Mitemo zvezvakatipoteredza uye yayo zvinokosha pfungwa

Pfungwa yokuti 'ikoroji "rinobva mushoko rechiGiriki" oikos "zvinoreva" rigere "," hupoteri "," musha. " Mumwe-siyana vanhu munyika ine zvayo dzinogarisana, vanonzi musha. Kunyanya, munhu rava pamba yose Pasi, kusanganisira ayo akarikomberedza nzvimbo.

Mitemo okutanga kwezvakatipoteredza vakanga vakabvuma guru chiremba yekare Hippocrates anopfuura zviuru zviviri apfuura. Akakwanisa kutsanangura kwete wakananga mugumisiro okunze, Nzvimbo, mvura uye mwaka utano vagere munzvimbo dzakasiyana, asi semutongo anthropological tsanangudzo emadzinza kurarama African, Asia uye European pamhenderekedzo Mediterranean kuenzaniswa. mabasa ake ane uchapupu hwakakwana vasisanetswi mararamiro uye zvakatipoteredza zvikonzero pamusoro paumbwe zvokunamata uye mumuviri unhu.

Gare gare, muzana remakore rechi17, mumwe sainzi itsva - yezvokurapa jogirafi. Iye kudzidza matambudziko evanhu uye zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu richikunda munzvimbo dzakasiyana, pachena utano munyika. Muvambi sayenzi iyi yaiva chiremba Italian B. Rammatsini.

Vamwe mupiro mitemo ezvakatipoteredza akatanga vakakurumbira Russian musayendisiti VI Vernadsky. Maererano nerondedzero yake Biosphere ari goko Nyika apo upenyu nezvechinhu chimwe siyana zvipenyu. Kusiyana aripo panguva iyo pfungwa yokuti dambudziko muviri - icho yechigarire yechigarire kuna ezvinhu, Vernadsky akaratidza kuti nyaya mhenyu anokwanisa chaizvo yokugadziridza pemvura nyika, pova mararamiro akakwana akanakira kwayo kukura. Mumwe muitiro ari interconnected mukati biosphere. Uye vanhu ndiko chete chiduku chikamu biosphere, uye pakarepo munhu pachake - inzira zvipenyu.

Uyewo, musayendisiti ichi chikuru ndorwevaya Zvinokosha dzidziso noosphere. Pfungwa iyi inoreva munhu qualitatively itsva danho - bhora chikonzero kana "Kufunga deko". Ndicho soro padariro Kugadzirwa biosphere, ndiyo akarondedzera pakuzvarwa uye kukura yebudiriro mairi zvakananga. The noosphere ndiyo nguva apo munhu anonzwisisa basa munhu anova hune chakaita kukura nyika.

Chero muunganidzwa inorganic zvinoriumba uye zvinenge, izvo vanowanzotevedzera tiite ari kuchovha kwenyaya, akadana mararamiro. Izwi akanga aronga Arthur Tansley muna 1935. Mitemo Social pamusoro ikoroji, kana, kupfuura kungoti, munhu ikoroji, kuona yezvakaita ukama zvakatipoteredza. Hwaro ukama hwakadaro akateya morfofiziologicheskie maitiro evanhu muviri kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu nedanho ontogeny.

Pane siyana zvipenyu pezvingoro, inochinja zvakasiyana-siyana mabhora zvoupenyu zvipenyu. Asi zvikuru vaya vari chokuita noupenyu hwevanhu uye utano zvakananga. Zvikurukuru, zvinokwanisika kuziva mitemo huru kwezvakatipoteredza chokuita utano hwevanhu:

• Simba Migumisiro vasingawanzotauri kukonzera chero mhinduro kubva dzinongoitika system asi hazvirevi kuti somugumisiro kuwanda, havagoni kukonzera mhirizhonga uye nezvimwewo vakagwinya kwendangariro.
• View muviri pane nokuti kuti yakapoteredza zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza zvakazara sezvarayirwa ose majini kukwanisa kuchinja kuti mhando inomirirwa kuchinja ayo uye nokufamba.
• Ecological niche (nzvimbo) chero mhando anomirirwa zvakasikwa, kuti vagute. Somuenzaniso, denda reAIDS kwave rakafanotaura nemasayendisiti pamberi kuonekwa zviratidzo uye causative vaishandira chirwere. Base ichi zvataurwa rakanga kuti kukunda ruzhinji kutapukirwa yevanhu basa kubva zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza niche.
• Biosphere mhinduro. Mitemo zvemhoteredzo vakadaro kuti kushandisa dzinongoitika gadziriro, hapana ane kodzero vachidarika bvumidzwa mwero, vachibvumira izvi hurongwa kuti zvakazara kuchengetedza rakasiyana pfuma kuzvidzora, kuzvicheka-sangano uye kuzvidzora yokuzvigadzirisa. Zvikasadaro, mhinduro simba kuti tidzivise simba rezvakasikwa kudarika munhu simba.

Science "ikoroji" - guru mitemo uye mitemo inofanira kutevedzerwa kana vanhu kuti vawane zvinoenderana uye kubatana pamwe zvakasikwa. Asi zvinosuwisa kazhinji hanya vachida zvido zvavo uye zvavanoda, uye vazhinji mitemo inokosha hwezvinhu zviri nyore kuteerera, izvo chinoita anenge irreparable migumisiro kuparadza kwazvo.