Hondo yeMoscow ya1941

Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri inoziva vazhinji vakakunda kukunda uye zviitiko zvinotyisa. Asi hondo yeMoscow inotora nzvimbo inokosha zvikuru munhau. Icho chiri pano, pasi pemadziro eE White-dombo, hondo yeGermany yakakundwa kukunda kwayo kwekutanga. Pedyo neMoscow, kushandiswa kwaHitler chirongwa cheBlitzkrieg chakanga chavigwa, uye nhema yekusagadzikana kweuto reTritain rechitatu rakanga rakarambwa nokusingaperi.

Nenzira yakawanda, hondo yeMoscow yaive nenzvimbo yakaoma yehondo uye maitiro akaitwa mundima huru uye akaenderera mberi mumazamu a1941 uye munguva yechando muna 1942.

Muzviitiko izvi, vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri, zviuru zviviri nehafu havatendi, ndege dzinenge zviuru zviviri uye zvingopfuura zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu motokari dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzakabatanidzwa pamativi ose maviri mberi.

Nenzira yekurwa, zviitiko zvinosvika pedyo neMoscow zvinogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zviviri: kudzivirirwa uye kukanganisa.

Hondo yeMoscow ya1941: Hondo Yokudzivirira

Mukuwa kwe1941, mauto eSoviet akamanikidzwa kubva kuKiev, Smolensk, kudzokera kuLeningrad. Kharkov, Donetsk region, Crimea yaiva pasi pekutyisidzirwa kwekutora. Mauto eGermany akanga akatakura kurasikirwa kukuru kwemasoja nemidziyo yehondo, asi, zvisinei, vakaramba vaine chiito chinokuvadza uye vakanga vatsvaira kumabvazuva.

Muhofisi yeHitler, kushanda kunonzi Typhoon kwakagadzirirwa kutora guta guru reU.SR. Maererano nekushanda uku, guta racho raiiswa pasi pejeri muvharidziro yakakwana, kuitira kuti parege kuva neaigaramo aizoisiya. Zvadaro zvakatevera kuparadzwa kwakakwana uye mafashamo eMoscow. Avo avo vakapona ipapo havafanirwe. Matongo akanga achifanirwa kuvharwa nejecha, uye pamusoro pakuisa chivigiro mukukudza kwehondo yeGermany isingakundiki. Zvinoshamisa kuti ibwe rekuyemura iyi rakaendeswa kuMoscow pamwe nemichina yehondo.

Mumutungamiri weMoscow panguva iyoyo, paiva neToviet matatu mberi: Western, Bryansk uye Reserve. Kupikisa kwaiva hondo yeGermany ye "Center" boka revarwi vanopfuura mamiriyoni. Mariri, zvinopfuura hafu yezvipfuti, matangi nemapurisa zvakanyanyisa kubva kuhuwandu hwenhamba, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva neuto raHitler.

Panguva iyoyo uto reSoviet rakanga rine zviduku zvishoma zvezvombo, uye unhu hwayo hwaive hwakaipa. Nokudaro, zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru mauto eSoviet pachikwata chekudzivirira.

Nzira dzeMozhaisk neVolokolamsk dzinomirira nzira shomanana yekuenda kuMoscow. Kwakanga kuri ipapo apo hondo yekutanga inotyisa yakatanga nokuda kwenzira dzeguta guru. Masoja eSoviet ainge akashinga chaizvo. Vaibhadhara nokuda kwekusawirirana kwemasimba nehupenzi hwega. Pamutengo wehupenyu hwavo pachavo vakatsvaka kusarega muvengi kumwoyo weMamareland.

MuMoscow nemaguta, nzvimbo yekukomba yakaziviswa. Vagari vakanga vachigadzirira kudzivirira guta ravo.

Zvisinei, pakupera kwegore raOctober 41 mutungamiri Zhukov akafunga kuti atsivire nzvimbo yezvokudzivirira nekodzero. Basa revarwi veSoviet raiva kukunda mapoka ekutyisidzira emuvengi uye kubvisa kutyisidzira kweMoscow.

Hondo yeMoscow, yechando muna 1942: danho rekunyangadza

Musi waDecember 6, Red Army yakatambura chekutanga chakakomba ichienda kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kweMoscow. Mutsara wekunyadzisa wakatorwa kwemakiromita 1000 - kubva kuYelets kusvika kuKalinin. Nenguva yaDecember 9, mauto edu anokwanisa kudzorera shure muvengi nemakiromita anenge 40. VaJalimane, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vane zvombo zvakanakisisa, asi vakanga vasina kugadzirira zvachose kurwisana mumamiriro ezvinhu echirusi chisina kunaka cheRussia uye kusakundikana kweunhu hwemasimba eSoviet. Kushaiwa kwekuchengetedza mauto emuvengi zvakare akatambudza.

Hitler akamanikidzwa kusayina mutemo wekuendesa mauto ake kuenda kuzvidziviriro, achidzinga vazhinji vevakuru vake uye kuchinja mutemo mukuru kwazvo kwaari. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu mberi akanga asingakwanisi kuputsa.

Nehondo itsva 1942 dzeGermany dzakakandirwa kubva kuMoscow kwemakiromita mazana maviri kare, Kalinin naKaluga vakasunungurwa kubva kuvaHitlerites. Pakanga pasina pakarepo ngozi yekutora Moscow.

Zvinoreva Hondo yeMoscow

Ichi chiitiko hapana mubvunzo chakakonzera nzira yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, sezvo hondo yeMoscow yakakonzera kukunda kunotyisa kumauto eSoviet. Kubatwa kweguta guru kwaizoita kuti nyika yose iparadze uye inobatanidza kusagadzikana kusingagumi kweFascist Germany. Uye pano, kwete chete pfungwa yepfungwa yakaita basa. Munharaunda yeMoscow yaive yakanyanyisa yakawanda maindasitiri uye masvingo ezvidziviriro, ayo akashanda muhondo yose. 70% yemapurisa ehondo akabudiswa pano, akawanda emakanda.

Mushure mokunge muvengi akarohwa kubva pamadziro eguta guru, maitiro evarwi veSoviet akasimuka zvikuru. Iyi kushingaira uye kutenda kusingagumi mukukunda kwakabatsira gare gare muhondo yeKursk, uye ku Stalingrad.

Kubva pane chinangwa chekuona, hondo yeMoscow yakabatsira kukurira mauto makuru eGermany - mauto neatangi.

Mauto eSoviet akashandurwa zvikuru pashure pehondo iyi. Kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvakasiyana, zvakatoedzwa muhondo, zvakabatanidzwa muzvikamu zvitsva nevatungamiriri vane chivimbo uye vane ruzivo.

Yaiva kuMoscow yakazova Rubicon, kuburikidza nemauto eGermany aisagona kuyambuka Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri.