"Komumanzi" - ane Anti-chombo hurongwa. ATGM "Kornet-EM". ATGM "Kornet-E"

Kutanga World War Kutanga, matangi nokukurumidza akava chaiyo nomusoro inifanduri. Pakutanga, kunyange kana nepokuongorora chinyakare dzokurwa, havana kunge kusiya nemasoja. Asi kunyange panguva Second World War, kana zvingava sokuti, ipapo regimental atirari uye PTR (Anti-tangi pfuti), motokari dzehondo achiri dictating mitemo kuroorana.

Asi ipapo kwakauya gore 1943, kwakaratidzwa mumwe Kashoma apo mainjiniya yeNazi Germany vakakwanisa kusika inoshanda kwete chete, asiwo chombo inonyatsobudirira, Faust katuriji. Zviri maererano yaro inozivikanwa RPG-2 yakavhurwa pashure pehondo, akava, uyewo, ndiye tateguru ose kunozivikanwa uye RPG-7.

Asi dzose "hondo dzokurwa projectile" uye haana kufunga kuti kurega. Paiva nezvakawanda pane dzokurwa, riri kazhinji girinedhi launcher Zvaisava nyore kumedura. Uyezve, kare kuitwa kunze kwakaita nokuumba simba uye kushingaira kudzivirira gadziriro, iyo zvino vakagadzirira vose chakaipa MBT nyika. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tidzivise nzvimbo itsva.

Steel kwakadaro inotakurika antitank inifanduri zvivako. On kuonekwa kwavo kushanda ndechokuti zvakasimba nowenyika chete girinedhi, uyo achangobva kurerekera "nenyere" kuti rutsigiro chaiyo, izvo akatasva kuti siyana nzira kutungamirirwa uye kuzvidzora. Sezvo projectile haina kushandiswa chitundumuseremusere-propelled girinedhi, uye azere Anti-tangi chombo, kunyange kana diki.

Nhasi tinoda kukuudza pamusoro "komumanzi". Antitank chombo gadziriro muenzaniso ichi kwenguva refu vakamira maoko hondo yedu uye hunonzi anogona zvinobudirira tikurire zvose ano MBT zvinogona muvengi.

Start okukura

Chero zvakanga zvisiri zvikuru ezvinhu makore 90, asi nokuda kukudzwa mudzimba gunsmiths (Tula Design Bureau), basa atanga pamusoro itsva zvombo zvehondo. Nechekare muna 1994, yokutanga simbi zvakaoma nokuda muchiuto wehondo dzedu. In kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa akatanga harisi kubva muvare: sehwaro akashandisa antitank hurongwa "Reflex", iyo panguva iyoyo aigona kuiswa pa zvose mumhuri matangi kuzvidzora propelled pfuti "Octopus-S" uye "Octopus-SD ".

Asi zvose zvaiitika panguva mudzimba Anti-maitiro raiva rimwe zvinokosha chaizvo drawback. Zviri pamusoro kudzora nzira, kana that no wired, apo masoja vaifanira kumhanya kusvika Coils kana redhiyo kudzora, izvo Zvingatotaurwa woutsinye muvengi zvinoreva pakururamisa jamming.

"Management zvinhu" zviri ATGM idzva

Musiyano uri pakati "komumanzi"? Antitank chombo gadziriro iyi mhando akanga vakapakata kudzora hurongwa, zvakafanana nezvaishandiswa mune avhiyesheni indasitiri. Chekutanga, pamusoro chokugadza pachayo iri akatasva zvikuru simba Laser emitter, izvo zvinobudirira unoratidza chinangwa. Pamasikiro yokupedzisira pane photodetector, iyo Anobata kunooneka danda. chombo homing hurongwa anodudzira Data uye anokwanisa dzakarukwa zvakanaka kuchinja kutiza kosi.

Cherechedza kuti rudzi wokupedzisira ATGM uye akanga rimwe dambudziko: kururama kurova anenge 90% novimba professionalism ari opareta uye ake akatsiga ruoko. Murwi aifanira chaizvoizvo mumaoko kuita kuchinja ari chombo, nguva dzose kumanikidza pamusoro chinangwa. Kuti aite izvi, kushandisa joystick. Fungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu apo muvengi muchina panguva ino haisi rakamira panzvimbo uye ari kushingaira achifambisa, kuedza kufukidza opareta kubva zvose zvinowanikwa zvombo: munokosha zvishoma nesimba kudzura munwe wako - zvose, kuti chitundumuseremusere akaenda chipfuro.

Waya kazhinji abvarura, vari yakabvamburwa shrapnel kana mabara, uye kubva banal kureva mastication yavo zvakanga zvisingaiti. pamusoro mhepo zvakanaka kazhinji kure akapfumbira njanji.

urema kwakadaro uye akanga zvachose kuine "komumanzi". Antitank chombo maitiro zvachose kuzvidzora zvirimowo, akashongedzerwa ane "akangwara" zvombo, izvo havafaniri kutakura noruoko. Chokwadi, zviri hunonzi zvinogoneka kuratidza Laser danda uye kupera, utilizing munhu smokescreen. Asi, sezvo tsika inoratidza izvi zvinotora pazera refu. Kumhanya ari chitundumuseremusere ndege zvokuti kunyange kana panguva 100-300 metres kubva chinangwa chacho chaiwo Coordonatele richaparara, nhare Uchafukidzwa kure ichi yakadaro pfupi kuti muvengi tangi haisi kuenda kupi.

Saka, mashoko kunzwisisa "komumanzi" chombo zvikuru yakavimbika unokubvumira nechivimbo kutsikwa muvengi warrior motokari mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana.

Ndeapi matambudziko yaiswa pamberi vagadziri?

Kubvira pakati 80s, anenge ose Matangi masimba Western apera simba nedziviriro hurongwa, uye Tula saka vasati aiva "nyore" basa: kuitira yakavimbika kuroorana kwakadaro kudzivirirwa rwokugadzira. Hazvishamisi kuti dzakabudirira chombo "komumanzi" 9M133 akanga pakarepo yakanyatsoiswa aine tandem warhead. chaikosha Its wokutanga waipedza DZ, afunge kuvhiyiwa kwayo, uye chete chechipiri yacho zvakananga yakarova tangi dzokurwa.

Nenzira, nekuda ichi chitundumuseremusere zvakagadzirwa kwave chishamiso. Saka, tinofanira kugara mutariri mumabhatiri, muswe mugove injini - pakati, uye chikuru nokuchengeta - mumhino. Kuzvidzora hurongwa vari necheshure chikamu.

unconventional kushandiswa

Zvisinei, kwete kure mamwe matangi anogona kuparadza "komumanzi". Antitank chombo hurongwa zvingabudirira kushandiswa zvikuru unconventional nzira.

Chokwadi chokuti siyana Anti-tangi mugadziriro siyana anogadza kubva panguva yavo nepepanhau masoja inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu nzira inobudirira uhwo muvengi anogona kukurumidza chipfungaire kubva rakavakirirwa BUNKER. Saka, panguva Battle of Falklands muna 1982, British paratroopers kazhinji akatora akakombwa nzvimbo, kudzvanyirira kurwisa kwavo, achibatsirwa zvavo Anti-tangi enyika.

chaiwo mauto edu, achishandisa "Fagot", dushmans akagogodza kubva mumapako dzavo, uye Russian nemauto akashandisa ichi chombo panguva yechipiri Chechen rutsigiro. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti "Fagot" zvikuru kubudirira kana kuchenesa zvivako. Muchidimbu, mumakore achangopfuura, mienzaniso yakadaro Makawana zvikurusa.

The chete chinokosha chinhu kufunga kuti chombo ATGM - kwete thermobaric munitions, uye saka pamusoro muvengi ane mhenyu Hunoita kushandisirwa hakuiti anonamata unodikanwa zvabuda. Tula, dzinoongorora revarwi ruzivo yeSoviet uye Russian mauto, kunyanya nokuti "komumanzi" akasika chitundumuseremusere, akashongedzerwa chete akaita thermobaric warhead. mumwe projectile kwakadaro kurova namahwindo inosvika rakavakirirwa BUNKER, chaizvoizvo achibvambura zvose zvipenyu mukati nokuda unopinza kumanikidzwa donhwe kuitika kuputika.

Muchidimbu, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa "komumanzi" - zvechokwadi multi-chinangwa chombo chinogona inoshandiswa zvikuru mapazi ose muchiuto.

Western version

Munyika zvikuru kushingaira kuitika zvachose kurambwa Anti-tangi hurongwa, kudzora iyo inoda ane unyanzvi opareta. Pakati kumadokero ATGM vari American "nemharu" uye Israeli "yakatesvera panyanga dzacho." Mashoko avo anotevera nheyo "moto uye kanganwa". Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti zvivako izvozvo ndezvaJehovha parudzi rwechitatu. "Komumanzi" yedu yakaoma, nenzira, rinoreva wechipiri.

A chombo vanogumurwa kubva hurongwa yakataura kwete chete pamusoro Laser danda uye injini kupisa zvinobva kubaya, asiwo kune bhuku mufananidzo michina muvengi, icho midzi mundangariro yake.

The chikuru dambudziko "pfumo" ndiro zvikuru kudhura zvombo. Imwe chombo hungada 120-130 zviuru zvemadhora nyore. Izvi ndizvo akaumbwa! Havasi nyika yose mari kushongedzera hondo dzavo dzakadai Anti-tangi mugadziriro, pasinei undoubted dhigirii. Saka, muna India hazvina kudaro kare pakaziviswa basa iri self propelled Anti-tangi gadziriro (kwakavakirwa BMP), izvo vakanga chete "nemharu." Saka, mari chassis uye kwazvo yetsiva vakaenzana. Zvisinei, ATRA kunyange kunokosha zvishoma anodhura.

Mukusiyana, saizvozvo weSiria akanga kakawanda makwapa rwokugadzira kwakavakirwa ATGM "Kornet-E", vakatasva pamusoro ubiquitous BMP-1/2. Akapiwa yokuti zvakaoma pacharo uye chitundumuseremusere arasikirwe zvuru 30 zvamadhora, mutengo wavo kudzika zvikuru pane mari chassis, izvo zvinoita kugadzirwa zvakadai hurongwa zvemari chine musoro.

Uyezve, pane Western mugadziriro parudzi rwechitatu ndeimwe dambudziko. It runoratidzwa chiduku kunobudirira siyana. Saka, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa "pfumo" anogona hunonzi kubhururuka zvakananga 4700 metres, asi ayo chikamu homing inoshanda chete panguva neeSultan kusvika 2500 mamita. Gadza hurongwa zvakadaro guru chassis BMP anongoti maturo: sokuvapo muchina achapiwa kusarudzwa kuti tangi, nguva kurova nguva yake akawanda (kusanganisira yayo zvombo).

Pane matambudziko akakomba mumaguta muhondo ezvinhu. Saka, muna 2003, vanhu vokuAmerica akakurudzira zvose Iraqi matangi inifanduri kurwa motokari pasina matambudziko. Asi zvakanga chete hayo munzvimbo. Yakanga kunze kweguta nokuti zviitiko "pfumo" iri zvombo. Uye nekuti vokuAmerica (uye gare gare vokuIsrael) kunge akashongedzerwa chechitatu-chizvarwa zvivako ayo Chinyorwa.

Russian chisarudzo

Nokukurumidza Tula yekudyidzana upgraded "komumanzi": ATRA aiva "akangwara" chipfuro Tracking hurongwa. Zvinoita kushandiswa kwayo sezvinotevera: opareta wokutanga nemaziso vanyatsoona kubaya, anotuma wake ATRA divi, uye ipapo akaisa mureza. Pashure chombo vomurova akazvifukidza nezvatinovavarira muchadenga, vachikumbira hapana kupindira kwevanhu mune izvi. Somugumisiro, "komumanzi" - Anti-tangi mugadziriro, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kunyange kuparadzwa yakachengeteka zviri muvengi helicopters.

Kana uchifunga kuti 'pfumo "wayo 4,5 zviuru metres anotarira zvakanaka, zvipfuwo kukura panyaya iyi, zvose nemamwe. Saka, akapa pakuunganidza zvombo zvitsva achibatsirwa "komumanzi" anogona gurunurai rimwe tangi ari chinhambwe masere kusvika gumi zviuru mamita. The ndingangokuvara kurova chipfuro nguva refu kusvikira kuwanda zvichibvira mafomu.

vamwe okunatsiridza

Pari mauto edu zvakazara modernized shanduro zvakaoma pasi chiratidzo "D", apo kutaura "Kornet-EM" nokuda ekisipoti. Kazhinji, kwete musiyano zvikuru pakati mumwe wavo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chete mumakore vaviri makore, mukuru kumhara giya kuti kunzwisisa ichi chakava motokari "Tiger". Uyezve, kuenda neherikoputa zvino kugamuchira chaiwo Anti-tangi chombo yakaoma "komumanzi", iyo akatasva pamusoro chassis of BTR-D. Chiizve pane okunatsiridza?

Izvo zvinoreva indekisi "E"?

ATRA chokutanga chakashama tichitarisa muna 1994, uye vakashandisa zita "Kornet-E". Chii? Panyaya iyi, indekisi rinoratidza aina shanduro. Kusiyanisa kubva uyo anomira basa National muchiuto, usingashandi, airarama mashoko uye siginicha pamusoro pesimba zviyero, akaita mu Chirungu (kana zvimwe, zvichienderana zvido mutengi).

Kazhinji chiri antitank chombo yakaoma "Kornet-E" kakawanda kuwanikwa siyana "inopisa makwapa" pasi pose. Zvikonzero zviri nyore: zviri chisingakoshi, zvikuru nyore kushandisa uye inogona yakavimbika kurova zvinenge zvose huripo mhando warrior motokari ".

"Brigandine" shanduro

Oddly zvakakwana, asi kunzwisisa ichi zvino anoonekwa somunhu "chinamatidzwa" vaizotibata chaizvo "Carapace" hurongwa. Tatotaura pamusoro zvikonzero: kuti zvombo zvitsva zviri nyore kuunza pasi kwete chete drone the mano romuvengi, asi kunyange neherikoputa gunships. Muchiitiko chino, zviri "symbiosis" unyanzvi imwe mhando: kwegadziriro kuonekwa kuti "zvombo" vanyatsoona simba, uye ipapo munhu Anti-chombo hurongwa "komumanzi" anouparadza. Oddly zvakakwana, asi mumwe chitundumuseremusere kanda ATGM pane imwe downed UAVs, apo nokuti kuparadzwa kubva otomatiki pfuti, "zvombo" paruoko muduku mazana anoshongwa.

Chokwadi, zvinangwa izvi zvinogona kuva 100% mukana akaparadza zvombo Anti ndege, ndizvo chete mutengo ndechokuti kupfura uyu uchakomborerwawo kudhura mabasa. Mukuwedzera, magetsi drones vanogona kunyengera nyore nyore Laser kutungamirirwa kwegadziriro "zvombo", apo nyore chitundumuseremusere ATGM kutungamirirwa chete nokuda kuona chipfuro Tracking, pasina kudikanwa kwayo Laser jekeso.

Zvakananga kuparadza mhepo huru akasikwa antitank chombo gadziriro "komumanzi-D", asi nokuda chinangwa ichi zvichibvira kushandisa dzimwe ATRA mhuri iyi.

Panguva ino inoratidza kuti vaizotibata chaizvo uye pfungwa kugadzwa zvakaoma patrol zvikepe uye zvikepe zviri Navy of Russian Federation (ichi hachisi pfungwa, mazuvaano kwakadai). Saka mumakore 20 chete, kukura Tula mhizha chabva "akura" rinoreva kuparadzwa warrior motokari kune multi-zvombo zvakaoma, izvo zvinogona kuparadza huru panyika, mudenga uye pagungwa.

"Emka"

Asi zvikuru zvinovimbisa kuti "pamusika gobvu" achiri anotarisa chaizvo "Kornet-EM", vakatasva pamusoro chassis kuti "Tiger". budiriro yakatanga akaratidza munguva MAKS-2011. Unique munyika ino imomo.

Panyaya iyi, zvakaoma iri vakapakata zvombo pakarepo 16, hafu riri mu unodzivirira midziyo uye vakagadzirira kushandiswa muhondo. Volley zvinobvira kupfura panguva chinangwa, panguva iyo apo tangi "mabasa" zvombo zviviri. Tinogona vachiridzira mhando dzose munitions kuti akamboradzikwamo akagadzirirwa ichi chombo. A nani huru, rine Anti-chombo yakaoma "Kornet-EM", ndiye kushandiswa kwakapararira munzvimbo zvaAtemisi chassis anowanikwa uye zvinhu kuti zvikuru kunoderedza mari yayo kana tichienzanisa Western yokutevedzera.

Basic nokurondedzerwa

Shoma kupfura kure - 150 metres. Maximum - 10 makiromita. Nokushanda hadzisisina zvoga zvakazara yemagetsi "kuzadza" kunodzivirirwa kubva zvichibvira jamming nomuvengi. Zvinogona panguva kutakura uye moto zvinangwa zviviri. Tinofanira kugara mugove ingadzika kusvika 1300 mm homogenous simbi dzokurwa. Kwebhosvo shanduro chombo anotakura ane putika aitarisira, yakaenzana 7 makirogiramu pakati TNT. Complex achichinja kubva kuenda kuhondo anotora mumasekonzi nomwe chete.

Zano yokutanga "moto uye kanganwa" kwave akaona munhau mudzimba maoko kugadzirwa. Nokuda kutopedza kubviswa kwevanhu chombo kudzora muitiro akakwanisa kusvika 100% yakawedzera ndingangokuvara kurova kubaya pakutanga kuedza. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yekare kunzwisisa "Kornet-E" rava nekaviri pamusoro zvikuru unhu. Mukana otomatiki chipfuro Tracking mano uye kunobatsira kuti psycho-kunetsa nomudonzvo, ndiani anogona omerera kurapa muchina uye kuripisa mitsetse dzokera shure.

In musimboti, kunzwisisa ichi unogona kuiswa kure chete "Tiger". Saka, antitank chombo hurongwa anoshandisa komumanzi chassis BMP-3, uye ari musimboti ichi (nokuda nani kuchengetedza) kugadzwa yakarumbidza dzokushandisa ezvinhu zvikuru dzomumaguta yetsiva. mutoro akatakura chassis mumotokari simba sei?

Zvichienderana nokuwanda launchers, Misa ATRA "komumanzi-EM" dzinosiyana 0,8 kusvika 1,2 matani, zvakafanana chassis "Tiger" (icho chakumbirwa kubva APCs) rine anenge asina kukosha. Containers pachavo vari yakagadzirwa vafuke epurasitiki. The garandi Nguva kuchengetera zvombo pasina zvidzidzo yokungoitawo macheki kwete asingasviki gumi nemakore.

The kunzwisisa

Chekutanga, zvakaoma zvinosanganisira zvakananga chassis mberi vakapakata ziso nezvimwe namano. Sezvatakamboreva kare vakati yedu kuzvidavirira indasitiri kuti basa iri kazhinji rinoisa motokari "Tiger". Zvakakurukurwa zvakaoma pane iyi uyewo ari chokwadi kuti anotarisa kure nokuva sezvo chaiwo Anti-tangi mugadziriro, uye sezvo dzose SUV sezvo zvombo yakavanzwa muviri wake. Kana munhu chaiye kutyisidzira mugaba anotora nzvimbo yayo pamusoro chassis mumasekondi manomwe chete.

The zvombo, Nomenclature wavo angave akasiyana - kubva Anti-tangi zvombo zvakananga mukuru-putika mhando, inogona kushandiswa pamusoro mauto muvengi mumaguta kurwa. Vane inobudirira-siyana kusvika gumi makiromita. Zvinonzi kuti tandem kuti chombo anogona rova inifanduri, akavanda seri kongiri madziro, zvachose Ukobvu iyo yaiva anenge matatu mamita.

Antitank zvombo. Zvinonzi zvikuru musoro kushandisa navo neeSultan anosvika masere makiromita. Kupinda mugove wavo tinofanira kugara anenge 1100-1300 mm homogeneous nadzo. Pfungwa idzi zvinhu dzinoita vakarongeka kushandisa "komumanzi" kubata marudzi ose MBT NATO, kunyange kufungisisa nezvokuti pane tsika kuwedzera pakukora ari frontal dzokurwa nadzo. Pakupedzisira, muna zvombo zvingasanganisira termobricheskie anoshongwa kuti akanyorerwa kuparadza vashandi muvengi, izvo runochengetedzwa pamasvingo BUNKER.

Launcher nemana akadzivirirwa kanda mugaba. Teleteplovizionnym akashongedzerwa nesimbi zvinotyisa. It anoshandisa yechitatu-chizvarwa chafariz imager. Nokuti vakasununguka kubva kukarukureta aishandiswa terevhizheni makamera dzakakwirira chisarudzo kuti zviite zvikuru kuziva motokari muvengi uye anodzivirira ezvirevo. Panewo pakuvara Laser rangefinder, vachibvumira zvakarurama kuona daro kubaya.

kutadza

Zvine zvimwe zvisina zviri mudzimba "komumanzi"? Antitank chombo system (mufananidzo uri mukati paper) kusiyana kwayo vatorwa vakwikwidzi yakawandisa uremu (anenge 50 makirogiramu). Uyezve, imwe nhamba okunatsiridza dzichiri kushandisa nhungamiro Laser danda unmasks zvakasimba vanodzima rwaigara chinzvimbo. Zvisinei, nokuda okupedzisira kuti kunzwisisa "Kornet-EM" ndokubhururuka pamusoro chassis ane hwakanyatsorwisa soro-nokukurumidza "Tiger" unokubvumira nokukurumidza kushandura nzvimbo vachiridzira pfungwa.

Uyezve, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti 47 chete% zvabuda kutungamirira kupinda dzokurwa nadzo. Data kwakadaro, kunyanya kudai akawana mukufamba hondo muRebhanoni Israeri 2006.

Asi pane vamwe mashoko. Nokudaro, US Defence Department, nokuchema, akamanikidzwa kubvuma chokwadi vakarasikirwa MBT "Abrams" yokuIraq (sezvo ra2012). venhau British kumbotipa muenzaniso pechiitiko, kana rakamanikana mumugwagwa "Abrams" zvinoreva pamu projectiles pamusoro RPG-7, izvo haana kumuisa chinhu chakaipa. Asi mumwe chete volley kuti "komumanzi" zvizere Akaremara tangi, achiuraya vashandi. The muchina, maererano zvapupu, pakarepo abatwa moto.