Nienschanz. nhare Swedish uye guta Nienschanz Nien (Nyen)

Implementation vechiduku Peter I urongwa hakwaikwanisika pasina hombe rakazaruka pachiteshi, izvo raizoita Russia kuva gungwa Links pamwe European inoti. "History" bhuku (Grade 5) inotiudza kukunda Ingria, uye munyaya ino mamwe mashoko ezvakaitwa kubatwa ari Swedish masvingo, akamira pamahombekombe Neva uye Okhta. Iye zvino, Swedish, zita unorira nhare Nyuenkas, asi mune Russian historiography dzavarwi anozivikanwa nezita Nienschanz nhare.

Background wakakombwa

Sezvo pakutanga XIV remakore uye kweanenge mazana matatu Swedish Umambo kukura kuBaltic nyika vakanga ceded pasi mashoko Orekhov nyika. Neva uye Ladoga nyika haana kuiswawo pakati siyana zvinodiwa nehurumende. Zvakange chete pakutanga pakati XVII remakore, zvakanzi akasarudza kudzokera vakarasika nyika. Chokutanga Hurumende wokuSweden akasarudzwa kuti enyika pakugadzirisa dambudziko. Mumwe wevanakomana Charles IX aiva nomukana kutora Russian pachigaro. Asi izvi kudziviswa kuramba tichishanda hondo Denmark, izvo yakaguma muna 1613 Panguva ino, mukana ave mambo Russia akarasika - paakangogara pachigaro wechiduku Mikhail Romanov. Asi urongwa Sweden kuti kusimbisa pamahombekombe Neva havana kukanganwa, uye Jakobho of Lagarde mu-mukuru weuto Swedish, vakabayira korona kuvaka nhare kudzivirira kare akakunda nenharaunda.

The kuvakwa wakakombwa

Pfungwa yakanga aifarirwa Mukuru mambo uye anotsigirwa Swedish neParamende - Riksdag. Muna 1611, dzavarwi yakavakwa, izvo akazozivikanwa sezvo Nienschanz, izvo anoshandura mu Russian se "achisimbisa Neva."

Chokwadi, chinhu chinokosha urongwa, vakatora Nienschanz nhare, zvaiva zvakajeka kuti hurumende Swedish. All remakore XVII yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna kusimbisa uye modernize kuchengeteka akaitwa chivako. Muna 1675 dzavarwi kutendeuka urongwa anzverwa namambo Swedish uye vakatsva kutevedzerwa. Mumwe murimi yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia uye Ingermanland aifanira kushanda mwedzi, upgrading Nienschanz.

Pakazosvika mavambo XVIII remakore yave nokusimbaradza chimiro nePentagon, uye rave riri chakagadzirwa hombe mugodhi kukwirira kusvika 19 m. Two Ravelin, bastions shanu uye zvokuridzira ano vakaita nhare zvikuru kudzivirira kuvakwa.

chiitiko Nien

Neva - nevezvokutengeserana, aizivikanwa VaViking, hazvishamisi kuti paiva pedyo nhare uye akazova kukurumidza kuwedzera maguta Nien.

guta rino, zvirongwa kuSweden, chakaumbwa sezvo guta guru zvose minda yayo okumabvazuva - Ingermanland. On muguta nguo maoko ichifananidzwa shumba nomunondo imire pakati penzizi maviri, nokuda muchiuto pamberi yeSweden mumiromo Neva uye Okhta.

Yakakodzera nzvimbo kukwezvwa ichi nzvimbo nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye vatengesi vaibva zvose pamusoro Europe. Pano akararama yakabatana isiri Finns, vanhu vokuGermany, Russian, Izhors, Dutch. Paiva echiPurotesitendi machechi, chechi imwe Lutheran, uye vakasiya kumahombekombe Neva River wakashongedzwa kuchechi yeOrthodox. Pakati nemahombekombe achiparadzira chikepe. Business uye pasiri matsamba chaiitirwa mune German uye Swedish.

Mukuwedzera chitoro zvitoro zviri Nien vakanga vavaka chipatara, fekitari zvidhina, mumwe shipyard, mumwe girinihausi uye kunyange vakwegura. Pakati mativi maviri, yakanga yakavakwa muguta, kukwira chikepe vakaenda.

Pavapenyu wezvokutengeserana uye makwikwi pakati mamwe maguta reBaltic kwakatungamirira kuti muna 1632 vagari nyaya mambo wokuSweden aine chikumbiro kuti ovapa vanotengesa ropafadzo, iyo gare gare akazvipiwa navo.

The chiteshi rakava pachena mapazi uye kubhadhara mutero. Kuwedzera zvokutengeserana zvaunofarira zvakaita kuti kumutsidzira wezvokutengeserana uye kubudirira kwevanhu.

YeSweden Fort kwaingova chiratidzo samambure masvingo simba, iyo akaitirwa kusimbisa nyika Ingermanlandii yokutanga. Asi kutanga kune Northern War chaitadzisa Implementation zvirongwa izvi.

kutora Nyenschantz

Nhoroondo rechi17 kuRussia yakatanga chiziviso hwokuchamhembe. hondo. Peter I ainyatsoziva kukosha muguta uye Nien munharaunda naye kusimbisa. Saka, mumwe wokutanga muchiuto chiito mambo akanga achitora Nyenschantz.

Under vakawanda felmarshala Sheremetev hondo Russian aiva Shlisserburge, uye April 23, 1703 akaita guta uye kutamira pamwe rworudyi kumahombekombe Neva River, akasvika kunzvimbo nhare yaiva Nienschanz. A yokuzviparadzanisa varume zviuru zviviri akatumwa nomurindi kunosora, magwa akayambuka Lake Ladoga uye akaswedera nhare yeSweden. Kurwisa Sudden makapwanya Swedish hondo boka ravarwi sezvo nokusimbisa akachengeteka harina kugadzirirwa uye vashoma. April 25 akasvika Nhare unorema mauto. Part weuto akayambuka Okhta uye chikamu riri kuseri pasi pabutiro rokunze mugodhi. Vakakomba nhare, nharirire akatanga kuchera pemigero kuti kuisa atirari mabhatiri. Usiku mvura kubva Shlisserburga vakaunzwa mumaturi, cannons uye zvombo kwavari.

April 26 kubatanidzwa mune kubatwa wakakombwa wamambo akauya Petro ake boka racho. By April 30, Kutyisidzirwa zvose zviito vakaurayiwa, uye commandant wakakombwa rakatumirwa kupa kuna kusarenda. Nenguva 7 pm musi Nyenschantz nevanozvitsigira akazarurwa moto. The yeSweden vakapfurwa uye shanu o'clock mangwanani, uye ipapo akabvuma mapfumo.

mapfumo wakakombwa

The kubatwa wakakombwa kwave yakatarwa chibvumirano kuti vakande mapfumo pasi. Pasi chibvumirano okupedzisira vanotsigira zvose zvakanga nzira yokubuda wenhare ari Vyborg uye Narva ine mireza uye nezvombo. Apo nguva kutora nhare Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Shlotburg.

The Military Council kuti kwakaitika nguva pfupi pashure nenzvimbo hondo wokuRussia pamahombekombe Neva, vakasarudza njodzi Shlotburga. Dhorobha raiva duku zvakare uye kugadzikana. Open kuvakwa nhare idzva kwakasarudzwa musi Hare Island.

Peter pachake vakatarira Nienschanz nhare rakaparadzwa pasi. Buildings Kupwanya, nokuputswa, ichiridzwa, erasing kuyeuka nokusimbaradza Swedish. City Nien akatamburawo panguva yokukomba, asi dzimwe dzimba uye zvidhina chirimwa rakaramba uye vakazopiwa kushandiswa pakuvaka zvivako St. Petersburg rokutanga. On nzvimbo aimbova nhare yamambo akarayira kuisa zvina chirefu kupfuura pedanda rechikepe muti.

Nienschanz pashure pokutora

Vakararama Northern War vakati makore kuti mukati 15, sezvo nhare dzokurwa Nienschanz richakanganikwa, asi mashoko mappers inoratidza kuti zvasara ichi kuzvidzivirira mamiriro aivapo pamberi 10-ies remakore rechi19. Muna 1748 iri nzvimbo kronverka Nyenschantz shasha Rastrelli nheyo yacho Smolny Cathedral. Kure negungwa nhare gumi gare gare kutora shipyard Petrovsky fekitari.

Museum Nienschanz

Kumavambo 90 wacho. XX remakore Petersburg archeologists vacherera pamusoro Okhta River munzvimbo pamuromo rwizi. The akaunganidzwa Zvakawanikwa akabvumira kuti uvhure miziyamu, zita rizere iro unorira "Makore 700 kubva Landskrona, Neva estuary, Nyenskans". The miziyamu anogona kupa planograms uye Layouts kusimbiswa. Uyewo kuwana kuti achengetedze nhoroondo. Grade 5 Zvikoro yechipiri yekudyidzana kuwedzera pamwero wavo ruzivo, ndichiva vakajairana zvinokosha Exhibits ari miziyamu.