Museum of the Patriotic Hondo ye1812 muMoscow: kero, maawa ekuzarura, kuongorora, mifananidzo

Muna 2012, Russia yakachengeta zuva rekuyeuka - bicentennial yekukunda hondo yeNapoleonic. Kuye kupembera kwakagadziriswa kuvhurwa kweiyo yakagadzirirwa mumusoro mukuru wemifananidzo miviri, iyo yakagara mu Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 . Pfungwa yekusika chiyeuchidzo chakadaro yakaonekwa muzana remakore rechi19, asi kwemakore mazhinji zvakasiyana siyana zvakasaderedza kushandiswa kwayo, uye, pakupedzisira, Russia yakagamuchira musimamende akakodzera yekuyeuka zviitiko izvozvo zvinoshamisa.

Burnt memorial

Mushure mekunge musha weFili wakapinda munhoroondo yeRussia senzvimbo iyo MI Kutuzov akaita chisarudzo choga chechokwadi panguva iyoyo kuti azviise pasi kuMoscow, muimba mahofisi avo vakanga vaungana kwemafuro ezana remakore rakanyatsochengetedza zvinhu zvepakutanga zvaiva nechokuita nechokukosha Chiitiko.

Muna 1868, muridzi wenyika iyo "Kutuzov hut" yakanga iripo - unozivikanwa zvikuru nomudzimai weMoscow E.D. Naryshkin - akaberekwa kuti ape sechipo kuguta kuti aumbe chirangaridzo chirimo, asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti zvirongwa izvi hazvifaniri kuitika: Mugore rimwechete iyo imba yekare yakatsva.

Mazano anobva kuvanhu

Makore makumi maviri gare gare, muna 1888, veOrthodox vashanduri veMoscow vakaita chido chekuda nyika. Neyo mari yeUniversity of Banners, yakagadzirwa kuKathedral yaKristu Muponesi, vakavaka kopi chaiyo yezvakaitika kare Kutuzov hut, iyo yakagadzirwa nemuumbi wehuni N. D. Strukov. Chakanga chiri, chaizvoizvo, museum wekutanga wePatriotic War ye1812, iyo yakavapo kusvikira muna 1929.

Pasina mubvunzo, vanhu veRussia panguva dzose vaiva nepfungwa yekuda nyika uye kuvonga kune avo vane zvombo mumaoko avo vakadzivirira nyika yavo kubva kuvavengi. Izvi zvakaratidzwa zvakajeka muchisarudzo chevashandi vechitima chezvitima Borodino, uyo akasika muna 1903 mune chiremba achivaka chiratidziro achitaura nezvezviitiko zvehondo neNapoleon.

Mutemo Mukuru Wekumusoro

Izvi, izvo zvatova zvechipiri panguva iyoyo yemu Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812, yakasunungurwa pamusana pekuzvidira, yakaita kuti Emperor Nicholas II ataure chirevo chepamusoro pakusika kwechirangaridzo chehurumende muchiyeuchidzo chechiitiko, iyo yezana remakore iyo yakanga yava kuda kupemberera. Zvinonzwisisika kuti izvi zvakagadziriswa zvakagamuchirwa mumativi ose evanhu.

Basa remakomiti, iro rakapiwa basa rekugadzirwa kweMusvingo wePatriotic Hondo ye1812 kuMoscow , yakapiwa mukuru weChishanu, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Afanasyev. Chisarudzo ichi chakanga chisingakanganwiki - kuva chivimbo chikuru chezvakaitika kare uye mufundisi chaiye weRussia, Vladimir Alexandrovich pachake akaunganidza zvakakura zvezvinhu zvakabatsira pakuongorora zviitiko zvemakore iwayo asingakanganwiki. Basa rake seyo musoro wekomiti, akatanga nebhurocha bhurocha pamusoro pekusarudza nzvimbo kune ramangwana remu museum.

Kupemberera kwezana remakore

Makore matatu isati yasvika pamusangano wePoteshny Palace unoyevedza - iyo yakawanda iri kumadokero rusvingo rweKremlin - musamu musamu wePatriotic War of 1812 yakasikwa. MuMoscow, chiitiko ichi chakagamuchirwa zvikuru, uye paIndaneti Street, iyo nzvimbo yacho yaive iripo, yaigara ichizara.

Pakutanga kwemhemberero huru, iyo yakaitika muna 1912, chiratidziro chikuru chakatanga paimba yeImperial Historical Museum, iyo yakava mugumisiro webasa rekomiti rinotungamirirwa naVaA VAAAVANYEV. Zvarakaratidzwa zvakaiswa mumahumba mapfumbamwe, chimwe nechimwe chaive nechikwangwani chazvo.

Mukuwedzera, vashanyi vekuratidzwa kwacho vakataurwa zvikurukuru kubva kuSt. Petersburg mifananidzo yaVasily Vereshchagin, uyo akanyora nyaya dzakanzi "1812" uye akachengetwa mumusangano weRussian Museum. Kufarira kukuru kwakakwezvawo kune zvakaratidzwa zvakapihwa kumusimamende kubva kuvatori 'uye zvivigiro zvekuchengetera mabhuku AA Bakhrushin. Yakanga iri pamusana pejubheri rino kuratidza kuti rakarongerwa kugadzira mushure mekuchengetedzwa kwemusangano wePatriotic War ye1812 kuMoscow.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akaputsa zvirongwa zvose

Imwezve basa pamusana pekusikwa kwemu museum kunogumisa hondo yevaImeriyaria, uye kubuda kweOctober kwakatevedza kwakanyatsopindira kushandiswa kweprojekiti kwenguva isingagumi. VA Afanasyev, uyo akapiwa chikamu chevakuru vakuru panguva iyo, akazvidira achienda kune rumwe rutivi rweVaBolshevik, asi mumakumi matatu akauya pasi peimwe Stalin "purge" uye akasungwa pamhosva dzekubatanidzwa mune sangano reAnti-Soviet. Nenzira yekuti, zviratidzo zvakaratidzwa pachiratidziro muna 1912, hazvina kurasikirwa, asi dzakachengetwa mumatura ezviitiko zve Historical Museum.

Makore mazana maviri mushure meBododino

Makore akapfuura, gore rakatevera rekudzingwa kwevaNapoleonic vapanduki kubva munharaunda yeRussia yakasvika. Panguva ino zvaive zvakakodzera kupemberera bicentennial yechiitiko chinokosha. Makore maviri isati yaitika, chivakwa chemuzinda unokosha wekuratidzira pakuratidza mifananidzo kubva munzvimbo dzekuchengetedzwa kwemuzinda mumasitamende, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa muna 1912, zvakatanga. Mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mana emabhule akapiwa kubva muhurumende yehurumende nekuda kwechinangwa ichi.

Mabasa ose akaitwa pasi pehutungamiri hweHurumende yeMasitirwo akapedzwa muna 2012, uye nekutangira kwemhemberero ye Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 (address: Moscow, Revolution Square, 2/3) yakavhurwa. Ichi chiitiko chakaitika musi waSeptember 4, uye ikozvino mazuva maviri gare gare imba dzayo dzakagamuchira vaenzi vokutanga.

Kuyera uye kujekesa kukuru

Kuenzanisira kwemusitamende ichangobva kusikwa kwakanyanyisa. Izvo zvinosanganisira zviuru zviviri zvakashata, pakati pavo zvombo zvemakore iwayo, yunifomu, zvinyorwa zvisingawanzoitiki, pamwe nemifananidzo iyo inoratidza mifananidzo yakaisvonaka yezviitiko zvinoshamisa. Mhinduro inofadza kubva kune vashanyi inowanikwa mune zvishandiso zvinoratidza chiso chemashure makuru maviri ezvakaitika panguva iyoyo, maviri madzimambo - Russian neFrance.

Kubvira zvino zvichienda mberi, pakati pemakamuri ekuratidzwa kweguta guru, Museum of the Patriotic War ye1812 yakaita nzvimbo yakakodzera. Kuongorora nezvebasa rake rinotaura ivo pachavo. Mazana evanhu, mushure mokuongorora chiratidziro, vanoda kufanirana zvavanoona kune avo vari kungovashanyira. Mafungiro avo anonyanya kufadza uye anokosha nokuti hazvina kusarura: vanhu vanotaura pachena maonero avo.

Izvo zvisingakanganwiki zviratidzo

Sezvo zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pane zvakapinda zvakasara nevashanyi vekuratidzira, chidimbu chemasvingo emadziro akaonekwa pakutanga kwekutsanangurwa kunofadza. Iyi ndiyo fresco iyo yakashamisika yakapona mushure mekuparadzwa kwetemberi huru muMoscow munaDecember 1931, yakavakwa mukuonga kuMuponesi, uyo akasunungura Russia weNapoleonic mauto. Munyori waro - munyori wekuRussia anozivikanwa wekupedzisira kwezana remakore re1939 Henryk Semiradsky - akaratidza chiitiko chinonakidza chinyorwa, achichipa chiratidzo chekusagadzikana kwezvombo zveRussia.

Pakati peongororo, kune chido chakakosha mune imwe nzvimbo inoshamisa yakaratidzwa pachiratidzo chacho. Iri ibakatwa rechokwadi, raimbova raNapoleon uye rakaendeswa kuna Count Shuvalov mukuonga kuburikidza nekumuponesa kubva kune vanhu vakatsamwa pavanotevera nzvimbo yekuendeswa kune chitsuwa cheEriba.

Uyezve, basa re multimedia system rinosanganiswa mukati mekutsanangurwa rinoitawo maonero akanaka, zvichibvumira kufananidzira zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa pairi nekuratidzira mavhidhiyo evhidhiyo uye kubudiswa kwemapupa emifananidzo ehondo.

Kukokwa ku museum

Kune vose vanokoshesa nhoroondo yeAmerica yedu, ichava inofadza uye inobatsira kushanyira Museum of the Patriotic War ye 1812. Maawa okuzarura: Chishanu neMugovera - Kubva pa10: 00 kusvika pa21: 00, uye pamazuva akasara evhiki - kubva 10:00 kusvika 18:00. Inofungidzirwa somunhu mumwechete kuongororwa kwekutsanangurwa, uye sangano rekufambisa. Imwe Musangano wePatriotic Hondo ye1812 kuMoscow, iyo kero yakaratidzwa pamusoro apa, inotora nzvimbo mbiri yemasvingo iri pakati peMoscow City Duma uye nzvimbo ye Old Old.

Zvakaoma kurondedzera kukosha kwemu museum uyu kune dzidzo yevagari veRussia, uye kunyanya vechiduku, manzwiro e rudo kuMamareland nekuda nyika. Hazvisi zvisinganzwisisiki kuti kunyatsoteerera kwakadai kwakabhadharwa nekusikwa kwechirangaridzo munguva yose yakapfuura kubvira mumazuva apo mukuru wekupedzisira weNapoleonic akasiya Russia.