Chiyero chekutsvaga kwepascenta nevhiki (tafura). Maitiro uye kusagadzikana kwekukura kweparcenta

I-placenta inhengo inokosha yemukadzi ane pamuviri, iyo inoumbwa uye iripo panguva yose yekukura kwekukura. Mushure mekuonekwa kwechechecheche, nzvimbo yemwana yakarambwa. Iyi nhengo yakakosha yenguva inosunga amai nevana pavanenge vachiita pamuviri. Icho chikonzero nekuda kweparcenta iyo mwana anogamuchira michina inodikanwa.

Nzvimbo yemwana, semuviri wehupenyu hupi, hunoumbwa, hunokura uye hunokura. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi zvepanyama zvinofanira kuitwa panguva yakafanira. Muchiitiko ichi, kubata kuchaenderera mberi nekubudirira, uye mwana achava nehutano. Kana amai vane ramangwana vachida kuziva kuti, somuenzaniso, inofanira kunge yakakura yepentecenta mumavhiki makumi matatu nematatu ekuberekwa, anofanira kushandisa tafura chaiyo nehutungamiri zviratidzo. Urongwa hwakadaro huchapiwa munyaya iri pasi apa. Murumbidze kwaari iwe unogona kuziva kana nzvimbo yomwana iri kukura zvakanaka.

Ipapi iyo inogadzirwa?

Izwi placenta muchiLatin zvinoreva "keke". Iri nhengo yakatumidzwa saizvozvowo nekuda kwekutsvaga kwayo yakave yakagadzirirwa.

Panenge zuva rechigumi mushure mekuberekwa kwemasero, chinangwa chekupa hukuru pakati pemamai nemucheche, vanotanga kugoverana. Somugumisiro, ma-enzyme chaiwo anobudiswa. Basa ravo nderokuumba mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka muhutachi uterine kuitira kukwanisa kunotevera kwekugadzirisa mwana ane michina kubva mumuviri weamai. Mushure meizvi, kushandurana kweropa nguva dzose pakati pemukadzi ane pamuviri uye mwana anoumbwa. Kukura kwepascenta kunoshingaira zvokuti uwandu hwechirongwa ichi muzvikamu zvekutanga hunodarika ukuru hwembryo.

Zvakare kune kuwedzera kunowedzera kuyerwa uye kukura kwemuti wakaipa wemuhara wemwana. Iyo branching yemidziyo yeropa inoenderera mberi nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa kweumwe neumwe wemitemo yavo mune zvitsva zvitsva. Nhengo yakadaro yenguva pfupi inopedza chirongwa chekukura kakatova pedyo kusati kwazvarwa. Kururama kwekusimudzirwa kwenzvimbo yemwana kunoratidzwa nechiratidzo chakadai sechiremu chekutsvaira kwepentecenta nemavhiki. Tafura ine tsanangudzo inofananidzwa yezvipimo icharatidzwa pasi apa.

Sei tichida iyo placenta?

Basa guru relacenta nderokuvimbisa hupenyu hwemucheche munguva yose yekudzivirira. Nzvimbo yevana inoita mabasa anotevera:

• Inopa kuchengetedzwa kwemaununiti yemuchetura, kubvarura zvirongwa zvinodiwa zvemukadzi ane pamuviri kumwana, asi panguva imwechete anochengetedza masero ezvirwere zvemuviri maamai izvo zvinogona kukonzera nzira yekurambwa kwemucheto, kumutora kune chimwe chinhu chekunze;
• Anodzinga chepfu;
• Inodzivirira mwana kubva pamagariro asina kunaka ezvakatipoteredza, zvinokuvadza zvebhakitiriya nemavirusi;
• Basa seganda rekuvhara mukati, kugadzira mamwe mahomoni anodiwa pakuzvitakura zvakabudirira;
• Anopa fetus ne oksijeni uye anobvisa kukonzera carbon dioxide;
• Anopa mwana nemuviri uye anobatsira kubvisa zvigadzirwa zvehupenyu.

Mamiriro epa placenta ane simba rinonyanya kukosha pamamiriro emwana uye pamusana pekutora pamuviri seyakazara. Kuti uchengetedze hutano hwemuviri uyu, unofanirwa kuzvidzivirira kubva kune zvinokuvadza zvehupenyu hwakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, zvinokurudzirwa kuti urege kuunganidza vanhu vakawanda, nokuti kunyange banal ARI kana ARD inogona kuva nengozi. Amai vamangwana havafaniri kusvuta. Kana mukadzi ane zvirwere zvepabonde, vanofanira kubvisa.

Normative thickness of the placenta

Kubvira pakutanga kwekuzvimba, placenta iri kukura nekukura. Pakazosvika vhiki yegumi nemasere ichi chimi chinove chakashanda zvakazara. Kubwinya kwenzvimbo yemwana kunowedzera zvishoma zuva rimwe nerimwe. Iyo yakawanda inosvika kumavhiki 34. Kana mimba inowedzera zvakanaka, kana mushure memavhiki mashomanana kukura uye kuwedzera muhupamhi hwepascenta, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kusvika pakuderera.

Ichi chinoratidzi, kuratidzira nzvimbo yenzvimbo yemwana, inogona kutsanangurwa chete ne ultrasound kuongororwa. Nzvimbo ine uwandu hukuru hunofanira kuyerwa.

Kana kubwinya kwemazuva emwana pane imwe nguva yehutachiwana hakuenderani neanorative zviratidzo, saka kushanda kwemuviri uyu kunotywiswa. Munyaya iyi, mwana angatamburawo zvakare.

Chimwe chiratidzo chinogona kutarisa kuti nzvimbo yemwana ndeyekukura kwepentecenta nevhiki. Tafura ine tsika dzinobatsira dzichabatsira kuongorora mamiriro acho nenzira yakakodzera. Uye zvino funga mamiriro ezvinhu apo kubwinya kwenzvimbo yemwana kunopesana kubva kune imwechete.

Kana kubwinya kwepentecenta kune yakakwirira pane yakasarudzwa

Chikonzero chekuwedzeredza kwakanyanya kwepentecenta mumukadzi ane pamuviri kunogona kuva neanemia, gestosis, rhesus-kupikisana, chirwere cheshuga chinokonzera. Zvirwere zvinotapukira zvinokanganisawo nzvimbo yenzvimbo yemwana. Uye njodzi iripo kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu apo amai vanguva refu ndivo vanongotakura mabhakitiriya. Kana uine utsi hwepamuviri, uchinwa doro kana doroki zvinhu, ipapo kuwanda kwepascenta yayo kunogona kuwedzerwawo.

Mutengo wekukwegura kwemwana wemwana nehutano hwakadaro hunowedzera, izvo zvinoreva kuti mutumbi uyu unopindirana nemabasa ayo asina kukwana. Kana iyo placenta yakawedzerwa, inokura, chimiro chemadziro aro chinopesana, pane kuputsa kwemashure ehomoni. Mugumisiro wekuchinja kwakadaro hauna kukwana kwakakwana kwemwana ane oxygen nemuviri. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa mukukura kwe intrauterine yemwana, hypoxia, kuberekwa nguva isati yasvika kana kunyange kufa kwekuberekwa.

Kubva pamigumisiro ye ultrasound diagnostic, dopplerography kana cardiotocography, chiremba anogadza mukadzi ane pamuviri ane nzvimbo yakagadzikana yemwana kugadzirira izvo zvinokurudzira utero-nzvimbo yepachipatari uye kunotsigira kukurudzirwa kwemazuva ose. Kana mamiriro ehu fetus asingabvumi kutya, chiremba angazviisa pameso ekutarisa zvakanyanya amai vari mberi.

Kana kuwanda kwepentecenta kunopfuura kudarika

Mukati wepentecenta inogona kuratidza hypoplasia yenzvimbo yemwana. Iri ndiro zita rehurumende kana muviri uyu usingakwaniri zvakakwana uye haukwanisi kurarama zvinobudirira nemabasa ayo.

Kuwedzerwa kuderedza muhupamhi hwepentecenta kunogona kuva chinhu chebumbiro remukadzi ane pamuviri (izvi ndizvo zvinowanzoitika kune vakadzi vanoita zviduku zvakakura), uye zvinokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakawanda zvezvikonzero. Somuenzaniso, chirwere chakadaro chinogona kusimuka mushure mekunge amai vane ramangwana vakatambura chirwere chinotapukira. Uyewo inogona kukanganisa hutachiona, chirwere chehemolytic kana atherosclerosis.

Kana kusakwana kwakakwana kwepentecenta kune chikonzero cheimwe zvirwere zvemai vanguva yemberi, kuwedzera kweparameter iyi kunogona kuchinjwa nokurapa chirwere chakafanana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiremba anoshandisa mishonga, chinangwa chekudzikisa migumisiro yakaipa inokonzerwa nekubudirira kwomwana.

Inguva yekufungisisa chiratidzo ichocho chinokosha sekukura kwepentecenta.

Chii chiri kukura kwelacenta?

Kuyerera kwepascenta inzira yepanyama inofambidzana nekukura kwechimiro. Kubudirira kwenzvimbo yemwana kunoitika nenzira yakadai iyo inogona kunyatsogadzirisa uye yakakodzera nguva yekupa zvinodiwa zve fetus.

Chiyero chekukura kwechinzvimbo chemwana ndicho chiratidzo chinonyanya kukosha. Nekubatsira kwayo zvinokwanisika kuongorora mamiriro ehutano hwakaoma. Uyewo, chimiro ichi chinobatsira munguva yekuziva kushanduka kwechirwere mumamiriro ezvinhu emwana, izvo zvingava nemigumisiro yakaipa pamucheche.

Kana kutakura kuripo, ipapo panguva yepentecenta iyo inopfuura madigiri 4 ekukura. Tsanangudzo yakajeka yeumwe neumwe wavo inotevera pasi apa.

Chiyero chekutsvaga kwemalacenta nevhiki (tafura)

Kune zviyero 4 zvekukura kwechinzvimbo chemwana. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinopindirana nedzimwe nguva yekukura kwemuviri uyu.

Pasi pane chidimbu chidimbu chinotsanangura chiyero chimwe chekukura kwepentecenta nevhiki. Tafura ine maitiro ehutano hwehugaro hwemwana uye zvisikwa zvechiriyasi pamatanho akasiyana ekudzivirira.

Tafura inoratidza kuti dhigirii ye zero yekukura kwepascenta pamasvondo makumi matatu ndiyo chiratidzo chinenge chiri mukati mekurara. Kana chiremba mushure mekuongororwa kwaamai vanguva yemberi inongorumbidzwa kukura kwemazuva emwana, zvinoreva kuti pamuviri uri kufamba zvakanaka.

Tsanangudzo yakajeka yedhigiri rimwe nerimwe rekukura kwepa placenta

Chikamu chinotevera chekutsvaga kwemuti wepentecenta chinowanzotora kubva pa27 kusvika kuvhiki makumi matatu nemasere ekuberekwa. Munguva iyi, uwandu hwenzvimbo yemwana hunomisa kukura kwayo, asi hunyoro hwacho hunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Dhigirii yekutanga yepentecenta pamasvondo makumi 34 ndiyo chiratidzo chekanaka. Kunyangwe panguva ino mushure mokushanyira chiremba kune mukana wekudzidza kuti kukura kwemazuva emwana kwasvika pachikamu chechipiri. Uye izvi zvakare zvichava zvakasikwa.

Kubva pamasvondo makumi matatu inouya yakanyanya kunyarara uye yakagadzikana nzvimbo yekurera nzvimbo yemwana. Chikamu chechipiri chekukura kwepentecenta mumavhiki makumi mana isiri chiratidzo chemuganhu. Mushure menguva iyi, kukurudzirwa kwemuviri wekanguva kunofanirwa kuenda kumatatu echitatu. Kana kuchinja kwakadaro kunosati yasati yasvika, usanetseka. Kazhinji kazhinji hapana zvikonzero zvekunyomba munyaya iyi.

Chinotevera chinouya chiyero chechitatu chekukura kwepascenta. Pamasvondo makumi mana nemaviri uye gare gare nzvimbo yemwana inopinda chikamu chokupedzisira chekugadzirwa kwayo. Munguva iyi, kuberekwa kwechirwere chechikamu chenguva pfupi kunoitika. Icho chiri pamwe chete nekuderedzwa kwechitsinhanho nzvimbo yepa placenta uye kuonekwa kwekawanda nhamba ye calcium deposits.

Kana nzvimbo yemwana iri mberi kwechimiro chekugadzirisa kwayo kana, kana zvakadaro, inosungira shure kwayo, zvinokwanisika kukura kwezvirwere. Mamiriro akadaro anotsanangurwa pasi apa.

Zvisinganzwisisiki kukura kwepa placenta

Imwe yezvinetso zvinosangana nenzvimbo yemwana zvinogona kuva yakamera asati atanga. Pamusoro pemararamiro akadaro zvinokwanisika kutaura, kana 2 degree yekukura kwepentecenta pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri ekuberekwa atovapo. Muchiitiko ichi, mamiriro ehu fetus anofanira kunyatsoongororwa. Mushure mezvose, izvi zvinoratidza kushaya kukwana. Mamwe mashoko ezvakaitika izvi anowanzofungidzirwa pasi apa.

Chimwe chinetso chinowanzoitika kakawanda kupfuura chepakutanga ndechekutsvaga kwekugara kwemwana. Kazhinji kacho, hutano huno hunoonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kune hutano husina kunaka hwemucheche. Zvimwe zvinokonzera ngozi zvinokonzera chirwere cheshuga chemangwana amai, rhesus-mhirizhonga kana kuvapo kwezviito zvakakuvadza mumadzimai ane pamuviri, zvakadai sokusvuta kana kunwa doro. Kana pane kuchetera mukugadzirisa kwepentecenta, ipapo ngozi yekuzvarwa kwomwana akafa inowedzera.

Kutanga kusati kwasvika kwepascenta

Izvi zvinokurudzirwa kusati kwaitika, apo chikamu chechipiri chekukura kwepentecenta chinoitika pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri ekuzvimba uye mberi.

Zvikonzero zvinokonzera chirwere ichi zvinotevera:

• Gestosis;
• Kutengesa hormonal background;
• Zvirwere zvehutano hwemwoyo kana chirwere cheshuga mellitus muvakadzi vane pamuviri;
• Kuvapo kwezvirwere zvezvirwere zvinotapukira;
• Hypertension mumai anouya;
• Multiple pregnancies;
• Kuwedzera calcium mumuviri wemukadzi;
• Mharidzo kana musasa we placenta;
• Rhesus-kukakavara;
• Kushandisa doro rakaberekwa, nicotine, zvinodhaka.

Inotorwawo nguva isati yakwana kukura apo dhigirii rechitatu rekutsvaira kwemalacenta inoitika musati mavhiki 36 ekuzvitakura. Zvisinei, mukati mawo, kukwegura kwepakutanga kwenzvimbo yemwana hakusi ngozi pakarepo kune utano kana hupenyu hwomukomana. Kurwara kwakadaro kune ngozi munyaya iyo chiremba mushure mekuongororwa kwomudzimai ane pamuviri akaratidza kukanganisa kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa. Inogona kuva fetal hypoxia, intrauterine kukura kwekukurumidza, njodzi yekuberekwa nguva isati yakwana.

Vanachiremba vanofanira kutarisa hutachiona vachishandisa dzimwe nzira dzokuongorora. Kana kutya kuri kusimbiswa, mukadzi ane pamuviri anopiwa kurapa kwakakodzera, pane dzimwe nguva kunyange akamira.

Mhedziso

Chiratidzo chinonyanya kukosha che placenta chiyero chekukura kwayo. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuongororisa zvose zvehupenyu uye hutachiona hunochinja mune nhengo dzemazuva. Kushandisa tafura yakanakidzwa inowanikwa munyaya yacho, amai vanouya vanogona kudzidza pane imwe nguva yekuzvitakura nguva yakakodzera yekukura kwepentecenta. Vhiki makumi matatu nemasere, somuenzaniso, inofanira kuve yakaratidzwa nehukutanga hwekuvandudza nzvimbo yemwana.

Kana zvakaguma zvekuongororwa zvakangosiyana zvishoma nezvirongwa zvekusimudzira, haufaniri kunetseka. Vimba nechiremba wako. Achaitisa zvidzidzo zvekare, kuongorora mamiriro ehutusi uye, kana zvichidiwa, anorayira kurapa kwakakodzera.