Lead nitrate. Chemical ehupfumi, kushandiswa

Lead nitrate - chinhu inorganic remubatanidzwa rine mutoo: Pb (NO3) 2. In inowanzotorwa hurumende iri chena upfu kana Hauoneki crystals. fuma Izvi zvikuru soluble mumvura.

mumuviri ehupfumi

1. Zvakanaka soluble pamwe Absorção de Água nokupisa kupinda H2O (mvura), taita - mu acetone, uyewo methyl uye ethyl alcohols.
2. unoumba Hauoneki crystals diamagnetic, arambe achirema 4,530 g / santimetr³. Mumwe atomu Pb (kutungamirira) wakapoteredzwa gumi emaatomu ezvinhu O (okisijeni). Pb-O chisungo kureba 0,281 nm, uye NO - 0.127 nm. Ko cubic hurongwa. Pa3 runobva pazvakaringana boka. uyewo monoclinic chimiro rwaiwanikwa kunze cubic mhando kuti kunyange kana neshungu havaratidzi soluble muna H2O (mvura).
3. Lead utsotso tembiricha kuti 600,65 K.

How kuti vatungamirire nitrate

fuma iyi haawaniki zvakasikwa. Saka, vanhu vakava vamwe nzira (maindasitiri uye rabhoritari), izvo airarama pokufa mutobvu (Pb), ayo hydroxide kana oxide mu sanganisa nitric acid. Maitiro:
3Pb (kutungamirira) + 8HNO3 (nitric acid) = 3Pb (NO3) 2 (vatungamirire nitrate) + 2NO (nitric oxide asunungurwa sezvo gasi) + 4H2O (mvura);
PbO (vatungamirire oxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Pb (NO3) 2 (vatungamirire nitrate) + H2O (mvura);
Pb (OH) 2 (vatungamirire hydroxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Pb (NO3) 2 (kutungamirira dinitrate) + 3H2O (mvura).

Kuti kudzvinyirira hydrolysis uye kuderedza solubility mutobvu dinitrate nitric asidhi inofanira kutorwa kwazvo.

Uyewo, kutungamirira dinitrate vakawana somunhu byproduct mu wokunatswa tsvina acid, nitric acid, semuenzaniso, kana processing tsvina kutungamirira-bismuth mafekitari. Zvadaro, mukomboni inoshandiswa nokuda cyanide leaching nendarama.

Ndezvipi makemikari ehupfumi vane vatungamirire nitrate

1. imwe aqueous mhinduro mutobvu nitrate dissociates kupinda anions nitrate uye vatungamirire cations. Heunoi sei ichi:

Pb (NO3) 2 (kutungamirira dinitrate) = Pb2 + (vatungamirire nokuo- nga) + 2NO3- (senitrogen oxide anion)

The mhinduro iri hydrolyzed kutungamirira dinitrate. Kana doro mari nitratokompleksy NO3- anobudiswa: [Pb (NO3) 6] 3-, [Pb (NO3) 4] 2- uye [Pb (NO3) 3] -. Kana ph chemhinduro vowanda, mugumisiro wacho akasika gidronitraty Pb (OH) X (NO3) Y shanduka sezvamunoita. Vamwe vavo panguva imwe voga yakasimba mamiriro.

2. Sezvo dinitrate kutungamirira zviri soluble remubatanidzwa zvinokwanisika kuwana zvinotevera Exchange maitiro:

2HCl (hydrochloric acid) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbCl2 (vatungamirire chloride precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbSO4 (vatungamirire sulfate precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
Pb (NO3) 2 (kutungamirira nitrate) + 2NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) = Pb (OH) 2 (vatungamirire hydroxide precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate);
Pb (NO3) 2 + 2NaN3 (sodium azide) = Pb (N3) 2 (vatungamirire azide, precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate).

Chero remubatanidzwa makemikari ine vatungamirire nokuo- nga (Pb + 2) achaita sei pamwe mhinduro iri iyo anion ndiye iodide. Izvi zvikonzero precipitate yellow-Orange ruvara (Pbl2, kutungamirira iodide). Zvinoita seizvi kuita:

Pb2 + + 2l- = Pbl2 (pellet)

The chete mukutsinhana nezvinoita yakasimba chokutambudzika. Somuenzaniso:

Pb (NO3) 2 + 2Kl (potassium) = Pbl2 (precipitates) + 2KNO3 (potassium nitrate)

Kushandiswa vatungamirire nitrate

- kushandiswa senzvimbo kutanga mashoko pagadzirwe dzakawanda dzimwe yeimwe Kunoichi (kutungamirira);
- somunhu inhibitor kuti zvinhu zvenaironi Polymers uye nedzimwe polyesters, sezvinoita rodenticide, mune coatings mapepa fototermograficheskoy;
- sezvo kutungamirira nitrate - iri dovolno yeimwe ngozi iri maindasitiri nemauto vava kushandisa mamwe yeimwe. Somuenzaniso, muna zvaAtemisi pendi, machisi uye mafayawekisi vakasiya vatungamirire yeimwe zvachose.
- murabhoritari mutobvu nitrate rinoshandiswa senzira yakanaka uye zvakakunakira tsime dinitrogen tetroxide;
- tichishandisa ichangopfuura mune zvakawanda kwazvo makemikari remubatanidzwa inoshandiswa zvendarama cyanidation.
- muna Organic Chemistry, Pb (NO3) 2 rinoshandiswa sezvo oxidant, kuwana dithiocarbamate pamusoro isothiocyanates. nayo nokuda kwayo yakakwirira toxicity rinoshandiswa zvishoma uye zvishoma.

chengetedzo

Lead nitrate iri semhosva muchikwata 2Vanhu (pamwe carcinogenic kuvanhu akakura). Zvisingagamuchirwi inhalation chepfu chiutsi kana ayo ingestion uye kuonana ganda kana mucosa. zvinofanira kuchengetwa vatungamirire dinitrate kudzora. Chemical chepfu pamwe remubatanidzwa ichi zvinotungamirira muchetura, gliomas uye renal kenza, pfungwa uye nemapapu.