Pereyaslavl kwavabati: nzvimbo, tsika, Pereyaslavl machinda, nhoroondo

Old Russian Pereyaslavl kwavabati rakaumbwa kunhivi muguta Pereyaslavl, wokutanga zvinokosha kutaurwa izvo inyaya gore 992, apo Prince Vladimir Mukuru makazviteya. Nhare yakavakwa sechikamu mupomerwi mutsetse, kudzivirira nyika kubva inowanzorimwa muArabhu, kutanga Pechenegs, ipapo Polovtsy. Hazvibetseri kwavabati yakabuda muna 1054, pashure pokufa Yaroslava Mudrogo, izvo zvakateverwa nguva enyika disintegration weRussia.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Pereyaslavskaya nyika yakanga iri mumudziyo Trubezh, Sula uye soups. Kuchamhembe-kumadokero kwakanga Kiev kwavabati. Kubva kumaodzanyemba nokumabvazuva Pereyaslavl pfuma takakombwa dzomusango inowanzorimwa, apo bhanditi mhirizhonga akamhanya. Kugara kwayo munhoroondo Pereyaslavl kwavabati inoshora muArabhu uye kakawanda taparadzwa.

chidzoke

Dzakananga Pereyaslavl kwavabati paradzanisa kubva Kiev mumwe yokutanga. Muna 1054 nayo vakaenda mwanakomana muduku Yaroslava Mudrogo Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Ipapo Pereyaslavl kwainzi wechitatu guta anokosha mushure Rus pamusoro Kiev uye Chernigov. Nokuda napedyo pakati ari Polovtsian inowanzorimwa paiva kukupfura simba. Muganhu wokumaodzanyemba hugota yakanga yakaita ukatakata boka ravarwi. Zviwanikwa zvematongo mumatongo anoratidza zvavo kuti nhare idzi vakabatwa, akapiswa, kuparadzwa uye vakavakazve.

First kunoparadza danidziro muna Pereyaslavl kwavabati Cumans atora muna 1061. Kusvikira iyoyo wavo chete makuhwa, uye Rurik vaiva muArabhu zvakakomba zvakakwana. Muna 1068 Polovtsian mauto vakasangana ane mubatanidzwa zvitatu navaranda pamusoro Yaroslav - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav uye Vsevolod. Hondo kwakaitika pamusoro Alta rwizi haana kure Pereyaslavl. Polovtsi akunda. Machinda akatizira Kiev, apo vagari vasingagutsikane passivity nezviremera vakapanduka.

mukurwisana

Muna 1073 Pereyaslav Prince Vsevolod kubva ake mukoma Svyatoslav Chernigov. Handina kubvumirana muzukuru wake Oleg With ichi chigadzikiso. The kunetsana kwakatungamirira kuhondo. Kunyange zvazvo machinda Pereyaslavl somunhu, vakawanda Polovtsy akarwa murenje, vaifanira kundorwa muArabhu uye panguva munyika nokurwa Russia. Vamwe Rurik (Oleg Svyatoslavovych) haana kuzeza kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva mhirizhonga.

Muna 1078, Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich akakunda muzukuru. Mushure kukunda kuti, aivawo mutongi Kiev, pandakasiya mwanakomana wake Rostislav Pereyaslavl uye Chernigov rakapiwa mumwe mwanakomana - Vladimir Monomakh. Mugari wenhaka kuchengetedza nhaka yababa vake zvakakodzera. Muna 1080 akaenda Pereyaslavschiny kudzvinyirira pokupanduka Torquay.

Ushe Monomakh

Rostislav Gromov akanga zvinosuruvarisa akaurayiwa 1093 muhondo kuzorwa Polovtsy kupinda Stugna rwizi. mukoma wake akatsiva Vladimir Pereyaslavl kwavabati. The nenzvimbo nzvimbo nhaka waida DC simba. Monomakh akapa Chernigov Oleg Svjatoslavovich, uye iye yakaomerera okudzivirira Pereyaslavl kubva inowanzorimwa mapoka.

Vladimir Gromov akava gamba nguva yake. Ndiye wokutanga pakati machinda Russian kwete chete akadzivirira kubva muArabhu, asi akaita nzendo kunyika yavo. Old Russian mamiriro kare aida mutungamiriri akadaro. Ndipo apo Monomakh asvika nhamba yaro political kukosha Pereyaslavl kwavabati. Nhoroondo makore iwayo rinoumbwa zhinji inopenya kukunda pamusoro Polovtsy. Muna 1103 Monomakh vakanyengetedza vamwe Rurik kubatana mauto uye kuenda navaranda kure inowanzorimwa. Hondo akaenda pamusoro Dnieper Mangondo vakakunda haana vamirira ranwa vezhi muArabhu.

Jaropolk V.

Sezvo simba kupfuura Muchinda Russia, muna 1113, Vladimir Monomakh akatora chigaro Kiev. Rakanga yokupedzisira nguva apo yekare Russian mamiriro akanga achiri zviratidzo rallying. Vladimir akapa Pereyaslavl mwanakomana wake Yaropolk. Muna 1116 iye baba vake vaiitawo pamushandirapamwe pamusoro Ming Prince Gleb Vseslavich. Jaropolk Drutsk akabatwa akaisa rutivi mairi guta rezasi rinosvika Zheldi Sula.

Mugore iroro mwanakomana Monomakh akaenda Polovtsy Don nharaunda, apo kurwisa akatora maguta matatu: Balin, Sharukan uye NPGs. In kubatana muchinda Pereyaslavl akaita mwanakomana mubati Chernigov Vsevolod Davidovich. Victory kwezvombo Russian vakaita basa ravo. Polovtsi vachiwedzerwa ndoga East necheSalvic zvemisoro. World kusvikira 1125, apo Vladimir Monomakh akafa muKiev.

Kurwira Pereyaslavl

Nhaka Vladimir muKiev aiva mwanakomana wake mukuru Mstislav Veliky. Akafa muna 1132. Jaropolk akatora nzvimbo yake mukoma. Pashure kutenderera urwu Pereyaslavl vakatanga nguva kuramba kuchinja vatongi. The guta rakava zvokuti Rostov-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky. Munguva yehondo akanga ndokudzingwa Pereyaslavl vanakomana vaviri Mstislava Velikogo (Vsevolod uye Izyaslav).

Muna 1134 Yaropolk Kievsky aiziva kodzero munin'ina wake kumaodzanyemba hugota Dolgoruky. Zvisinei, ichi mhinduro vaisagutsikana vamiririri Chernigov bazi Rurik. In mubatanidzwa pamwe Polovtsy machinda aya Pereyaslavskaya kunorira nyika. Vakatoedza vakamhanyira Kiev, ipapo Jaropolk akaenda kutaurirana. Pereyaslavl hwakatamisirwa mumwe munun'una wake Andrei Vladimirovich mhando, ipapo chaipo 1135-1141 biennium.

The mberi kutapwa hugota

In pakati pezana XII remakore, vasati pakupedzisira vakabatana Rus rwakakamukana zhinji zvemisoro. Vamwe nhaka vakava zvizere vasingatungamirirwi Kiev. Pereyaslavl zvaiva mhando zviduku ukuru, pasina chigaro chake hwedzinza, uye guta yakapoteredza nyika randomly achinja vatongi somugumisiro hondo uye nedzenyu mubatanidzwa.

Mukuru kutamburira nyika ino yakazokudziridzwa pakati Kiev, Rostov uye Chernigov nemagavhuna. Muna 1141-1149 gg. Pereyaslavl kutongwa mwanakomana uye muzukuru Mstislava Velikogo. Zvadaro kwavabati akapfuura kuvana Yuriya Dolgorukogo, uyo dzepedyo nehama mukuru dzinodzorwa Suzdal North-Eastern Russia.

Muna 1239 Pereyaslavl akanga ari munzira kuenda kuRussia nechisimba eMongolia. City (nevamwe vakawanda) akabatwa uye rakaparadzwa. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga asina kukwanisa uzonyatsotanga uye akava enyika muzinda. Pereyaslavl waibatanidzwa enzvimbo muchinda Kiev uye vakaguma kuridza yakazvimirira basa. Pakutanga ari XIV remakore, South Russia yakanga zvichienderana Lithuania. Pakupedzisira Pereyaslavl kwavabati akanga yakatora nayo muna 1363.

Culture uye chitendero

Old Russian Pereyaslavl kweutongi, tsika iyo ruzivo ichatonga zvine mbiri yayo XI-XII emakore., Zvayaiva pamusoro munharaunda East necheSalvic dzemadzinza kubatana glades, northerners uye Ulichi. matongo nzvimbo chokuita navo inowanikwa nembiya of Sula, Seym, Vorksly, Psel uye Seversky Donets. Kumboda vari kwevafi dzechihedheni hunhu (Barrows, makuva uye t. D.).

ChiKristu akasvika Pereyaslavl, uyewo mune mamwe maguta Russian pakupera X remakore pashure kubhabhatidzwa Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Pane unconfirmed dzidziso ndechokuti muguta rino raiva yakagara mabhishopi yokutanga bedzi Kiev haana akamuka Hagia Sophia.

tengeserana

Economic netsika kusimudzira Pereyaslavl weutungamiriri yakanga dzinovhurika nokuda napedyo kuti dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, iro Russia mhindu nawo kumabvazuva uye dzekuchamhembe. Chief pakati pavo paiva rwizi Dnieper tsinga dzaibatanidza vokumabvazuva Slavs pamwe Byzantium. Kuwedzera nzira "kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki" Munyu aivawo nzira iyo kutengeserana Muganhu Azov uye Sea Black. Pashure Pereyaslavschiny vatengesi yakasvika kure kumabvazuva Tmutarakani uye ubatanidzwewo Volga nharaunda.

Zviri mari kutengeserana kudzivirira kwave rimwe chikuru zvinhu kutarisirwa kuti kwokudzivirira machinda inowanzorimwa nyika. Zvokutakurisa uye zvikepe (kusanganisira Dnieper Rapids) kazhinji pasi yokurwiswa muArabhu uye makororo. Somugumisiro, enhare nhare namaguta dzakavakwa chete pamusoro dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. Pereyaslavl vatengesi Zvikepe zvaiva chikamu chikuru pamusoro Dnieper kuburikidza Trubezh. Pamuromo rwizi paiva bhizimusi paki. Munzvimbo yayo, vanochera matongo vakawana zvimedu Greek amphoras.

maguta

Maguta kupfuura weutungamiriri, kuwedzera kune Pereyaslavl, dzakavakwa Vladimirom Monomahom Oster muguta dzaifanoiswa zvokutengeserana nguva varwi, Bharuki, Ksnyatin, Lukoml, uyewo nhare pamusoro nzvimbo nhasi ugari Miklashevsky. Vazhinji vavo vaiva Posulskoy kuzvidzivirira mutsetse hamvuropu mutsika Sulu Dnieper. kwokushatirwa kwakaitika pashure nechisimba Batu.

The chikuru Kukwezva Pereyaslavl akanga Mikayeri Cathedral. Residence Prince yaiva Detinets. Pane vaigarawo vafundisi yakakwirira kweguta. Bishop chivanze akadzivirirwa rusvingo rwematombo, matongo ayo achiripo kusvikira nguva yedu. Kufanana nemamwe maguta Ages, vagari kunyanya vaigara tenements. Vanochera matongo vakawana pane nyaya zhinji zvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi. The guta zvave kashoma kuti nguva yaro, musangano nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi girazi.