Diffraction chiedza: Mibvunzo nemhinduro

Chiedza agara inoshamisa uye kukwezva vanhu. Akanga nechokuita pemasimba epamusoro. Light akapa upenyu - uye vanhu kuhunzwisisa kubvira munguva dzekare. Uchapupu - kunamatwa chiedza panobva - zuva. Uye nekuti vose mananara kuti munhu aisagona kutsanangurwa pachishandiswa zivo akanga yavaibatisa iye zvikuru. Mumwe zviitiko izvi, izvo kazhinji ngaiteerere munhu anoti - the diffraction wechiedza. Chii?

Fani anogona kuonekwa pachedu, kana Ndinomusuwa kachiedza chiedza rakamanikana hwomukova uye tarira ruvara chiedza yakapfuura kuburikidza nawo. Tinoona kuti kumativi kumuganhu - rakatumbuka rima uye chiedza mitsetse. Nei tichifanira kuona mufananidzo izvozvo?

Chokwadi kuti mafungu pane dzimwe pfungwa tarisa panzvimbo kusimbisa mumwe, uye vamwe, nekusiyana, vari kushorwa, uye saka kubvisa mumwe kunze. The dzakananga geometric parameters ari zvichizoita muenzaniso vari novimba ari wavelength (Naizvozvo mafungu tsvuku uye munyoro chiedza chichava yakasiyana diffraction muenzaniso) uye dhayamita chechiedza danda. Iye anova cylindrical cone. Ndiro diffraction nechiedza. Asi Chiitiko ari kudyidzana nemafungu anonzi chipingaidzo. Zita iri Chiitiko muzana remakore rechi19. Chipingaidzo uye diffraction chiedza - mananara kuti zvinowanzotsanangurwa wefizikisi mabhuku.

Chii kushandiswa chaikwo ichi chinoshamisa panyama? zvinokubatai ake paunoronga nokusika Manyiminya mano (makamera, mamaikorosikopu, materesikopu), nokuti zvose vane izvo kuti ichikutadzisa pomukombero chiedza chawo kupenya.

Kusiyanisa diffraction iri pedyo mapazi (pfungwa panguva iyo kuwa kongiri danda pedyo chipingamupinyi). Fani iyi anotakura zita Fresnel diffraction. Asi kana diffraction riri mumunda kure (kuwadzana mwaranzi kungokundwa dzakafanana), kuti yefizikisi kuti vanouti ari Fraunhofer diffraction. Iye ane kuziva pfuma: kana mugomba iri zvakakwana guru, ipapo diffraction achagara asingaoneki.

Uye bhuku pamusoro wefizikisi tatarisana rokuti diffraction nesefa. Chii? Optical mudziyo, inova yakajeka kana kuratidza ndiro chete inofambirana zvokurova rikashandiswa. Ichipfuura chiedza chena, zvinogona kuonekwa kuparadzana chiedza chakarondedzera. Hongu, yekamuri yava mavara ari muraraungu mavara. Prism rinopa chakarondedzera rimwe chete, uye bvunzurudza - vashoma. Hazvina mumwe, nekuti chiedza rwakakamukana matanda kuumbwa evapambi siyana, uye refu yacho spectra, kunokonzera nemwaranzi kwekona ndezvimwe zvokutsauka kubva pakutanga negwara.

Zvisinei, nokuti unogona ichipfuura grille chiedza kwete chete chena. Asi uyewo kubatidza chinopfuudzwa kuburikidza fuma. nzira iyi inonzi spectral kuongorora uye anoratidza Kuronga ivhu. Maererano sei mwaranzi vakasiya mushure nomunyika diffraction chendarira, zvinokwanisika kuziva nezvinotaurwa mutsvakurudzi anokubatai.

Uye iwe, zvakare, ndakaona diffraction nesefa, achangobva kuona. Mubvunzo? Ndipo apo nguva yokupedzisira iwe yakanga yakabatawo nemotokari kuti kombiyuta. Aitambisa zvakanaka zvose mavara ose muraraungu. Imi makaona, pasina ndazviziva, ari Chiitiko wechiedza diffraction. Nzvimbo iri dhisiki hwaakange Data vari nemaziso hillocks (saka nemotokari zvokuti nehanya kukuvadza), uye kutsikisa rinoitwa mudenderedzwa, saka Laser Disc pamusoro - yakasimba nesefa.

Zvisinei, funga diffraction chinonakidza kunyatsotevera. Uye kuziva chii diffraction wechiedza, kana isu kutsanangurira mutauro nyore. Saka, kana mwaranzi kusangana ane impermeable chinodzivirira, chiedza mwaranzi vanopfuura pedyo chaizvo pamupendero wayo, havaendi kurudyi, mafungu sezvinonzi vanobwembura kumativi nezvipingamupinyi vanosangana mumugwagwa. Kuburikidza iyi, chinozunguzirwa anokwanisa zvizere kukotama kumativi zvinhu kuti haasi mukuru kupfuura kureba kwayo.

Kufambira Mberi kudzidza wefizikisi!