Hondo Russian-nePezhiya 1826-1828.

Pakutanga ari XIX remakore, Russian Empire uye Persia vakanga nharo kuti simba kuCaucasus uye kweGungwa reCaspian nemhenderekedzo. Pakati masimba maviri aya akagadzirisa nyika dzakadai Georgia, Armenia uye Dagestan. Muna 1804 vakatanga yokutanga hondo yeRussia-Persian. Ndokuguma pashure pemakore mapfumbamwe. Kubva pane ahwo, kusimuka saGulistan norugare zvibvumirano, Russia asanganiswe Georgian uye ubatanidzwewo Armenian nyika.

The kukundwa nevaPezhiya hazvina kufadza. The nyika wava yakakurumbira revanchist mashoko. Shah aida vavezve akarasika province. Nemhaka iyi vasingawirirani kurwisana nezvido vakatanga hondo Russian-Persian (1826-1828). Zvinokonzera kurwisana uye kusawirirana munzvimbo vakaita izvozvo hakudzivisiki.

The nedzenyu mamiriro ezvinhu

Kugadzirira imwe hondo itsva yakatanga muna Persia, pakarepo pashure pokukundwa muna 1813. Chekutanga fath-Ali Shah Qajar akaedza kutsvaga kutsigirwa masimba European. Asati kuti, akavimba Napoleon Bonaparte, uyo akaita ukama nevaPersia ari avaida kurwiswa Russia muna 1812. The mashoko waiti ari chibvumirano Finkeshteynskom.

Zvisinei, kubvira ipapo, mamiriro ezvinhu nyika hwachinja. The Napoleonic Wars yakaguma muna kukundwa France uye chinzvimbo Emperor, uyo akanga ari muutapwa musi St. Helena. Shah aida shamwari itsva. Asati atanga muhondo 1826-1828 Russian nePezhiya., Kwatinoitwa Persia akatanga kugovera UK.

In ichi masimba yaitonga akanga zvarwo mudunhu Asian. Kingdom anazvo ne India, uye mumiririri British chinoitwa wevechitendero zvipikirwa kwete kurega chero vavengi nyika iyi muLondon. Panguva iyoyowo kurwisana payakatanga pakati Persia uye Turkey. British peacekeepers vakaita basa iri akurukure hweOttoman Empire achiedza kunyengetedza Shah kundorwa nomumwe muvakidzani - Russia.

Pausiku hondo

Panguva ino, mwanakomana fath Ali Shah Abbas Mirza yechipiri yakaitwa weuto muPezhiya. Akanga basa kugadzirira hondo zvinetso zvitsva uye tiite zvinhu zvose zvakafanira. Army mazuvaano raitsigirwa ne UK. Masoja vanogamuchira zvombo zvitsva uye yunifomu, pamwe yakatengwa muna Europe. Saka Abbas Mirza akaedza kukunda hwokugadzira backwardness zvavo kubva muzvikamu Russian pasi. Zvaraiva raiva danho mugwara, asi ayo kuchinja Iranian kumuzinda zvikuru akakurumidza, achiedza kusarasikirwa nguva. Izvi akabatanidzwa utsinye chinosekesa. Kana hondo wokuRussia-Persian, uyo aimbotaurawo okupedzisira kurwisana, kuti kuona shanduko mumusasa muvengi. Asi havana kuvaringana kukurira pakakoromoka yaiva pakati mauto ose Nicholas I uye Shah.

Muna 1825, Zimbabwe militarists akabvuma nomufaro nhau kuti Russian Emperor Alexander I akafira Taganrog pakarepo. Ake kubva noupenyu kwakatungamirira pfupi dynastic dambudziko uye (zvakakosha) kumukira Decembrists. Alexander akanga asina vana, uye chigaro chaiva kutamira inotevera mukoma, Constantine. Akaramba, uye pakupedzisira akatanga kutonga Nicholas akanga asina kugadzirira ichi. By nokudzidziswa aiva musoja. Decembrist kumukira akamutungamirira kuva nehasha. Kana kubvuta masimba kuedza akatadza, muSt Petersburg, akatanga muedzo refu.

Zvakaita pamazuva mazano matsva mambo akatanga vaudze mambo kuti wokumaodzanyemba muvakidzani uchigadzirira pachena kuti kurwisana nezvombo. Mutungamiriri wenyika Caucasus aiva akakurumbira General Aleksey Ermolov. Past hondo Russian-Persian kwakaitika pamberi pake, uye iye, akaita munhu, aiziva ngozi kusawirirana itsva. Hazvina mukuru uyu kazhinji zvairatidzika Nicholas pamusoro tarisiro kuCaucasus.

The Emperor akapindura nani usimbe, asi zvakadaro akabvuma kutumira Tehran Prince Alexander Menshikov. The ramangwana Minister of Navy havana kuwana mutauro nevakawanda chete vamiriri Persian. Mambo akapa atarisire mirayiridzo, maererano izvo aida kusiya chikamu nharo Talysh Khanate mukutsinhana murunyararo kugarwa makakatanwa. Zvisinei muna Tehran haana kugamuchira vaitaura izvi. Menshikov kunyange asungwa, pamwe zvose nhume, kunyange kare yakabudiswa muna 1827.

kupindira Persian

Kukundikana risati Nhaurirano zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti hondo yacho Russian-Persian asi atanga. July 16, 1826 Iranian mauto vakayambuka muganhu munzvimbo Azerbaijan ano, apo paiva Talysh uye Karabakh khanate. oparesheni Izvi zvakaitwa muchivande uye nokunyengera, hapana mukuru chiziviso kumbova hondo.

Pamuganhu vakanga chete mauto kuzvidzivirira vakaungana akakurumidza uye zvinosanganisira vomunharaunda Azerbaijanis. Havana kugona kupa zvakakomba nemishonga wakagadzirirwa neuto Persian. Vamwe Vagari vanoita Islam, kunyange akabatana vanopinda nechisimba. Maererano urongwa, Abbas Mirza, hondo Persian kwaiva kuenda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero achitevedza mipata ari Kura River. Chinangwa chikuru kwainzi guru redunhu Tiflis. Zvakanakisa, mauto eRussia zvaifanira ndokukandwa mhiri Terek.

Hondo kuCaucasus nharaunda agara aiva mashoma tactical zvinhu chokuita chaizvo nzvimbo. Enda akatevedzana nyika zvaiita chete kuburikidza zvimwe pemipata. Achiita kuCaucasus, nevaPezhiya vakatuma ebetsero mauto kuchamhembe, ndichitarisira kuti vasanzwa zvose nzira hondo huru Russian.

Hondo iri Karabakh

The huru boka pasi zvakananga noutungamiriri Abbas Mirza akaverenga varwi 40.000. Uto ichi vakayambuka muganhu rwizi Araks ndokunanga vakananga nhare Shushi. Pausiku murayiro Persian akaedza kutsvaga rutsigiro vomunharaunda khans, vaiva vatungamiriri Azerbaijanis vaigara muguta. Vamwe vavo vari chaizvoizvo akavimbisa Abbas Mirza rutsigiro.

In Shusha sezvo Armenian Vagari vemo Orthodox, izvo, kusiyana, kwave akavimbika kuzviremera Russian. Boka ravarwi nhare yaiva Boka Cossacks. Rakakombwa vakasarudza kutora mubatwa ari khans vaMuslim, vakanga vaifungidzirwa hurumende uye pamwe chete nevaPezhiya. Zvakatanga rokukurumidzira kurovedza varwi, rwaiumbwa kazhinji kubva vokuArmenia. Pasinei simba zviito Cossacks, Shusha haana chinhu chakafanana guru zvokudya uye nezvombo zvakafanira kuti abudirire enhare kurwisa kana wakakombwa.

Panguva ino, Karabakh Khan, akava muranda weRussia pashure pehondo 1804-1813., Akazivisa kutsigirwa nechisimba Persian. Abbas Mirza, nokuti mugove wake, akavimbisa patronage pamusoro veko vaMuslim. Akazivisawo kuti hondo chete Russian, achitarisira zvichaita kumubatsira vaswedere vanhu kuti kudivi ravo.

Kukombwa Shusha

itsva hondo The Russian-Persian akatanga kukombwa Shusha wakakombwa. Kumurwisa nevanozvitsigira vakatsaurwa nokusimbaradza masvingo. Kubvisa chipingamupinyi ichi, vaPezhiya akarara zvimbambaira, vakawana kuonga European rubatsiro. Uyezve, Abbas Mirza akarayira kodzero pasi masvingo vashoma yokufananidzira pfupiso of Karabakh vokuArmenia, vachitarisira kuti ichi chiito kutyisidzira vakakakavadzana Armenian uye Russian, ensconced ari munhare. Hazvina kuitika.

Uto The Persian akakomba Shusha vhiki nomwe. kunonoka ichi zvakachinjira weboka pokurwa. The Iranians vakasarudza kugovera mauto uye kutumira 18000th yokuzviparadzanisa kurutivi Elisavetpolya (yakapinda musangano). Abbas Mirza aitarisira kuti rinoshamisa ino kumubvumira kuenda Tiflis kubva kumabvazuva, kuti aizova kushamisa wakakwana kuna Cossacks.

Shamkhor hondo

In-Chief vehondo Russian kuCaucasus General Yermolov pakutanga hondo ari Tbilisi, uye vakaunganidza echiShinto. zano rake rokutanga kwaiva nokukurumidza pechikara kuti kudzika munzvimbo kunyengera nevaPezhiya kubva kunharaunda yayo. Nechekare munzvimbo itsva Cossacks vaizova akasiyana paanopfuura hondo Shah raMwari.

Zvisinei, pakazosvika nguva boka 8 zviuru Varwi vakanga vakaungana Tbilisi, zvakava pachena kuti zvisingaiti nesinou kwenguva refu pasi masvingo Shushi. Saka, zvose pakarepo, akatanga hondo yeRussia-Persian. 1826 rakanga chipatapata, uye Yermolov akasarudza kurova shure pamberi kuchitonhora. Army inotungamirirwa Major General Madatova akatumwa vakananga Elisavetpolya kumisa muvengi uye kusimudza kukombwa Shusha.

boka iri akatarisana nomubvunzo muvengi mberi murindi pedyo nomusha Shamkir. Battle dzakatevera ari historiography rakashevedzwa Shamkhor pakurwa. Zvakanga iye uyo kukanganiswa migumisiro hondo 1826-1828 Russian-Persian. Kusvikira nguva ino akarwisa Iranians, anenge asina musangano chero yakarongwa nemishonga. Zvino vaitofanira kutarisana Russian hondo chaiyo.

Pakazosvika nguva Madatov akazviratidza kuAzerbaijan nevaPezhiya akanga kunokurumidziswa Elisavetpol. Akaidza kupasanura kuna rakavharidzirwa guta, uto Russian rwaidiwa kuti kutyora yomuvengi Vanguard. September 3 okuparadza pakurwa, nevaPezhiya hunorasika akauraya vanhu 2000, apo Madatov akarasikirwa varwi 27. Nokuda kukundwa vari Battle Shamkhor Abbas Mirza aifanira kusimudza kukombwa Shusha uye kutama echiShinto kwemari akamira Elisavetpolem.

Makatodzinga nevaPersia kubva kuRussia

Valerian Madatov akaraira vanhu 6 zviuru chete. Vakanga pachena kwete zvakakwana kudzinga nevaPersia kubva Yelizavetpol. Naizvozvo, pashure kuhwina kumativi Shamkhor, akaita zvishoma achifambisa, panguva iyo sungano itsva vavabatsire vakanga vabva Tiflis. Musangano kwakaitika musi waSeptember 10. New regiments akarayira Ivan Paskevich. Akatora murayiro hondo yose, vachifora yokusunungura Elizavetpol.

September 13, mauto eRussia vaiva pedyo neguta. Paivawo nevaPezhiya. The mapato vakatanga kugadzirira hondo yairwirwa. Hwakatanga zvikuru kutokonora. The Kurwisa wokutanga inifanduri Persian Musanyura nokuti kuti echiShinto akamhanyira mumupata uye vava, akauya pasi moto muvengi.

Mune tsamwisa revarwi Russian vakaitawo mutsindo basa Kherson hondo, izvo akatungamirirwa zvakananga Paskevich. Iranians vaisagona kubatsira kana atirari kana vamabhiza akaedza kurwisa vokuGeorgia varwi parutivi. hondo Russian-Persian, zvinokonzera unova chido Shah kuzorwisa muvakidzani wayo, akaratidza kamwe zvakare sezvo kumabvazuva manyorerwo hondo yakanga sashanda pamusoro mauto Russian, vakadzidzira European nenzira. Counterattack zvikamu Paskevich zvakakonzera chokwadi chokuti Iranians pakutanga ichidzokera yavo yepakutanga nzvimbo, uye madekwana, uye vose vakayambuka navo.

Nokurasikirwa siyana mapato zvakare kushamisa disproportionate. General Paskevich akaverenga 46 vakauraya uye anenge mazana maviri vakuvara. The Iranians, vanhu zviuru zviviri vakaurayiwa. Inenge chete nhamba rechiuto mapfumo. Mukuwedzera, yeRussia akaenda muvengi atirari uye mireza. The kukunda pana Elisavetpolem kwakatungamirira pakachinja. Zvino Russia asarudza chii chichava hondo yeRussia-Persian. Zvakabuda hondo zvakaziviswa munyika uye akagamuchira sechipo kuna mambo mutsva, akanga kuratidza pachena kugona kwavo semutungamiri.

Campaign 1827

Paskevich kubudirira yaizoongororwa. Akagadzwa mukuru wamambo uye gavhuna kuCaucasus. By October, ari Iranian mauto vakadzingwa shure pamusoro pamuganhu rwizi Araks. Saizvozvo rikaporeswa Nezvagara Zviripo. Masoja akapedza chando, uye pamberi, akasimbisa kwenguva pfupi takanga tisisanakidzwi. Zvisinei, zvose mapato vakaona kuti haasi pamusoro hondo Russian-Persian (1826-1828). Muchidimbu, Nicholas akasarudza kushandisa kubudirira hondo uye kwete chete kudzinga zvisingaiti, asi kupedza accession Orthodox Armenia, chikamu izvo zvichiri aiva Shah.

Chinangwa chikuru Paskevich raiva guta Erivan (Yerevan) uye Erivan khanate, aimbova yava pasi Iran. The pokurwa yakatanga mukupera yechirimo. Muzhizha mauto eRussia mapfumo rinokosha dzavarwi Sardar-Abad. Kusvikira August wehondo yamambo haana akasangana zvakakomba nemishonga. nguva yose iyi, Abbas Mirza aiva pamba, kunhonga echiShinto itsva.

Oshakanskaya hondo

Mukutanga August, mutsivi Persian 25-zviuru hondo vakapinda Erivan khanate. hondo yake vakarwisa guta Echmiadzin, iyo yaive Cossack ravarwi duku, uyewo yekare yechiKristu rakavakirirwa yemamongi. The nhare aifanira kununura kukupfura, akatungamirirwa refutenendi General Athanasios Krasovsky.

August 17 vashoma eRussia muna 3000 mumwe murume akarwiswa uto 30-simba Abbas Mirza. Rakanga mumwe kunakidza Zvikamu, izvo zvinozivikanwa zviri hondo yeRussia-Persian. Date Oshakanskoy kurwa (sezvazvakanyorwa anozivikanwa historiography) rakaenderana yakasimbiswa Caucasian sokusingatsungiririki kupisa, zvakafanana kurwadziswa zvose varwi.

Chinangwa Krasovsky yokuzviparadzanisa chaiva kupaza kuna guta rakakombwa kuburikidza rizere panhengo nomuvengi. Russian akatakura chaizvo mukwende uye zvokudya zvakafanira kuti ravarwi. The nzira yaifanira zvakachengeterwa bayonets, nekuti kwakanga kusina mugwagwa, apo kwaizova nevaPezhiya. Kuti uchengete muvengi kurwiswa, atirari akaunganidza Krasovsky, izvo kubvira kutanga kushanda atora munhu sokuronga zvakakunakira deko urefu. pfuti vachiridzira haana kubvumira nevaPezhiya kurwisa Russian nesimba rake rose, iro zvinoratidzwa mugumisiro hondo.

Somugumisiro, yokuzviparadzanisa Krasowski akakwanisa dzinopaza Echmiadzin, pasinei nokuti ose dzimwe murwi wehondo ichi akaurayiwa, repulsing kudenha vaMuslim. Kukundikana rwave simba aiodza mwoyo chaizvo utungamiriri zvose Persian. Abbas Mirza imwe nguva akanga achiri kuedza kunokomba guta, asi nokukurumidza ichidzokera nokuchenjera.

The chikuru ehondo umambo achitungamirirwa Paskevich panguva iyoyo vakanga vachironga nechisimba Azerbaijan uye kuenda Harare. Asi mukupera August, mukuru akagamuchira mashoko zviitiko muna Echmiadzin, nekuti iro vakaenda mumwe padanho hondo Russian-Persian (1826-1828). Zvikonzero Paskevich akatumira diki yokuzviparadzanisa kumavirira, vaive - aifunga kuti Abbas Mirza ari imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana zvachose. Achiziva kuti mauto huru Iranian anomira yake shure-mukuru akaramba kufora kuna Harare uye akatamira nenzira iri Erivan khanate.

kutora Yerevan

September 7 Paskevich uye Krasovsky vakasangana Etchmiadzin, nako pamusoro avaida Kukomba wakazvikudza. Padare kwakasarudzwa kutora Armenian Erivan. Kana hondo vakakwanisa guta, zvingadai kupera hondo yeRussia-Persian. 1828 yaiva pedyo, saka Paskevich pakarepo yarova pomugwagwa, achitarisira kupedza kushanda pamberi chando.

Zvisinei, Russian-Persian yehondo, kwakaitika munguva mhirizhonga iri Russian mamiriro, dzakaratidza kuti, pasinei nezvose, wehondo yamambo angapedza operative matambudziko ari kupfuura zvakawandisa ezvinhu. Nicholas I, kwete pasina chikonzero chokudavira kuti zvinokosha kutanga protectorate pamusoro yose Armenia. Zvemo vanhu munyika vaivawo vaKristu Orthodox uye kwemazana emakore akatambura pakutongwa Muslim.

Okutanga kuedza vokuArmenia kuti pave kuonana St. Petersburg kwakaitika kare yaitonga Peter I. Panguva iyoyo mauto yeRussia akasunungura kudunhu kubudikidza mupurovhinzi iri South eCaucasus. Paskevich, ari kumabvazuva Armenia, akanga akakwazisa nechido kubudikidza veko. Varume vakawanda vakabatana mukuru ave varwi.

Russian-Persian 1828 akava mukana vokuArmenia kutanga kamwe zvakare kurarama munyika yechiKristu. Raiva mugove wavo, uye vari Erivan. Achiziva ichi, mukuru nhare Persian akatumwa kubva nhengo simba Armenian mhuri, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira vagari kuti vamukire. Zvisinei, matanho okudzivirira havana akabatsira Iranians. The guta akabatwa nemauto Russian yaOctober 1, 1827 pashure pfupi dutu.

Nhaurirano

padzimbahwe mavhiki maviri pashure kukunda iyi, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa kuti zvimwe mauto youmambo vakatapa Harare. hondo iyi akarayira George Eristov akatuma Paskevich kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva pashure mukuru mukuru rworuboshwe pamusoro Erevan. Kukunda uku Wakapedzisira kumberi-mutsetse chiitiko, iyo inozivikanwa hondo Russian-Persian (1826-1828). Rugare chibvumirano paidiwa ari Shah. hondo yake muhondo zvose zvine urongwa. Uyewo, zvino youmambo regiments yaigarwa chikamu nharaunda yayo.

Saka, pakatanga chando, vose nyika akatanga kuchinjana vamiriri uye chibvumirano. Vakasangana muna Turkmanchay - musha pedyo atora Harare. Zvibvumirano nemasaini panzvimbo ino February 10, 1828, muchidimbu hondo Russian-Persian (1826-1828). Nokuti Russia zvose zvavakawana zvaizivikanwa, kuti hondo yamambo aita muzvirevo kurwisana. Mukuwedzera, korona youmambo wakaunganidza acquisitions itsva miganhu. Rakanga kumabvazuva Armenia pamwe guta rayo chikuru Yerevan uye Nakhchivan Khanate. The Iranians akabvuma kubhadhara guru indemnity (sirivha rubles mamiriyoni 20). ivo vaipa zvayo isiri chipingaidzo muna Orthodox vokuArmenia Resettlement kwacho munyika yokumusha kwavo.

Kuguma kunetsana

Zvinofadza kuti nhengo roumambo embasi aiva Wenyika uye munyori Alexander Griboyedov. Akatora chikamu ari kukurukurwa mamiriro ezvinhu ayo yakaguma hondo Russian-Persian (1826-1828). Muchidimbu, chibvumirano haana aenderane Iranians. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare vakatanga hondo itsva Russian-Turkish, nevaPezhiya akaedza kutyora zvinhu zvenyika.

Kuti kugadzirisa kusawirirana, Tehran vakatuma nhume, izvo akatungamirirwa Griboyedov. Muna 1829, nhume yakanga noutsinye achishandisa Islamic vanonyanyisa. Vakaurayiwa vakawanda vamiriri. Shah akatuma St. Petersburg-vapfumi zvipo kugadzirisana nokuda kwamakuhwa. Nicholas haana kuenda nokuda nharo, uye kubva ipapo vavakidzani vaiva norugare refu.

muviri akakuvadza Griboyedov kwakaita akavigwa Tbilisi. Zvinowanikwa iri richangobva vakasunungurwa kubva Iranians Yerevan, akatanga kuisa pachikuva yakakurumbira mutambo wake "Nhamo kubva zvaiti". Saka kupera hondo iyoyo wokuRussia Persian. Rugare chibvumirano akabvumira kuti pave mapurovhinzi matsva akawanda, uye kubva ipapo South Caucasus yaiva chikamu Empire kusvikira kuwa umambo.