Guta rekare muEfeso Turkey: tsananguro uye nhoroondo

Guta rekare reEfeso (Turkey), iri kumadokero chikamu Peninsula Malaya Aziya, aizivikanwawo nezita ayo Antalya Greek. By zvinodiwa ano zviri zviduku - vagari vemo haawanzotauri rinosvika 225 zviuru vanhu .. Zvisinei, nemhaka nhoroondo yaro uye pazvivako, akachengetedzwa kubva emakore apfuura, zviri chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru dzakashanyira maguta munyika.

City mwarikadzi wembereko

Munguva dzekare, uye rakavakwa nevaGiriki muna XI remakore BC. e., guta rakanga rakakurumbira pano makamutsiridzazve kunamatwa yomunharaunda wembereko, pakupedzisira mudzidziso mwarikadzi wembereko Atemisi. Izvi rupo uye nomutsa nebozhitelnitse ari VI remakore BC. e. vagari veguta akavaka temberi, vakaona somumwe zvinomwe zvinoshamisa munyika.

City yeEfeso yakasvika kubudirira mune VI remakore BC kusingaenzaniswi. e., paakazviwana pasi pesimba rake Lydian mambo Croesus, ane zita iri mumutauro ano kwava kwakafanana upfumi vakabata. Izvi unonyura muumbozha mutongi akaponesa hapana nzira uye yakashongedzwa temberi yaro mifananidzo yose itsva, uye aiita somunhu vaichengetedza pakati zveun'anga, sayenzi uye uri anorichengeta. Panguva guta vake yakakurumbira namazita ayo vakawanda vakakurumbira unhu, dzakadai muzivi yekare Heraclitus uye nyanduri yekare Cullin.

Life muguta muzana remakore rokutanga AD

Zvisinei, kubudirira guta racho rinozotora I-II remakore AD. e. Panguva iyi aiva chikamu hweRoma, uye kubudirira kwayo vakapedza mari yakawanda, saka dzakavakwa aqueducts, Library of Celsus, namabhati - dzokugezera vekare, uyewo reconstructed Greek yemitambo. Mumwe guta racho zvinokwezva zhinji yakanga penzira yaro chikuru, Dzinoburukira chengarava uye yakashongedzwa mbiru uye porticoes. Iye akanzi ari kukudzwa Roman Emperor Arcadius.

City muEfeso inotaurwa kakawanda muTestamende Itsva, kunyanya mubhuku "MABASA AVAPOSTORI" uye "Zvakazarurwa", anozivikanwawo sokuti "Apocalypse". Vateveri vaJesu vakatanga kuonekwa mairi kunyange muushumiri dzeMuponesi yepanyika, uye 52-54 muguta akararama uye vakaparidza shoko raMwari, muapostora Pauro. Vaongorori vane zvakare chikonzero chokudavira kuti Ioann Bogoslov, uyo akafa uye akavigwa paEfeso, pano akanyora vhangeri rake. Tradition Sacred chinobatanidza guta okupedzisira makore oupenyu Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary - Mother Jesu Kristu.

Sea, watizira guta

At pakuvambwa Efeso - guta yaAtemisi - yakavambwa pamhenderekedzo kuGungwa reAegean uye ndicho chikamu chikuru chengarava muzinda kare. Asi zvaisafungidzirwa zvakaitika - kana Goddess vakakavadzana Zeus, mutongi mukuru, uye akadurura hasha dzake pamusoro guta, kana zvikonzero vaiva kurongeka, asi chete VI remakore BC. e. Harbor Reururai kudzika uye vashoma chete silt.

Residents vaifanira kutama misha yavo kunzvimbo itsva yaiva pedyo chipo Turkish taundi Selcuk, kutanga kuvaka pamusoro pechikomo Ayyasoluk. Asi gungwa vachiri vakaramba mumusiye, nokunyima dzakawanda ichi rekare mari guta. Efeso vakapedzisira kupinda kuora. Ko vamwe Madhaka uye kudengenyeka, muzadze paro matongo nejecha, uye vakachengetwa inochengeterwa vematongo ramangwana.

Akanganwa Monument yekare

Case vakapedza navaArabhu ari VII remakore, kutora chikamu vachirwisa dzavo, uye pakupedzisira akaparadza zvinhu zvisati zvasvika kuti ruoko bofu maatomu akafanana. emakore Seven Papera, hweOttoman Empire akakunda chikamu chikuru Asia Minor, uye kusanganisira ndima yakanga yakabatana Efeso guta Ayyasoluk.

Kubvira panguva iyoyo akatanga kukura, asi mukati vechiIslam tsika. On mumigwagwa paiva mosques, caravanserais uye Turkish dzokugezera. Kunyange makore zana pashure guta Yakazopiwa zita rokuti, uye akawana zita rayo aripo Selçuk, Efeso uye guta rakanga pakupedzisira kusiyiwa uye nehope kuti emakore mashoma pasi paiva jecha rinoshandiswa pano mhepo inopisa.

Kucherwa matongo Zvokutopenga

Nhoroondo matongo Zvakafukunurwa muguta rekare yakatanga kusvika 1863. Ivo vakava initiator ane injiniya British uye mapurani Dzhon Tertl Wood, zvakagadzirirwa kuvaka muTurkey njanji zvechitima. Kupiwa kuti awane Efeso Temberi yaAtemisi, ataurwa muTestamende Itsva, akagamuchira mvumo nezviremera zvomunzvimbo kuita mabasa.

Basa kwaisava nyore, nokuti ruzivo chete riwanikwe akiyorojisiti-vakadzidzisa kuti aiva mashoko pamusoro nzvimbo muguta reEfeso, asi hapana chaizvo mashoko pamusoro wayo marongerwo uye zvivako akanga.

City, amuka chinhu

Makore matatu gare gare, nyika nendege pamusoro mishumo wokutanga akaita naJohane Wood zvakawanwa, uye kubvira panguva iyoyo guta reEfeso, apo zvapfuura emakore kusika kunoshamisa Monuments of netsika, akasungwa kuna ake achengetedzwe.

Nanhasi muguta akachengetedzwa rakasiyana Zvivako zhinji kuva weRoma nguva munhoroondo yacho. Kunyange akapiwa chokwadi kuti zvikuru hachisati unearth nhasi zvinooneka nemaziso, chinoshamisa iine runako rwayo uye zvinoita kuti kufungidzira ukuru uye uchenjeri weguta racho ichatonga zvine mbiri.

Theater uye uchinditungamirira iye Marble Street

Mumwe mukuru zvinokwezva vari kumatongo eEfeso, mitambo yake, iyo yakavakwa yaitonga vaGiriki, asi kwave kuchiita chinokosha rokuvakazve panguva yaitonga mambo weRoma Domitian uye mutsivi Trajan vake. Izvi zvechokwadi mukuru chivako vakagamuchira vakabata makumi maviri nezvishanu vaoni, uye gare gare munguva ndiyo chikamu rusvingo rweguta.

Uyo anoenda muguta reEfeso nomugungwa, aigona mberi kubva pachiteshi kuenda yemitambo pamusoro chetyrohsotmetrovoy mumugwagwa, mudungwe pamwe machena Slabs. Retail zvitoro, akamira naye parutivi, alternated pamwe mifananidzo vanamwari vekare uye magamba kare kuti sei maonero vashanyi wayo zvakakwana. Nenzira, guta rakanga kwete chete aesthetes, asiwo inoshanda zvikuru vanhu - Pavaichera pasi mumigwagwa akawana tsime kunyatsobudirira abudise hurongwa.

Raibhurari - chipo Roman Emperor

Pakati tsika dzimwe nzvimbo munyika yekare guta reEfeso aizivikanwa nokuda raibhurari yacho, anonzi Celsus Polemeana - baba weRoma Tita Yuliya, ndiye akaivaka vanoyeukwa pake, uye akagadzira mumwe dzimba ose sarcophagus ake. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuvigwa vakafa paruzhinji zvivako hweRoma aiva mashoma uye kubvumirwa chete vanenge chaiyo zvemashoko wemufi.

Kukunda zvimedu zvezvivako, ndivo chikamu France, zvikuru yakashongedzwa ndeyokufananidzira mifananidzo, akaisa mukati niche. Kamwe muunganidzwa of Library of Celsus yaisanganisira mipumburu gumi nezviviri kuchengetwa kwete chete makabhati uye echiShinto, asi pasi kwake wakapamhama dzimba.

Temple, wairindwa ne Gorgon Medusa

Kuwedzera Temberi yaAtemisi, akanga ari chiratidzo guta rekare, zvakanzi yakavakwa muEfeso achiri nzvimbo dzakawanda dzokunamatira. Mumwe wavo ari Adrian tsvene, matongo izvo zvinogona kuonekwa akatendeuka kubva Marble Street. kuvaka Its yakatanga kusvika gore 138 BC. e. Kubva unoriumba ukuru temberi iyi wechihedheni kwaingova vashoma vasara zvimedu.

Pakati pavo - mbiru ina yeKorinde kutsigira munhu mativi pediment ane semicircular yokufeva pakati. Mukati metemberi unogona kuona Bhanabhasi-zvakazorodza Medusa vakarinda temberi, uye pakatarisana rusvingo - mifananidzo siyana vanamwari vekare, imwe nzira kana imwe chokuita nheyo guta. Chokutanga, paivawo mifananidzo yacho chaizvo vanatenzi zvenyika - Roman Madzimambo Maximian, Diocletian Gallery, asi nhasi vava guta miziyamu Exhibits.

Nzvimbo iri vakapfuma vaigara muguta reEfeso

Nhoroondo yeguta iri nguva yokutonga weRoma immortalized akavaka pedo pamukova mutemberi Hadrian sculptural zvakaoma kuti vakakomba tsime Trajan. Pakati murwiyo vakasimuka machena chifananidzo chamambo, umo imwe mvura ndege denga nyandu. Around naye kuremekedza kunoisawo dzichengeterwe mifananidzo usingafi vaigara Olympus. Nhasi zvivezwa ava vashongedze miziyamu dzokusanganira.

Pakatarisana Temberi Hadrian vaiva kumba, apo iye aiva chikamu yevashoma nzanga kuEfeso. Kuti akariisa mashoko ano, yakanga vapfumi kota. Zvayaiva pachikomo, chivako rakagadzirwa nenzira kuti padenga neimwe chiri panze chinjiri kuti pedyo yaiva pamwero pazasi. Zvakanaka-vakachengetedzwa waMosesi, iyo rwakagadzirira nzira pamberi mudzimba, anopa pfungwa rwokuramba umo avo vageremo kurarama.

Buildings pachavo vakanga achiwanza yakashongedzwa Pamifananidzo uye zvivezwa akasiyana, zvishoma vakachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi. Vavanotonga zvaisanganisira, kuwedzera kutsika mu Pakadaro, vanamwari vekare, uye kunyange mifananidzo inozivikanwa vanhu vekare. Somuenzaniso, mumwe wavo akabatwa Muzivi wechiGiriki Socrates.

guta dzvene Christian

Muguta rino inoshamisa pamwe pamwe Zvivako chouhedheni yekare, uye akatsiviwa netsika yake yechiKristu, rimwe riri Basilica St. John. Muzana VI remakore, Emperor Justinian I akarayira nekuivaka kusvikira apo, anofungidzirwa, akavigwa muApostora - muvambi "Apocalypse", uyewo Evhangeri.

Asi chikuru neKijuni kuEfeso Christian, hapana mubvunzo, ndiyo imba apo, maererano nengano, akapedza makore ake okupedzisira, Amai vaJesu Kristu - Holy Virgin Mary. Maererano nengano, kare pamuchinjikwa mununuri akarayira kuchengeta mudzidzi wake waaida - Muapostora Johani, uyo, vakabata dzvene murayiro Vadzidzisi perevoz naye kumba kwake muEfeso.

Panewo ngano tsvarakadenga chokuita nomumwe mumapako yaiva mujinga mechikomo pedyo makomo akareba. Maererano nezvinodavirwa nevakawanda, mumazuva yokutambudzwa chiKristu mairi akanunura majaya vanomwe, vanozviti kutenda kwechokwadi. Kuti aponese kubva vamwe rufu, Ishe akauyisa pamusoro pavo hope huru, apo vakapedza maviri emakore. Awake VaKristu vechiduku vane kare njodzi - kutenda kwavo panguva iyoyo yakava chitendero wehurumende.