Dzemunharaunda Tsanangudzo: pfungwa uye nenheyo

tsanangudzo yetsika anopa tsanangudzo avo kana zvimwe Mapato akashandiswa mutemo. Somuenzaniso, muna Criminal Code anojekesa pfungwa dzakadai waini, ive umboo, umhondi, inorondedzerwa Civil Code, kuti wazvipira kwakadaro, contractual ukama, uye zvichingodaro. Kazhinji, tsanangudzo mitemo dziri munzvimbo dzakasiyana pamusoro mutemo. Zvisinei, vanogona kuwanika huru chikamu. Funga zvimwe uchida mitemo tsananguro. Nyaya achava kupatsanura urongwa uhwu pamusoro dzakasiyana chikonzero.

chikuru mashoko

A ushe anoonekwa somunhu mutemo mumwe maitiro. Zviri rokumanikidzirwa vanhu vose. Kutadza kutevedza mitemo rinobatanidza basa. Translated kubva muchiLatin nokutonga rinoreva "mushonga chaiwo", "mharidzo". Zvichitevera bhuku (bhuku), zvinonzi vachinzwisisa ehurumende-imperious hunhu. The denderedzwa vanhu vari pasi acho, kwete kunorondedzerwa. Rinosanganisira zvose vagari, masangano, mamiriro miviri. Unobva mamiriro, ushe runochengetedzwa nayo.

The vakawanda hunhu

It runoratidzwa kuparadzirwa chiito nokuda isingazivikanwi uwandu nyaya. Norm anoshumira muenzaniso yokuzvibata. Zvinonzi hapana chaiyo rwendo, haisi kutaurirwa imwe munhu. Izvi zvakasiyana Somuenzaniso, pedyo kuti dare. Action dzemunharaunda zvainanga avo masangano vanopinda kana anogona kupinda kana vakatobatana muzvirongwa ukama anodzorwa naro. The vakawanda zvisikwa unokubvumira kuchinja ose chairo mhosva uye kufukidza zvose ezvinhu, nyaya kwokukurukurirana.

umboo

mitemo All, tsanangudzo, kusanganisira, muri reusable. chinangwa chavo chikuru kushumira murau vamwe mabhora ose evanhu ukama. Dzemunharaunda vanoitirwawo kunyorerana pasi zvose. Somuenzaniso, reLabour Code rine urongwa inodzora kukurukurirana vose vanhu vanobatanidzwa rwekuita ukama. Standards ndeakaita chete hunhu uye muganhu wekuongorora, mukati kutsanangurwa kwayo murau. Urongwa All vanoonekwa chaihwoihwo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mitemo dzisina chokuita zvinodiwa penyaya kana vashoma vanhu. Zvinokoshawo ndezvokuti ari achimiririra-tichisunga hunhu wavo. Dzemunharaunda dzinopa mumwe munhu kuita imwe nzira uye panguva imwecheteyo anotaurira vamwe vaite mabasa akafanana kana kuti yokurega kwavari.

mamiriro

Sechikamu mitemo pane zvinhu zvitatu:

1. Pfungwa (pfungwa).
2. Unhu. Kunoratidza nhamba imwe chiitiko.
3. Mvumo. Rinomiririra hurumende norudaviro imwe chiito zvinopfuura kwose kushanda womuenzaniso maitiro.

kupatsanura

Kuparadzana yemirau pamusoro muchikwata zvinogona, zvichienderana hunhu matambudziko pamusoro noukama munzanga. Maererano chokuratidza ichi govera zvokudya:

1. Kufadza.
2. Prohibitory.
3. Dispositive (yaibvumira).

Zvichienderana dhigirii yokuwana kusiyanisa mitemo:

1. Inotodiwa. Zvavakaita anodiwa zvose, pasina kurwadziwa.
2. Discretionary. Zvavanokupai chisarudzo chakarurama.

The kupatsanura anogona kuitwa uye mhando kuita murau dzokusimukira mukukurukurirana. On hwaro ichi govera mitemo:

1. Ascertains. Rinoratidza zvakajeka chero chokwadi.
2. Pamutemo. Urongwa uhwu inodzora mitemo yokuzvibata mune ezvinhu akasiyana.
3. vatevedzere mutemo. Urongwa aya akatorwa kubata masangano mukati mitemo isingachinji.

Definitions - kwemitemo, achiti hunhu tinazvo.

Key ehupfumi

Standards tsanangudzo kunge ose ehupfumi pamusoro apa. Hadzioneki uye kukanganisa chinhu isingazivikanwi uwandu nyaya. Chinhu chikuru Chinangwa zvokudya izvi muchifarira kujekeswa pfungwa inoshandiswa mutemo. Vakawanda tsanangudzo ndozvakajairwa muBumbiro reMitemo. The Basic Mutemo inopa dzinokosha Pfungwa uye rinopa tsanangudzo yavo. Kutsunga of Russian Federation, anotaurwa Art. 1 Chapter 1, anoita somunhu recital zvaigara. Definition muBumbiro reMitemo zvinoumba yepamutemo hwaro zvose dzimwe nezvidimbu mutemo.

Key nzvimbo

Dzemunharaunda uye mitemo zvinodiwa tsanangudzo kupiwa Pfungwa zviitiko uye Mapato muna 3 munzvimbo chikuru kutandadzana:

1. General vehurumende.
2. Criminal.
3. Related kuti rezvedzidzo pfuma dziviriro.

ukoshi

Zvinokosha hurumende hurongwa, kugadzwa uye kushanda hurumende masangano, uye paruzhinji uye enyika Songaniro vomunharaunda kuzvitonga, asi Implementation ari mabasa uye kodzero vemo uye mapoka avo kuisa mitemo nenheyo. Dzemunharaunda kujekesa tsanangudzo rese ukama izvi anokosha kutanga. Vanoumba kwegadziriro evanhu mukukurukurirana. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, tsanangudzo muchidimbu uye kungoita kududzira pfungwa dzakaoma.

basa

Munzvimbo kanoda pamutemo tsanangudzo uye unyanzvi woshanda zvinodiwa. Recent ritaure paumbwe dzimwe mapatani yokuzvibata. Zvisinei, vanoisa mitemo kufungisisa peculiarities imwe nzvimbo yebasa. Pamutemo uye zviri pamutemo tsanangudzo uye anokosha mitemo kubatsira chiwedzere Specification ari Conceptual midziyo. Izviwo, inopa simba pamusoro pokumuka aiita munharaunda nani. Huru mabasa kuti aite mitemo inofanira kusanganisira:

1. Pakuvambwa kwenyika.
2. Inodzidzisa.
3. Tsananguro.
4. Pamutemo.
5. Information.
6. Weupirikiri.

Kupa nomutemo nokusimbisa ichi kana kuti chikamu, kubvisa mukana zvakasiyana mhirikiro.

Types kukwidza zvokudya

Kupatsanura tsanangudzo kunze munzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Nzira vakawanda anoita kupatsanurwa Kusiyanisa kunobva kunzwisisa ukama pakati akasiyana pfungwa, yakawiriranwa kutendeuka mumwe. Mitemo sainzi Unotsanangura mapoka matatu tsanangudzo:

1. Dzidziso. Vakatsunga sechivako chero dzidziso.
2. Kushanda-rikashandiswa. Ndivo tsanangudzo izvo zvave zviri nedanho evanhu mabasa vaiva mabasa inonyoreswa pamusoro pemasimba epamusoro uye zvino fanira kuti zvidzidzo zvose.
3. Legal. Vari wakasiyiwa nomazvo mumiriri (zvemitemo) masangano. mitemo akadaro prescriptive. Munzvimbo yayo, kukosha basa iri mutemo evanhu mukukurukurirana zvakasiyana kubva pakutanga uye wechipiri. Zvisinei, panguva imwe cheteyo zvimwe sezvisingakundiki musiyano pakati pemapoka matatu asipo, nekuti vanoita se zvinokosha wokuRussia pamutemo hurongwa.

Zvichienderana nyaya iyo panodikanwa kushandisa tsanangudzo, ivo akakamurwa:

1. Obscheupotreblyaemye. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya mazwi akadai "mushandi", "mushandirwi", "chibvumirano" uye nezvakadaro.
2. Special. mazwi aya anogona kunzi nyanzvi. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya sezvo "jurisprudence" rinogona kunzi chinhu chakadai.

Dzemunharaunda tsanangudzo: mienzaniso

Sezvo kumusoro ambotaurwa, tsanangudzo varipo vari mitemo yakawanda. Criminal Code anotsanangura pfungwa umhondi. Vakaziva Mazvokuda infliction worufu kune mumwe mugari. The Criminal Code rine tsanangudzo uye dzimwe pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, anotsanangura mhosva kuti zvakadai hwose. Vakadana chiito ngozi vanhu, achipa pave kushandiswa mhosva anoranga mhosva. In Art. 1 Chapter 1 inotsanangura pfungwa reMitemo of Russian Federation - a dzegutsaruzhinji yeUnited ezvinhu ane Republican chehurumende.

zvakawanikwa

Ongorora apa, tinogona kugumisa zvinotevera. Standards tsanangudzo ndivo vanotungamirira umo inotsanangura dzinokosha pfungwa rakashandiswa mitemo, inova zvisingagamuchirwi zvakawanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu anokosha chinangwa mabasa avo chaiwo uye yakarurama kutsunga imwe chikamu chimwe chiitiko. Chero zvakawanda Pfungwa kungakonzera kutyorwa panguva kushandiswa kwemitemo iri tsika. Izviwo, kungaita kuti kukanganisa pamusoro zvinodiwa vemo, nomutemo masangano, mamiriro hurumende masangano nedzimwe masangano munyaya zvimwe. Dzemunharaunda tsanangudzo anofanira kuva akajeka kwete chete kune muparamende kana hurumende masangano, asiwo kune voruzhinji. Panyaya iyi, akashandiswa tsanangudzo vanofanira ane mukana mashoko nyore, izvo havafaniri kutsanangura zvinorehwa gare gare. Pamwe nerondedzero iyi inofanira kupa kupfuura kwakakwana tsanangudzo mumwe muboka kana mumwe. Kujekeswa rirege makwanza kana vagueness.

mhedziso

Hakusi kuti tsanangudzo zvinodiwa zvinokosha kuti hurongwa. Zvisinei, avo kukosha uye basa rakaoma kuona. Definition anobudiswa nokuda zvakajeka uye pachena mitemo. Nyanzvi vanokurudzira asati kuverenga chero chiito kudzidza Nhanganyaya (general) chikamu. Kazhinji rine ose mazwi akashandiswa mumurairo, uyewo kuzvizivisa kwavari. Kazhinji mabasa ane nezvemakwikwi mitemo tsanangudzo. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti varege wakaremedza mashoko okuti uye tsanangudzo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiito ichi anoruramiswa nekuti pane mitemo yakadaro umo zvakawanda uye kwebasa rinofanira mamwe mashoko mazviri kukodzera. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti vagari kuziva zvinokosha nemitemo tsanangudzo kuripo mudzimai pamutemo hurongwa. In tsika, anogona here kuuya batsira, kunyanya nguva kana iwe kuwana kumatare kana zviremera. Zviri pamutemo kuverenga munhu ane mukana nani chokudzivirira nyaya yavo. Panguva iyoyo inogona kudzivirira zvarwo vakazvimiririra, pasina kubatsirwa magweta. Asi dzimwe nguva mumwe tsanangudzo ruzivo hazvikwani. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, unofanira kunzwisisa nezvehukorokodzwa murayiro, kuti titungamirirwe munyaya dzinoti vavo kuchinja, kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu chaicho vamwe zvokudya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, Chokwadi, kuita pasina achibatsirwa gweta.