Mongol-Tatars - nhoroondo Russian munyika tora

Wokutanga Mongol-wechiTatar nechisimba Russia nomuGungwa Black inowanzorimwa rakatanga yokutanga yezana XIII remakore. Genghis Khan (Temujin) aida Saka richikura aro akakura mamiriro, iyo nguva ino akatambanudza kubva pamhenderekedzo Pacific Ocean kusvika kuGungwa reCaspian.

Kumaodzanyemba steppes pachiwi kweGungwa Dema apo marudzi Polovtsian akararama. Vakatanga kudana rubatsiro machinda Russian, nharo kuti kana nhasi Mongol-Tatars akabata nyika Polovtsian, mangwana uye ukasvikira Russian nyika.

The kwaita, wamboonekwa vavengi itsva simba, zvakakonzera kutya kukuru Russia. Chete vatongi kumaodzanyemba nyika vakasarudza kubatsira Polovtsy muutapwa muvengi. Vakanga vaine hondo, asi vakakundwa chose muna Battle of Kalka River. Mongol-Tatars uyewo pakarepo kusiya Russian munyika mushure kukunda kwake.

Muna 1227 amborohwa Khan akafa uye fuma yake yakakura kare yakakamurwa pakati pavanakomana vake, ushe zvose kupa apo Udyog.

Part venyika vakaenda uye muzukuru Genghis Khan, Batu. Akasarudza kutevera hwehasha wokuti sekuru vake uye kuwedzera miganhu zvinhu zvavo zvitsva.

Muna 1236 hondo huru pakati Tatars inotungamirirwa Batu Khan nyore akakunda guta guru Volga-Kama Bulgars, guta Bulgaria Great, uye muna 1237 vakauya pedyo kumuganhu Ryazan weutungamiriri. Batu Khan akatuma nhume dzake kumachinda zvemo kubvuma simba rake uye kubvumirana kubhadhara chegumi. Avo muchizvikudza akapindura, "zvako All, kana tiri aenda."

machinda Ryazan aikwezva muchinda Vladimir. Asi zvino migumisiro refu kwechirwere kusabatana uye kusabatana ose Rus. Vladimir Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich vakasarudza kupa rubatsiro, uye kugadzirira hondo kundorwa hwavo.

Ose Russian kwavabati akaratidza wakaora kurwisa muvengi, asi chete havasi kupikisa yakarongwa hondo Batu.

Mushure kubatwa wenyika Ryazan panyika Mongol-Tatars akaenda Suzdal. Guta guru weutungamiriri, guta Vladimir, akabatwa uye kupiswa. It zvakateverwa Rostov, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Tver uye Suzdal. On pano hakuna musha, nokuti vasingadi kunge mhirizhonga, achiuraya nokupisa zvose munzira kwayo. A Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich akaurayiwa Hondo kuRwizi City.

Mumakore maviri, ari nechisimba Tatars vakakunda yose kumusoro-kumabvazuva kweRussia. Chinonyanya kukuru nemishonga vaiva vagari vomuguta duku Kozelsk. Nokuti ichi zvisingaiti cheka vose munhu, asi chete matongo vasara muguta.

By 1240 mauto Batu kuti akabatwa uye Russian nharaunda rwezasi-wokumavirira. DEVI Chernigov uye Pereyaslavl. In yechando 1240, paiva kubatwa zviri Kiev nokuda eMongolia. Russia vakakundwa.

Mashomanana akatevera, mhirizhonga yacho akaenda kuburikidza Hungary, muSilesia, Moravia uye Poland. Asi kwenguva yakareba sei ikoko Tartars kwete akunde uye akawira shure. Extreme wokumavirira miganhu kukunda akava Volyn weutungamiriri uye Galician.

Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru Mongol-Tatars akasarudza kugara kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Russian Plain uye akatanga Khanate mutsva - Golden Horde. Pamutemo, zviri omurume guru Mongol Khan, asi zvishoma nezvishoma akava yakazvimirira mamiriro. Zolotaya Orda ritonge dzose Russian muGungwa Dema nharaunda, Urals uye zvikamu West Siberian steppes.

Tatar Khan haana ubvise zviremera machinda Russian, asi akasimuka pamusoro payo. Mushure kuzivikanwa ramachinda mukuru nesimba Horde, vanogona pamutemo kutonga avo ukuru, vachiwana vanonzi "chitaridzi". Batu pachake kutongwa ndeupi ari yokupona machinda weutungamiriri izvo kuti bhodhi kupa. Simba machinda Russian pamusoro vanhu vake panguva iyoyo chete kwakawedzera sezvo zvino akavimba guru kwokunze simba nevarwi Golden Horde.

The yose Vagari ukuru akanga rewritten kwazvo uye yaitarirwa rinorema mutero. Pakutanga, murume muripo akapomerwa Baskakov - dzakananga vakuru Horde. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvakaitwa asingatendi vatengesi vanenge vabhadhara mutero kubva coffers avo zvaida kukura uye kusangomanikidzira yayo kubva vomunzvimbo, cashing pamusoro payo.

Ugororo, kushungurudzwa uye mhirizhonga akaramba kunzi nevakawanda kumukira Tatars. Asi vatongi vemo vakaedza kutaurirana Horde varege kuuya pamusoro vanhu vake zvakare chokuparadza. At pakutanga XIV remakore wechiTatar zviremera vachiri aiona yamunenge kupa kuunganidzwa kwemari mutero zvakananga kumachinda Russian.

Simba Golden Horde, zvishoma nezvishoma simba - vatongi simba vaiva asisipo, uye internecine zvekufamba Khans chete sembura zvinhu. In November 1480 mune inokosha kurwisana pamwe chete Ugra River mauto machinda Russian vakakwanisa kukunda pamusoro Mongol-wechiTatar hondo. Somugumisiro zvisingaiti dzakamanikidzwa kudzokera nhoroondo kundima yavo. Saka kupera pamutemo dzakaita makore dzichipiwa Mongol-wechiTatar joko, Russia akava vakasununguka zvakare.