti chose basa zvaibuda zvakanaka.

Nenzira, kadambari mubatanidzwa aiva 1S31G Cipher. Computer K-340A nokuda processing chiratidzo ikabereka pamwe discrete zvinoriumba. Kutapukirwa michina zvarakanyorerwa muchina-kuvaka chirimwa muna Dnipropetrovsk, uye raiva 26 redhiyo, pakukura nerimwe raiva maviri storey imba.

firimu

Takatodzidza yambotaurwa yakaitwa pamusoro paChernobyl "Doug" Doc. firimu. Shamisa firimu "Woodpecker Russian" rakazvipira kuferefeta ane nzira yacho paChernobyl tsaona, iyo yakaitika muna 1986, musi 26 April. Director Its chinhu American Chad Gracia. The protagonist of mufananidzo wakadhirowewa Fedor Aleksandrovich, ongorora Soviet pevatongi ezvinhu, zvinoratidza kuti tsaona iyi haana netsaona.

mashoko anobatsira firimu zvizhinji - zvakanaka, mumwe vakabvunzurudzwa rinoti kuti kuronga paChernobyl tsaona Munhu kubva mudonzvo yakawanda dzakasiyana.