MA Bulgakov "Mwoyo Dog": rondedzero pamusoro chigadzirwa

kuti "Mwoyo Dog" Makore anopfuura makumi matanhatu akanga akamirira muverengi. MuGermany uye England, nyaya rakadhindwa mukutanga '60s, panguva imwe chete ari Soviet Union chete mu "samizdat" yaigona kuverenga rombo ndivo vaiva muduku. Yakanga chete muna 1987, basa yakabudiswa "Banner" magazini, uye gore gare gare akanga akapfeka chidzitiro Vladimirom Bortko. Muna 1925 akanyora imwe MA Bulgakov "Mwoyo Dog", rondedzero, iyo ichiri chitonge pfungwa uye rinozivisa zvinorehwa zvakaitika Russia mumakore iwayo.

Hakusi chikoro Bulgakov

Rokumanikidzirwa chirongwa mabhuku zvesekondari zvinosanganisira mabasa vaviri munyori ichi: "Mwoyo Dog" uye "Tenzi uye Margarita". Sezvo mwanakomana mumwe purofesa wezvidzidzo zvechitendero uye muzukuru nevapristi, munyori mumwe nomumwe zvaakasika vakaisa dzechitendero zviratidzo, akaita urongwa multilayered. Zvichida ndokusaka nguva imwe neimwe kuziva chinhu chitsva pasi kuverengazve mabhuku ake.

Pasinei kunzwisisa kwakaita pfungwa kugutsikana, chikoro rondedzero pamusoro itsva ne "Mwoyo Dog" Bulgakov vachaziva kunyora. Uye nokuti ichi zvakafanira kuongorora Genre, musoro, uye kazhinji anoshanda.

Anti-Soviet turakiti kana dystopia?

Kazhinji "Mwoyo Dog" anonzi enyika satire. Ndizvozvo. Asi aoma. All kuti Professor Preobrazhensky anotaura panyatwa, iyo House Committee nemapepanhau Soviet - zvirokwazvo turakiti. Chii chikonzero uye zvavanoita Shvonder uye balls, zvakare, pasina kupokana, satire. Hongu, uye sei! Chenjera. Vane utsinye.

Asi kuedza imbwa - dystopia. mufananidzo Its chinoratidza kuzvarwa inotungamirwa itsva yevanhu vechidiki, akaratidza kuitika ngozi kukura munzanga dzakadaro. Zvakaratidza kuti senyevero rakanyorwa Mikhail Bulgakov "Mwoyo Dog." Rondedzero pamusoro yokufungidzira kunofanira kuratidza zviratidzo zvose Genres uye satire uye pakuva.

Nei mwoyo imbwa?

Mune Kuongororwa duku chimiro basa (yokufungidzira, nyaya pfupi, nyaya pfupi) achangobva akatora zita rayo. Saka nei Bulgakov akamira pamusoro mutsara uyu, nokuti rugwaro Professor Preobrazhensky, kuzvitarisira Bormental pamusoro Sharikova mwoyo, anoti ndiye ikozvino munhu, asi kupfuura zvose lousy.

The maduramazwi chipauro "imbwa", asi zvakananga ukoshi anoratidza kuva kuti mhuka, ane dzimwe inotakurika zvokukurukura akaderedzwa zvisina kunaka zvinoratidza kuti chinhu rakaoma, sokusingatsungiririki, uye Zvichakadaro uye apasi hwakaipisisa. Zvino zvose zvinova zvakajeka, kunyanya sezvo musoro wenyaya muchikamu nyaya - "dzinotyisa tsaona" - inotibatsira kuziva kudini Bulgakov. "Mwoyo Dog" - munhu satirical rondedzero, hapana imbwa muviri akanyudzwa muzita raro, uye vakapamba mwoyo achangogadzwa munhu.

hurongwa mufananidzo

Strange asi zvechokwadi: mune satirical mabasa Mihaila Bulgakova hapana Goodies. Uye "Mwoyo Dog" hapana anosara. Purofesa, Ndianiko zvakarurama anoti uye zvakarurama anotuka hurumende itsva paanokanganisa zvinotyisa: chiremba anofanira kubatsira vanhu mukurapa zvirwere, asi ari kuedza kugadzirisa chimwe chinhu chakasikwa naMwari. Chitarisiko chete ipapo kuziva inadmissibility pakati kuedza kwakadaro.

Vanoteerera unotenderera ari richangobva akasika inotungamirwa vakaratidza Shvonder - demagogue vakaremara mupfungwa, ndiani anofungidzira pachake muridzi weimba. Iye Professor - vezvenhau akasiyana zvachose nheyo, havatombobvumi enzanisa.

Saka munhu vevatambi zvaunofanira kuisa pfungwa kana kuisa kuti anyore rondedzero, "Bulgakov" Mwoyo Dog ''? Balls - mugumisiro kuedza FF Chitarisiko - iye guru munyaya uye kusvika papi nyaya gakava pakati Shvonder uye muzvinafundo. Asi kana zvinorehwa aiva muhondo iyi?

Zvikuru munhu hahuna

Zvose kwakabatana neChechi yeOrthodox, Bulgakov aiziva kwazvo, uye kwete netsaona zvaainyora kutaurwa chaizvo yemichindwe kana anotaura kwavari. Somuenzaniso, mu "Tenzi uye Margarita" zvinoratidza zvose zviri kuti chiito kunoitika muna Week Tsvene pamberi Easter, mune nyaya ballpoint zviitiko vanotanga pakupera December uye 7 January pane murume mutsva - Polygraph Polygraphovich. Hapana zvakawanda kana zvishoma, uye Christmas Times pakushanduka imbwa Bulgakov. "Mwoyo Dog" - rondedzero, munyori rinoti kuti marwadzo haisi chete kuparadzwa zvakanakisisa kuti yaiva pamberi chimurenga, asi chimiro kufara, izvo kuramba kuparadzwa uku, asi kwete kuba uye zakolachivaniya pakuzvichenesa uye pakunamata kuparadza.

Sei Polygraph?

Zita iri kuonekwa chakatangwa Bulgakov, kunyange inozivikanwa kuti karenda iri pakarenda pamusoro proletariat panguva iyoyo kare vake mukadzi dudziro. Chii chingadai chaitadzisa kudzokorora munyori: Polygraph Polygraphovich? Paaisika Mikhail Bulgakov "Mwoyo Dog", achinyora mabasa akadai aisagona yakarideredza zvakawanda vaverengi. A tsitsi! Vazhinji vangadai vakanzwisisa: zita protagonist wakabatana kudhindwa, izvo zvinoreva - kubereka, kureva, vanofanira kuva mugove.

Munyori vakatya (uye kwete pasina chikonzero) kuti ballpoint akakwana kuti hurumende itsva. Kunyimwa kwavo mafungiro, regai kuva noukama zvomudzimu, tsika, vanhu ava ucharizadzisa kwete chete zvavari kuudzwa, asiwo kutanga, zvainanga kuparadzwa, sezvo havagoni kuvaka pamusoro tsananguro. Itai kuti nzira, sei aigona netsaona Chitarisiko muzvinafundo, hakushandi, asi kudzidzisa vechidiki mumweya uyu zvaizova chaiye.

Ndizvo zvinofanira kuva rondedzero pamusoro waiti "Mwoyo Dog." Bulgakov hadzaigona kusvika vaairarama, kana pane vasina mukana, asi kuburikidza emakore, nyaya iyi sezvo akakodzera.

sayenzi yemazuva ichifamba mberi, vachiedza kuwana mushonga nezvirwere uye achawedzera mazuva murume panyika, asi hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti mwoyo imbwa inogona kuwanikwa pamwe upenyu refu kuti chouviri zera vasina chinangwa uye.