Nerevane maumbirwo chirimwa hunde

Floras - kumwe chinoshamisa uye kujairika zvinoshamisa redu. Plants vakasiyana munguva nesimba zvakasiyana mhuka. Chinhu bedzi runobatanidza vamwe vavo - kwedzinde. Chokwadi, zviri zvikuru kunzwisisa uye heterogeneous mamiriro, mashandiro anoita izvo siyana kwazvo. Saka munyaya ino tichakurukura kutarira nemamiriro hunde.

tsananguro

Ndiwo chikuru wepfumo chikamu chirimwa. It dzakabatanidzwa mashizha kuti vakatakudzwa pamusoro hunde kuti chiedza panguva yayo gwara avagamuchira zvinogadzirisa nezvinovaka muviri, mvura uye zvicherwa munyu. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti pangava kunonoka zvinovaka muviri "mu chengetedza". Mukuwedzera, hunde mamiriro kunobatanidza kukura kwayo muchero, mbeu uye maruva, izvo vanoshumira kuti kubereka hwomuti muviri.

Huru STRUCTURAL dzakabatana dziri paungano uye interstice. Raiva pedyo nebundu akadana yemapurisa, kurudyi iro mashizha kana wotungira. Saka, pakati maviri pedyo nodes hwakarongwa interstice. The nzvimbo inopfurwa pakati raiva pedyo nebundu uye mashizha petiole, rinonzi sinus. Saizvozvowo, vaya atwo kuti dziri munzvimbo iyi, inonzi axillary. At pamusoro kukura pakati hunde ane itsvo, anonzi chakaderedzwa mutengo.

Kana kumbomira shure zvishoma huru inoenda nyaya, unogona kutiudza chinhu chinonakidza. Maiziva kuti interstices izvo zvirimwa yakakura zvakakwana vavo aigona kuita kunyange kegs duku? Dzimwe yemishenjere, Chokwadi! Izvi uswa huru ine yakadaro simba madzinde, izvo pakati pavo regai ndiro chete, asiwo rakaisvonaka matanda. Kunobva mhango bambu, hunogara, anenge regai richaora, uye zvakaita kuti kusarudza vengarava vakawanda munguva dzekare.

upenyu anotarisirwa

Munhu wose anoziva kuti madzinde vari Woody uye herbaceous zvirimwa akasiyana zvikuru hurefu. Saka, akasiyana-siyana wemiriwo nevakawanda dzinodziya vematunhu, hazvina kurarama kupfuura mumwe mwaka. The hunde iri Woody miti inogona kuchengetwa anopfuura rimwe remakore. Munyika anozivikanwa Mubristlecone vanoondoroka Prometheus, riri kukura muUnited States nhasi (WPN-114 indekisi). Rakanga watemwa muna 1964. Maererano radiocarbon kufambidzana, yaiva makore ... makore 4862! Kunyange Christmas muti kunozadziswa, apo akanga atova ari chaizvo "vanoremekedzwa" zera!

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu zvaikosha kuziva, kudzidza nemamiriro hunde? The hunde anonzi mukuru hunde, panguva pamakwenzi kuti vane vakawanda kukura pfungwa, idzodzo dzakadaro dzinonzi hunde dzacho. Yeuka kuti pane mhando dzakawanda. Hekuno kupatsanura pakati madzinde, iro rave wokurera zvevakomana.

The huru kupatsanura

Very zvakafanana twasu marudzi. Chingorangarirai anenge miti yose, zvakawanda nemiriwo. Panyaya iyi, sechivako chirimwa hunde kwakasiyana zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira zvokuimba chikamu, asi haumanikidzwi kuti nyama dzawo dzakanga zvachose Woody. Muenzaniso - Sunflower, chibage, ane hunde kuchiri kuchinja chaizvo uye mupenyu. In zviyo zviri zvemuchadenga chikamu hunde anonzi culm. Kazhinji, negomba mukati maro (kunze nodal zvikamu). Zvisinei, negomba zvipenyu zviri rinoparadzirwa pakati namakeke, amburera zvinomera, etc.

Vamwe miriwo vane zvinokambaira hunde. Its maitiro chinhu - kukwanisa midzi raiva pedyo nebundu. A muenzaniso wakakwana - mhuka Strawberry.

Laza rakamonana mhando, izvo munzira dzakawanda ari kusiyana yapfuura, kwakapararira pakati mizambiringa. Pakati zvirimwa aya uyewo herbaceous uye Woody mhuka. Vose vari chihombe kukura zvazvingava, nokudaro muedzo wacho zvokuimba chikamu Hazvingaiti nguva kutanga, asi nekuti muzambiringa kushayiwa rubatsiro.

Curly, namarudzi rokuremekedza, entwine hwaro. Zvinofadza kuti vamwe marudzi matavi anotandira entwine nechigadziko Kutenderera, uye mune dzimwe - negwara risiri. Panewo miti yakadaro vane dzakanzi vaine wakaenzana inogona hwakakungwa kwose kwose. Kusiyana navo, vakabatirira mhando vanokwira danda, vtseplyayas mu kupfuura makatsemuka uye Kunetsana pamusoro pemvura ndebvu dzake (mazambiringa, Ivy).

Vakawanda muchimiro hunde

Kana iwe tora chirimwa vaiguranye, kutarira nemamiriro hunde mune iyi kakawanda akafanana denderedzwa. Chokwadi, zvisikwa hakungoitwi:

• Mativi muchinjikwa-chikamu petsanga.
• Tetrahedral kubva porukato.
• Beautiful uye chinopa kunzwisisa polyhedrons cacti.
• Opuntia vari flattened, anenge sandara iri mhando vakatongoparadzwa.
• In sechivako inonaka pizi hunde yacho chirimwa chakafanana bapiro.

Asi regai kufunga kuti siyana ichi aigona zvisingaperi. Kunyanyisa wakafara asymmetric madzinde kazhinji simuka somugumisiro chero anomalies zvakakomba uye hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka mune kukura. Heano mhando zviripo zvivako madzinde.

Sezvo hunde kunoita mvura uye zvicherwa munyu dambudziko?

Sezvatinoziva, muti nokuda hwandaiva upenyu anofanira hazvo rupiwe nemvura uye chicherwa munyu mhinduro. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mashandiro ari hunde chaizvo senga yavo. Kana iwe akatema davi Birch kana mumeporo pakutanga muto aibuda, zvino ichi inogona nyore kuona, nokuti achapiwa zvakawanda wopedza muto kubva akavezwa pamusoro.

Anenge zvose miriwo muviri zvapararira jira conductive. Zvose zviri kusiyaniswa: Water uye aqueous mhinduro vanomutswa nomumwe, uye Organic zvinhu - dzimwe makwara. In miti, zvivako izvi kazhinji zvapararira nematanda zvemaziso munyama kuti anopa simba zvakakodzera.

Sezvo hunde kunoita makemikari nyaya? Apo vanogona Stock mudenga?

Organic zvinovaka muviri zvose zviri iiswe mumasero kushandiswa kuti kukonzera vari stocking kukwira. Chaizvoizvo, nokuda izvi zvinhu uye vanhu dzaichengetwa zvinomera: nayo runoberekwa mafuta uye mafuta, chinokosha zvikuru mbishi zvinhu nokuda zvemakemikari, kubudiswa uye zvokudya Mazinga.

Kazhinji, yeimwe aya iiswe vaduku mabukira, mbeu uye michero zvinomera. Tinofunga kuti rizivikanwe mbatatisi zvose, inotapira mbatatisi kana nzungu, nyaya zvose zviri kuitika mairi chaizvo. Kana miti, iro makemikari nyaya zvinokonzerwa uchingounganidza ari core. Saka, zviri kubva chikamu ichi mamwe marudzi zvanza kusvina inokosha mbishi mashoko makemikari indasitiri (waxes, mafuta).

Chii mukati?

The gotwe richangobva akura chirimwa hunde dzacho pakutanga akafukidza kusimba ganda. Naizvozvo, zviri chikatsiviwa chimiso zvachose. masero Its kufa zvachose, vachiri chete risina chinhu "goko" vakazadzwa mhepo. Saka, ganda uye chivhariso vari muboka sokuvhara nyama, kuti chubhu iri multilayer marongerwo.

Kusiyana nevakawanda, zviri yakaumbwa negore upenyu chirimwa wokutanga. With Kukura zera uye anowedzera pakukora ari koko rukoko. Vose kufukidza jira zvakagadzirirwa pachisikirwo kudzivirira kudyara muviri kubva nemigumisiro uye migumisiro kwezvakatipoteredza.

Tinofanira kuyeuka kuti mashoko awa ose vari zvikuru mune dzimwe maindasitiri. Zvikurukuru mu kuveza. Saka, munhu anofanira kugara tichiyeuka mukurapa yematanda kuti zvikamu avo, izvo hunodzorwa masero vaduku uye nokukurumidza kuparadzanise, zviri nani kushandisa panguva upenyu muti. Chaizvoizvo, pane misoro yamatanda vachadzingwa nokuda kwechikonzero ichi. Ndizvo zvinokosha sei muupenyu zvipenyu! hunde mamiriro ndiyo yakaoma zvikuru, asi zvinokosha kuziva izvozvo.

Saka, micheka izvi kudzivisa kunyanya kwemvura, iyo inokosha zvikuru munzvimbo dzine zvakakomba uye inopisa, kudzivirira chirimwa pamusoro ingress guruva uye Ukobvu inokuvadza tusingaoneki zvinogona chirwere uye rufu nhengo. Pane tuduku stomata kuti gasi mukutsinhana ari zvinyama kufukidza pamusoro, kuburikidza icho anosima "fema".

On the chubhu sezvo uchaona tuduku anorovera yakabvooka anonzi lenticels. Vari aumba kubva zvikuru guru muchitokisi chawo rejira, izvo zvisingapindirani runoshamisa ukuru intercellular nzvimbo.

Pasi pabutiro goko (pane pamusoro) ndiyo nemakwati, rukoko rwomukati unonzi phloem. Uyezve, dzomunyika nemamiriro hunde rinosanganisira nesefa marongerwo uye shamwari-masero. Kunze kwavari, mune mumasero anokosha umo stocking muviri.

kuhukura mamiriro

Bast fibers yareba pakureba, uye zviri akafa Woody masvingo kukura kwacho, anoshanda mutakuri, ari zvokuimba chikamu. It zvinoenderana navo nedzinde simba, kurwisa raro kutsemuka. Nesefa hurongwa - a vertically akaronga mitsara masero mhenyu pamwe kwakakanganiswa nuclei uye cytoplasm, vanoomerera yomukati nevamwe. masvingo avo vari rakapinda kuburikidza makomba. Nomusero Masero ndezvaJehovha achitungamirira gadziriro yacho chirimwa, iyo anoumba mvura uye inotonhorera mhinduro.

In dzomunyika nemamiriro hunde anosanganisirawo cambium, sezvamakaropafadzwa refu, rwakatambanudzwa uye sandara masero. Ivo kuudza muchirimo uye chirimo. The chikuru Chikamu hunde rinongova huni. Very zvakafanana chivako kuti phloem, uyewo vakaumba masero zvakasiyana chimiro uye basa, izvo zvinoumba munyama akawanda (akawanda conductive hurongwa uye zvemaziso chikuru tishu). Tree zvindori inoumbwa zvose masero uye munyama.

Saka kudzidza nemamiriro hunde 6 makirasi dzose chikoro chesekondari. Zvinosuruvarisa, purogiramu yedzidzo haisi kazhinji inotaurawo core. Asi zvinonzi akaumbwa dzakaonda rusvingo masero yakakura. Havasi chomumba pamusoro peiko, mutambo chitoro uye chekuchengeta chikamu. Kana ndamboona chinoumba muti hunde, iwe zvimwe kuyeuka "ndebvu" kuti tichiratidza kubva kwakasiyana-siyana.

Asi basa rinokosha! Zviri pamusoro izvi tyazham kuti yakakura masumbu conductive zvivako, kuti zvokudya kupinda phloem uye dzimwe nhengo chirimwa muviri. Kukubatsira akafungidzira nemamiriro hunde (dicots uyewo), ratinoparidza dzinokosha Data iri tafura fomu.

tafura iyi "Structure hunde yacho chirimwa" kuchakubatsira kuyeuka zvinhu zvinoriumba, kunzwisisa kwavo dzichipfekeka kukosha. Oddly zvakakwana, asi mashoko ose kunogona kubatsira muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Common zviri anatomical nemamiriro hunde

Zvino tichaongorora anatomical nemamiriro hunde. Oddly zvakakwana, asi nyaya iyi zvikuru Zvinowanzoomera avo vadzidzi vari kudzidza bhotani kosi. Kazhinji, kana iwe zvichida kuziva mukuru functionality-siyana hurongwa ari hunde, uye ipapo kukwanisa kubata mamiriro, pasina chinhu chaicho. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, marongerwo uye kushanda hunde zvakabatana chaizvo, saka kuti vanofanira kuverengwa pavanoparidza.

In kuitisa munyama dzakabudirira conductive hurongwa (nomusero masero) naro zvinovaka muviri zvakakumikidzwa kumativi ose chirimwa. The chikuru Chikamu dhiramu pane vazhinji zvokuimba rinenge vane basa simba ehupfumi. Majaya matavi ane dzakabudirira kwegadziriro meristems.

Paaishandisa kwakajairika chiedza maikorosikopu unogona kuona kuti apical meristems kupa simukai procambium uye gusset meristem. Zviri kuburikidza navo rinotanga kuumba chikuru nemamiriro hunde. Mune dzimwe mbesa kuti inogara kwenguva refu. Cambium, ndiro marongerwo yechipiri, anoumba yechipiri nemamiriro hunde.

Features chezvinhu hurongwa

Funga zviri hunde mamiriro. More chaizvo, zvikuru marongerwo. Tinofanira kusiyanisa nechepakati shamhu (Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda), uye chikuru-hurongwa cortex. Kunze kuhukura ichi akafuka butiro jira (periderm), uye pasi payo pane kuitwa rinenge (hlorenhima). Iye ane basa rinokosha, sezvo anoita somunhu yorudzii zambuko pakati cortex uye zvokuimba zvinyama (collenchyma uye sclerenchyma).

The nechepakati paro kunodzivirirwa kumativi ose nokuda paiva endoderm. Most kwayo maigara conductive tambo inoumbwa kwemapazi conductive uye zvemaziso munyama, izvo isu chete taitaura. The Musimboti rine dzinenge dzisiri unyanzvi parenchyma. Nokuda kuti masero ayo akaipa yakabatana mumwe (sezvo kakawanda akataura pamusoro), kakawanda kuumbwa mhepo mhango ane inzwi kunogona kuva zvinokosha chaizvo.

Cambium zvinowanisa xylem yechipiri uye phloem. Izvi imhaka yokuti chinonyanya cortex achigara anofa uye saka anofanira kutsiviwa, iro rinopa uye cambial tishu. Pakupedzisira zvakakodzera kutaura kuti chivako madzinde zvikurukuru kunotsamira kwete rudzi zvinomera, asiwo zvinhu umo vanokura. Pano saka vanofanira kudzidza nemamiriro hunde 6 kirasi.