Lamiaceae mhuri: tsanangudzo pfupi

Vamiririri mhuri eumambo Lamiaceae, Labiatae uye yapfuura, vari ubiquitous munyika - iri unozvidzora latitudes dzeEurope, pamusoro kondinendi Asian, achitsva uye subtropical zvikamu zviri Central uye South America. A kunyanya siyana chirimwa mhuri vanozivikanwa muMediterranean nyika, makomo uye mapani yeAmerica kuti Eurasia, asi kweArctic achinaya mvura kundosangana chirimwa kubva Labiatae - isingawanzowanikwi kubudirira. Tinodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro hunhu vamiririri vemhuri zvinoshamisa izvi.

The mhando Inonyanya vavo mafomu

mhuri Lamiaceae, iri zvakakodzera vaitirei siyana chirimwa umambo, vakabatana 221 genus uye anopfuura 6000 marudzi zvinomera. Vazhinji vavo yomusango, asi vamiririri 65 genera zvinoshandiswa Sora horticulture, uye kunyange mune mumaindasitiri kugadzirwa. Vazhinji zvirimwa dzemhuri yasnotkovyh - zvirimwa hunokosha mafuta, idzo vakawana kushandisa pakubika, mushonga, zvokudya uye pefiyumu indasitiri. It anosima akadai ndimu nebharisami, mindi, lavender, oregano, Basil, thyme nezvimwe zvirimwa zvakawanda. Vamwe vamiririri Labiatae ane colorants.

zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvapinda muverengi pamusoro siyana nhamba mhando mhuri. Tsanangurai hatidarowo nhamba, tinoona chete kuti mhando zvinomera izvi zvechokwadi kwazvo. Asi vose kusiyaniswa kunoshamisa nesimba uye kugona kukuru kuchinja yaida, kazhinji zvakaoma chaizvo. Ndokusaka vari akaparadzirwa unozvidzora uye dzinopisa latitudes, t. E. Munguva polar dzinodiwa okunze akasiyana.

Lamiaceae mhuri: mukuru unhu

nhengo dzakawanda dzemhuri - manyoro mumwe, vaviri, kana perennial, kashoma nemiti uye Sub-nemiti. Treelike chimiro chakafanana (miti kana mizambiringa) vari apo neapo, vashoma chaizvo.

Family yasnotkovyh chinosiyanisa madzinde chimiro - akaratidza tetrahedral. Good zvaioneka zvokushanda mune dzimwe mhuka - zvishoma wakatenderera, convex, kana ndiEzekieri, concave. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana madzinde akasiyana: tote kana pasi, asi ivo vari zvakakwana vanokwanisa kutora mudzi panguva nodes.

Huru mudzi kazhinji anoramba kuti tsika upenyu kufa, kuitwa ne clauses. Vamwe vamiririri yasnotkovyh chimiro rhizomes, apo vamwe - suckers.

Kunosiya yose kana dissected, mune dzimwe mhando - zvikurukuru pubescent. Stipules vasipo. Vari iri mabukira vari vaviri vaviri, wakatarisana nomumwe, peya nomumwe mashizha iri crosswise panyaya yapfuura uye nekutambira vaviri vaviri. mhuri Lamiaceae pamusoro vaikudzwa uye kuti vazhinji vamiririri vayo mashizha ane zvinokosha anonhuwirira. Ndokusaka mashizha Labiatae vane rakajeka munuhwi.

maruva

Primordial zita Labiatae rwaiwanikwa nokuda kumbofanana ari ruva-kuvhura huro, miromo nenzwi zviviri - kumusoro uye pasi. Mune mamwe marudzi, ivo rakakamurwa lobes akawanda. Maruva zvidiki, shanu-membered, zvepabonde nevarume uyewo nevakadzi, kashoma pamwe maruva zvepabonde nevarume uyewo nevakadzi zvinowanikwa chete vakadzi uye apo neapo - mumwe varume. ruvara dzavo dzaisiyana: blue, nezvishava, Lilac, yellow, chena kana pestrookrashennye. Ivo achiumbwa mashizha axils, zvakajairika kana rokumusoro, dzakachinjwa kana akawana muchimiro bracts. Vakauya kuroorwa, kaviri kana vakaungana sparse inflorescences pamusoro pfupi pemashanga. peya nomumwe vokukurukura Inflorescence maruva uye hunotevedzana anoswedera chairwo venhema ruva mhete. Kana vakadaro pedyo napedyo zvindori apical chikamu nhungirwa vakaumba yakanaka anowedzeredza nechiredzo, bhurasho kana whisk. Upper mashizha kupukunyuka zvishoma nezvishoma wakaderedzwa kukura uye vanofungidzira akadini bracts. Typical yakatesvera panyanga dzacho venhema vanogona kuonekwa yorukato, mindi, catnip, nebharisami, etc ..

The nemamiriro ruva

Calyx kazhinji pyatizubaya, bhero serin'i, gamophyllous vasara uye akaibva muchero. By rokuti kuibvisa ari mudumbu iye ichioma uye meno kuva chipingamupinyi. Apo neapo, zvichienderana mhando, mukombe bilabiate. Corolla - chubhu vachipedzisira zvakasiyana siyana. Zvakawanda kwemarudzi tibvunze kuti zvakasiyana siyana ari Corolla. Somuenzaniso:

• With bilabiate richiripo. Repamusoro muromo aumbwa ne 2 fused petals, uye nechepasi - 3. The pakati Chikamu rezasi muromo kazhinji dvunadrezana. beaters kwakadaro kubva yorukato, somuzivi, galeopsis.

• Odnoguby nepolnoguby kana Somuenzaniso, muna Dubnica.

• Cropping (mu chemindi).

Average uwandu Stamens - 4, vari vasiyana Corolla chubhu, 2 vavo, kazhinji nguva yakareba kupfuura mamwe maviri. Vanogona inonyangarika pasi rokumusoro muromo, kana concave kunze pachena kana kuchekwa kana Corolla nepolnoguby. Mune dzimwe mhando, 2 chete Stamens. Dzimwe mhando pfupi-yakagadzirirwa nomutswi hwava pakati lobes 4- kana 5-lobed ovary. Nokuti pollination mhuri Lamiaceae anoshandisa wechikamu rinomirira napakati muromo. It chinokwezva zvipembenene, asi kunotadzisa kuzvidzora pollination. Akazivisa muridzi mudziyo akadaro ndiye somuzivi. muchero Ripe inowira pachena kunyika 4-seeded nut.

It Vakawana kuti Lamiaceae pamwe undeveloped pomukombero uye vakakurumbira Stamens anoparadzirwa kunyanya kumabvazuva Europe, Asia, kuchamhembe Africa uye America. Zvichida, ichi ndicho chete kuparadzirwa pollinating nezvipembenene. Izvi vakawanda hunhu mhuri Lamiaceae, zvazvinosarira chete kuti azive zvinhu inotungamirwa muchero zvinomera izvi.

muchero

Fruit, vanonzi cenobia achinyatsotaurira kapu, fractional, kazhinji ine makamuri mana, zvikamu ane noruvara yakatanga oreshkoobraznymi mbeu. Kana zvichiita maldevelopment nhamba edzimba zvingava zvishoma - 1 kana 3. Nokudaro, nokuti kwese fractional yasnotkovyh muchero, vanogona kwete tsanangudzo kuva nezvibereko-mabhokisi kana michero.

Family Lamiaceae: Representatives

The rupo zvakasikwa, nechokwadi kusiyana genera uye marudzi, vakabatana mhuri iyi zvinoshamisa. Kwaari tinomutenda chokwadi kuti zvirimwa izvi zvinozivikanwa pasi pose. Heino haasaruri mazita genera anoumba mhuri Lamiaceae:

• agastash (Mexican nehisopi);

• zmeegolovnika;

• galeopsis;

• akafa-yorukato;

• Lavender;

• motherwort;

• Melissa;

• chemindi;

• Basil;

• oregano;

• dzoga dzoga.

In mhedziso

All izvi, uyewo haana zvinotaurwa racho vamiririri yakasiyana genera mhuri - naka zvirimwa kuti vanoshumira vanhu kwemazana emakore akawanda. Chiregera kuti vamwe vavo kare dzaichengetwa uye zvikomborero zvakawanda, zvichipa zvinokosha anonhuwirira isingawanzowanikwi uye madhayi, apo vamwe dziri chete musango, akajeka ayo understated runako taiga Mafuro uye makomo dzakatenuka.