The Duke pamusoro Alba: Biography

Fernando Alvarez of Toledo, Duke pamusoro Alba, ane Biography rinotiudza zvakawanda zvinofadza zvine chokuita hwake uye basa, akaberekwa muna 1507. Zvakanga kuzivikanwa Spanish mukuru, uyewo yakakurumbira yokutungamirira. Nokuda utsinye rake remadunhurirwa "Iron Duke".

Uduku ramangwana ropa Duke

Fernando De Toledo akaberekwa musi October 29, 1508 mune rimwe mukuru uye vanoremekedzwa zvikuru mhuri chakanaka yeSpeini. baba vake vakafa apo Alvarez of Toledo achiri mudiki, zvino yakanga Akaunza yakaoma sekuru. Akaita zvose kukura kubva mukomana, mushumiri Catholic vanoshingaira akatendeka kuna mambo uye musoja anozvibata. Pazera gumi makore Duke pamusoro Alba ave mukuru mukuru danidziro naMambo Charles V pamusoro French.

Sezvo 1531 Fernando akabatanidzwa kutungamirira basa pakuvhiya pamusoro vokuTurkey. Uyezve, akanga akakwiridzirwa kusvika zvavo pashure pemakore maviri uye akazvisiyanisa panguva yokukomba muna Tunisia muna 1535 .. Pashure achidzivirira Perpignan kubva pakurwiswa French muna 1542-m, iye akagadzwa Charles Rechishanu chipangamazano remauto mutsivi wake, Philippe.

The inozivikanwa zvikuru hondo musi

The Duke pamusoro Alba akarayira vamabhiza, izvo zvikuru pave Imperial mukukunda Mühlberg muna muna 1547. Uye pashure pemakore mashanu, Fernando Alvarez akatora pamusoro zvinonyatsorehwa murayiro Spanish mauto kuItaly. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuti Duke kugona kudzivisa kukundwa Imperial vehondo, somunhu mugumisiro izvi zvakakonzera abdication chamambo muna 1556.

Philip II, akava Mambo Spain, Fernando of Toledo, akagadzwa kuva gavhuna Milan, uyewo mutungamiri mauto Italy. Ipapo Duke pamusoro Alba ari vachirwa hondo papa hondo Pauro Chechina, uyo aiva mutsigiri French, akamira pamusoro varwi Spanish gumi nezviviri. Nepo pakudzivisa zvakananga kurwisa Rome, kuti hakuna kudzokorora 1527.

Wemanomano raPapa, kana wakakwana mukukunda Fernando

Baba sokuti rinokurudzira vavengi kuti chibvumirano, vachitarisira kuti nguva ino kubata French mauto asi vokuSpain vabatwa uye vakakundwa panguva Hondo San Quentin. Uye pasina rutsigiro wemauto aitarisira papa mauto vakakundwa. Fernando Alvarez akaita Papa kubvuma nyika muna 1557, izvo akapa Kudzora Spanish muItaly kwemakore anopfuura zana.

Mugore iroro pakati ramadzimambo Spain uye France ane chibvumirano chakanga nemasaini Cateau-Cambresis. Apo yakatora chibvumirano ichi, kweItari yakanga kwenguva refu ezvinhu zororo. Zvino fume kuchikosha Danho iri Biography yaiva yakakurumbira Fernando - mushandirapamwe of Duke pakati Alba muna 1567 uye kutonga kwayo hunotevedzana muNetherlands, iyo akasiya yakadzika chiratidzo munhau nekuda utsinye uye ropa zviitiko.

Ropa mabasa nomukurumbira Duke

Muna August 1566 Netherlands akanga Iconoclastic nokumukira, panguva iyo yakanga dzichapambwa kana kunyange kuparadzwa kwete chete kuwanda dzemamongi, asiwo nekereke uye mifananidzo Catholic. Kugadzirisa matambudziko dzevagari uye zvechitendero nyaya Korol Kuvshinov II akatuma Fernando akatungamirira hondo yevashoma muNetherlands. Ipapo Duke pamusoro Alba, ane Biography anowedzera iyi, akasiya zvikuru ropa ndangariro.

Fernando akapinda mundima kweBrussels 22 August, 1567 uye akagadzwa gavhuna. Uye mazuva mashomanana gare gare iye akavamba "Council Ropa" kudzvinyirira manyepo uye kupandukira. Council ichi kushanda pamwe noutsinye austerity. Kunyange maviri anokosha uye vakakurumbira Vanokudzwa nyika, calculators, zvitsauko Flemish kwamachinda, Egmont uye Horn, akanga akasungwa achitongwa. vakanga vakazochinja vaurayiwa.

The itsva mutero hurongwa

Uyewo Kuuraya pasi vanopfuura chiuru chimwe varume vezvinzvimbo zvose, uye vazhinji vakatiza achitsvaka kuchengeteka zvikonzero. Vose mhosva, akaurayiwa June 5, 1568 panguva Town Hall Square mu kweBrussels. The Duke pamusoro Alba, iro rine simba hunhu haana chokwadi muna Flemish kururamisira. Vakariona somunhu tsitsi vaipomerwa. Naizvozvo, Fernando Alvarez vaifarira kuurayiwa kana vakawanda zvapupu.

Maintenance wamapoka mu Flanders kunotoreva chinokosha zveupfumi mari. Uye ropa Duke pamusoro Alba akasarudza yokusuma mutsva muchimiro mitero mune iri Benelux nyika, kunobva zvikurukuru pamusoro Spanish mutero ezvinhu pamwero gumi muzana pane mumwe kutapurirana zvinhu. Vakawanda mudunhu panguva iyoyo vakatenga nzira yake imwe-nguva muripo, akatanga nehanya panhau iyi, kuti kubudirira Benelux nyika simba rokutsunga.

Waiver kuti mitero, kana mupanduki chimurenga

Vamwe vagari vanoramba kubhadhara "chegumi" sezvo vaimudana mutero ichi, uye akatanga bope akakurumidza rakapararira Netherlands. zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Muchinda Orange, William Yakanyarara akataura Huguenots muFrance, saka kuti kutsigira zvakakodzera uye vakatanga kutsigira vapanduki. Iye, pamwe mauto kubva France Ndakatora yakawanda munzvimbo.

A kukombwa Haarlem kunoratidzwa chisimba zviito mativi. Iye kudzidza Kuregwa guta uye kurasikirwa zvuru zviviri vanhu. Nokuda refu rutsigiro rwemauto uye noutsinye udzvanyiriri vomuUmambo yakapanduka akapedza Duke pamusoro Alba, Netherlands richengetwe kwaari remadunhu- "Iron Duke".

mukurumbira wake rave kushandiswa mashoko pakati vapanduki uye kufambisira kukanganisa Anti-Spanish pfungwa. Fernando akaramba rakakurumbira Spanish mauto, izvo haana kuzeza chimwe miniti, vaigona zvakarurama zvokufungidzira ari kufara vanhu.

Dzokera kuna Spain, kana makore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Pasinei kunopfuurira ruvengo, mamiriro ezvinhu muNetherlands haisi nyasha Spain. Mushure dzakawanda udzvanyiriri, izvo kwemakore mashanu, vanenge zviuru zvishanu vaiurayiwa uye kugara zvichemo Philip II akasarudza kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu nokubvumira Fernando of Toledo, kudzokera Spain.

Duke nechikepe kubva Holland, achiri yakabvamburwa kumukira, December 18, 1573. On paakadzoka Spain, Fernando akawana pachake kubva nyasha namambo. Zvisinei, makore manomwe gare gare, Philip II akarayira nevaMedhiya Portugal kwaari.

Fernando Alvarez akaroora muna 1527 hama yake Maria Enrique of Toledo. Kubva muchato uyu akaramba venhaka zvina: Garcia, Fadrique Diego uye Beatriz. Panewo muvhidhiyo uchapupu, kuti mwana wake wokutanga akaberekwa kuroorwa, izvo akazvarwa kubva mwanasikana Miller.

The Duke pamusoro Alba, pikicha izvo, Chokwadi, vaduku aizivikanwa paavhareji munhu, asi zvinozivikanwa kuti chero kare akadzidza nhoroondo dzeupenyu vakakurumbira unhu, akafira Lisbon musi 11 December 1582. Fernando zvisaririra zvaiendeswa Alba of Tormes, akavigwa wemamongi San Leonardo.