Popular rootstocks nokuti apuro miti

Chii rootstocks kuti Apple, zvavanoita uye sei kukura kwavari? izvi zvose mibvunzo vanowanzotambura kumutswa pamwe kusvika kwematsutso. ngwariro zvakadaro nyaya iyi zvikuru mhosva, nekuti womuapuro wemichero kuti kudyara nhasi kuchawedzera uye michero mamwe emakore akawanda, uye goho akaisa izvozvi. Ndicho chikonzero nei tichida kukurukura zvose imwe kukamura uchishandisa nyaya dzakadai rootstocks kuti apuro miti. Pakutanga: vanokura kudanda hachisi, unogona kutenga nayo. Zvisinei, unofanira kuva yakavimbika nokutengesa kuti zvakaguma dzose dzakanaka. Asiwo, chete kukura rootstocks angava ari oga muviri, zvinobatsira chaizvo kuti bhajeti yenyu. Zvaiva vavakanga zvino kutengesa.

Chii chawo

Muna nhasi, zhinji dzakasiyana akasiyana apuro miti chete tichiyemura. Zvechokwadi, murimi ose ane muedzo mukuru kukura munharaunda yavo guru uye zvinozipa zvibereko. Zvichida kare munoziva kuti kuitira kuti vakure nemagariro muti, unofanira vatidzidzise zvakarurama zvinhu mugwaro, uye zviri munzvimbo ino uye pachava. Saka mugove tigovane (bukira kana itsvo) anogona anotaurwa so scion, uye chii baya, chawo. Pakutanga chete zvinoita sokuti huru batanidza zviri Duet ichi. Chawo nokuti apuro miti vari Zvinokoshawo chaizvo. Ndiyo hwaro, hwaro, iro inoenderana kugadzirwa uye fruiting. Kana ukasarudza isiri seedling rootstocks uye havagoni kumirira zvabuda.

Chii chingava rootstocks kuti apuro miti

Zvino yava nguva yokuti ataure kupatsanura, maererano iyo tigokuitira nyaya. Pane zvinhu zviviri zvikuru nzira kukura voga chawo. mbeu ichi kana vegetative. Musiyano mukuru? Muchiitiko chokutanga, zita anotaura pacharo. Seed unganidza - ndiwo mugumisiro mbeu yokudyara. Saka isu akasima pfupa, kana mbeu, apuro uye akagamuchira ichangotanga kumera kuti zvichaita mbeu mumatanda.

The nzira yechipiri - a clonal rootstocks. Ivo bereka nokuda layering kana kuchekwa, zviri saka kushandiswa zvikuru kakawanda kupfuura vamwe, nekuti kukura ndoda nguva unoparadza. clonal rootstocks All inogona mapoka mapoka maviri - sredneroslye zvipfupi. Kuti miti apple zvipfupi rootstocks kubudikidza sokuti chinonyanya kukwezva, asi zvinoda zvikuru inivhesitimendi. Kubva murimi anofanira michina uye anotsigira sangano kudiridzwa uye chipembenene masimba ose upenyu yomumunda. Saka, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti mafeni kusarudza svikiro kukura kana rootstocks makuru.

Kwakatangira clonal rootstocks

Chokwadi hakusi chishamiso yokugara okugadzira. Akazviratidza somugumisiro wacho maberekero emarudzi itsva uye rapera kubva kumbeu. Sei mune ramangwana Breeders vakasarudza kuchinja nzira dzavo kubereka? Chokwadi chokuti mizambiringa yakabva kumwe akura kubva mbeu vanogona pereopylilis nevamwe miti apuro uye vawane zvimwe zvitsva. Somuenzaniso, kutenga mukume ndichibvunza kukura. Asi cloning chendangariro miti kukura, izvo achaponesa simba uye zvinowedzera zvivako zviri vaya rawanikwa akakwana wemari. Clonal rootstocks ose apuro miti zvikuru kushandiswa anenge kwese, rose zvoupfumi vari kuita kuti vari dzabudapo greenhouses miti dzechiduku vegetative kupararira, uye ipapo kuvatengesera kuburikidza chitoro richikurukura unyanzvi muzvitoro.

Ndezvipi zvakasiyana-siyana vari akakodzera basa wemari

Ichi yoga nyaya kuti inoda kugadziriswa. Top apuro rootstocks - zviri vane mwero, akaomarara nemarudzi kuti kuchawedzera zvakaenzana zvakanaka kudzi- zvose. Saka, vakawanda mbeu vanotorwa Antonovka chakasviba. Uyewo akakodzera chinangwa ichi Kitaika kana anise. Kana vasiri, asi akabayira Grushovka Moscow kana Borovinka, ipapo ivo, zvakare, unogona zvakachengeteka. Sei navo? Nokuti kuzvicheka-kurimwa, havana kushandiswa, nekuti zvibereko kwazvo asingakwezvi. Zvisinei, miti aya akaomarara, undemanding uye husingakwanisi zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Unofungei, chii kana sezvo kudanda kutora seedling yakawedzera kubva mbeu kupisa-rudo, kumaodzanyemba mhando, uye zvichava usimwe chinokosha Russia? Zvechokwadi, munguva yechando yokutanga yaita chando, pamwe chete midzi. Saka sarudza chete mhando yomunharaunda kana regionalized, dzakashandisa chaizvo ezvinhu.

Kusiyana mbeu uye clonal rootstocks

Kukura apuro rootstocks chatichakurukura pazasi zvakawanda, asi nokuda ngatiendei chete kukurukura chii musiyano pakati rootstocks akura neimwe nzira. Yakawedzera kubva rootstocks mbeu dzine husingakwanisi chirwere uye okunze, asi miti sevabatanidzwa navo pashure kupinda zviitike. Kazhinji ndiwo makore 6-7 mushure pakudyara, uye zvibereko zvizere mushure kusvika makore 10-12. Asi munda uyu achafara makore 30-40 okuberekwa.

Sezvo ndiri iri havaratidzi akakodzera dondo Apple, nekuti ine mudzi gadziriro shoma mapazi kupfuura kurimwa mhando, asi nokuti nokuisazve miti yakadaro kushivirira zviipe. Unofanirawo kufunga migumisiro, kureva zvibereko, izvo zvinofanira kuuya muapuro. Seed wemari uye, naizvozvovo, miti wakasimwa pamusoro pavo, vane shoma goho anenge 15-20 matani por hectare. Izvi imhaka yokuti miti akure guru, uye chikamu korona dzisiri zvibereko, kunyange skeletal matavi uye poluskeletnye dzinodawo simba.

Vegetative kana clonal, rootstocks ose Apple miti - a godsend zvechokwadi vaya zvikure nemapindu makuru, apo goho vari kupfuura zvimwe zvose. Miti pamusoro pavo vane mwero kukura uye zvakare mangwanani chitarisiko. Varieties vegetative rootstocks mujenya, mumwe ane pachake zvachiri, saka zvino tichataura pamusoro mumwe nomumwe wavo voga.

zvipfupi rootstocks

Apple miti iri pfupi chawo vanokamurwa muzvikwata 5 maererano nesimba kukura. M8 - zviri kwazvo mangwanani chaizvo chitarisiko muchero uye zvipfupi rootstocks kuti apuro miti. Havasi kwose nokuti nyore kuti vane zvachero midzi. Vari zvakaneta yakanyura muvhu, kwete husingakwanisi kwemvura uye yakakwirira yaanoti hwevhu. Kana pasi nhema refu kwazvo, zvinokwanisika kuedza kukura mubindu. Apple mizambiringa yakabva kumwe pamusoro zvipfupi chawo kukura uye kupinda nechisimba mugore rechipiri, zvisinei, miti aya kashoma kushivirira kwemvura uye zvinoda uchizvichenjerera, sezvo mapazi pasina kuvimba nyore kuvhuna pasi kurema nemichero yezhezha muchando kubudikidza chando.

M27 - a superkarlikovy chawo, iro rinenge harimboshandiswi mumapindu uye musha minda. Wood zviri kuparara, somugumisiro, ichi zvinotungamirira kuti miti kazhinji kuputsa, uye varambe zvakaoma chaizvo. Miti iri chawo ichi vane korona dukuduku kuti haatauri vachida kumusoro-fruiting.

D-1071 - mumwe muenzaniso wakanaka, akarakasha kuna Donetsk Research Station. Ndiro mugumisiro kuyambuka M9 pamwe Anise vherevheti kugiredhi. A mwero kukura, fruiting mugore rechitatu, yakakwirira chaizvo goho, pane mubayiro kuzivikanwa Chikwata. Frost nemishonga iri dzinogutsa, inobvumira kwemvura.

Kuzivikanwa somutungamiriri minda Russian - M9

Most inowanzoshandiswa horticulture chawo M9 (Paradizka 9). mavambo Its hazvizivikanwi, asi zviri pedyo mhando, muchikura Georgia. Kunoenderana namarudzi mumatanda, izvo chinoita mukurumbira wayo. At kusonanidzwa mizambiringa yakabva kumwe panzvimbo kazhinji kuumbwa growths, asi izvi hazvirevi kupindira chakaipa apore. Apple miti iri pfupi chawo chiri mangwanani zvikuru nechitarisiko muchero, riri kunyanya kukosha kana munda wakasimwa zvebhizimisi zvinangwa. Negoho chaizvo, dzakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe zvipfupi rootstocks. Mukurumari miti - makore anenge 20. Pakazopera iyi, zvakakosha kuti tigadzirire pachine mizambiringa yakabva kumwe itsva, kwete kuti kusiyiwa pasina zvibereko. unganidza Iri kwemvura nemishonga, asi picky chaizvo pamusoro hwevhu. Tinonyanya vakawana pamusoro nevhu, zvikuru nembeu pamwe vermicompost. On chiedza, jecha kana rinorema nevhu nevhu regai kukura zvachose. On chawo ichi hunonyatsooneka akura sredneroslye apuro mhando. M9 ndiye husingakwanisi powdery nokuvhuvha panofunuka, asi kazhinji sei ne inda dzemuriwo nemakonzo. Apple chawo M9 ndicho kuti kurimwa nechepakati Russia, dzakashandisa okunze. Uye miti iri chawo ichi anowanzoita kunzwa kuSiberia, chete zvikuru kwazvo dzechando pane mukana oma.

Semi-pfupi rootstocks

Apple miti Semi-pfupi chawo akakodzera maberekero. Havana saka vachida nguva dzose achidiridzira uye chinokosha midziyo huni zvitsigiso. Kana chete rootstocks vakange akatunhidzwa M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, vakatanga kuti zvinowanzoshandiswa mapindu. Zvisinei, zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti rudzi izvi vane nhamba nekuipira, nekuti izvo uye vakarasikirwa mukurumbira wavo. Kutanga vane rooting akaipa, nehanya waterlogging, saka pamapani vari havaratidzi wakanyatsokodzera kuti kudyara. Uyezve, vanenge vose chimiro mudzi Matavi kuti vari kunyanya akasununguka nokuda murimi.

Zvisinei, mune Semi-pfupi womuapuro chawo - zviri nyore chaizvo, asi nokuti basa iri mirayiridzo iri mberi uye chikatsiviwa Uh-102. Nokuti ichi kworudzii vayambuka North Scout uye M1. Zvakaguma kudanda ine wakanaka kugarisana vemarudzi ose miti pairi mangwanani chitarisiko muchero uye zvibereko. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti midzi anotora yakawanda muchadenga, tsime riri mapazi, uye saka kutsigira muti haamanikidzwi. Frost mudzi kunoreva, kumira -10 inegumi. It inobvumira nzara nokuda zvakanaka dzakabudirira midzi. Asi mazhinji waterlogging uye moorland anogona kuparadza munda yemberi.

Average nokukwirira rootstocks

Kutaura zvazviri, musiyano pakati Semi-pfupi rootstocks uye srednerosloe dzakaonda chaizvo. Vose vari yakanakisisa sarudzo kuti mapindu. Fruit Chokwadi, kumirira kwechinguva chiduku, asi zvirimwa akadai nani dzakashandisa mamiriro Russian, zvakanaka kushivirira chando uye goho siyana. Clonal apuro rootstocks anobvumira kuwana yakawanda mizambiringa yakabva kumwe tinazvo akafanana ehupfumi kuti kunovimbisa ane optimum mugumisiro uri rangano.

MM-104 anobudiswa England kubudikidza kuyambuka akasiyana Northern M2 uye Scout. Nderake svikiro kukura uye kusvika simba uye nevhu dzakakwirira nembereko. apuro mizambiringa yakabva kumwe pamusoro kudanda mangwanani kupinda kubereka, asi zvibereko riri zvishoma kuvatumwa, Somuenzaniso, paavhareji MW 106. Frost, kukurira kutonhora kusvika -12 inegumi. M-111 dzakatangira England uye ari kuvimbisa kuti kumaodzanyemba mapazi rweUkraine. Alnarp (A2) - simba-kukura chawo, iyo yakatanga kufamba muna Sweden. Miti vanotanga zvibereko nemakore 3-4, mukuru goho. Frost kudzivisa - kusvika -14 inegumi. It inobvumira kuti napedyo Pasi Pevhu hakurevi kuumba mudzi mizambiringa yakabva kumwe. Sezvaunogona kuona, nomuapuri kwakaoma kunyange kunyora zvakasiyana siyana rootstocks, saka vazhinji vavo nhasi.

Average kureba Russian wemari Kusarudza

All emarudzi aya avhareji chando nemishonga uye kushanda regai kurarama mune ezvinhu kweSiberia. Zvisinei, kurima apuro rootstocks - ichi aizobudirira chaizvo basa iri vanofarira uye Russian Breeders. Somugumisiro, rakaisvonaka svikiro kukura kudanda, riri rakanakira ezvinhu Russian kwakatangwa. It inowirirana zvakanaka vanozivikanwa zvikuru mhando, zvakakwana drought- uye chando nemishonga, kureva rinogona kushandiswa mubindu rako zano. Pashure anenge matatu, iwe uchava zvibereko womuapuro muti. Chawo 118 zvakakwana ngadzirambe dziri ivhu uye haatarisiri okuwedzera rutsigiro. The mudzi mabukira, vashoma kwazvo, iro zvikuru nyore yokuzvigadzirisa. Zvinoda kugara kuchekerera pasi-kuchengeta muti mukati makubhiti matatu pakukwirira. Miti iri chawo ichi nokukurumidza midzi, nokukurumidza uye zvakakwana fructify kukura.

kukura mumatanda

Kana ukasarudza kuita izvozvo pachako, unofanira kugadzirira pachine mbeu. Maapuro anofanira kubviswa muti, apo mbeu achava shava. Izvi zvinowanzoda chinoitika zvibereko pamberi ripen zvachose. Zvibereko zvinokosha kupwanya uye kusuka mvura yakawanda. mbeu Ripe vanoramba nechepasi. Zvino mafaro chikamu: mbeu vanofanira stratified, kuti pasi pasi tembiricha asi munhu munyoro kupfuura kana uine navo wakasimwa zvakananga pasi pamberi chando.

Nokuti apuro miti zvinoda mazuva 90 stratification. Kuti aite izvi, soka mbeu kuti zuva nemvura, uye ipapo hwakakanyiwa jecha kana peat uye yakachena pasi pasherefu pakati mufiriji. Kugara padanho mwando, uyewo kupfutidza kuti tibu- mapindiro reokisijeni. Mbeu kana vanozviona kuti pavanotanga kuputsa eggshell. Kana zvakarurama nokuenzanisa nguva, inofanira kuva pakati-April - mangwanani May, apo vanogona kudyarwa zvakananga muvhu. Pano vachifanira zhizha wavo wokutanga uye vanopedza chando zvakachengeteka. Gore rakatevera, uchange wagadzirira mizambiringa yakabva kumwe, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa senzvimbo chawo. Tsananguro womuapuro rootstocks, isu takasiya chete zvisakakwana, asi unogona kureva bhuku ruzivo, kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro mhando kwaunogara.

Kukura clonal rootstocks

Pano, zvose zviri nyore zvikuru. Unofanira chete kutenga makagadzirira akagadzirwa wemari uye akacheka pamusoro wayo. Planting womuapuro chawo yaifanira ari mai rinodhaka, uko akapedza makore 10 vachakupai pezvakaitwa itsva. Rakanga riri yakadaro nguva zvinokosha kuti bhuku pachine nzvimbo iyi. Nokuti doro hazvina kufadza rinorema, ivhu ivhu, jecha asi nekusiyana, vachava yakanaka chisarudzo, asi chete pasi mamiriro kugara achidiridzira. Cherechedza kuti pamwe ndiri imi kunhonga kubva pasi guru mari zvinovaka muviri, saka kuti nyika iri mai doro iri kukurumidza kwazvo aneta. Naizvozvo nguva kuti fetiraiza, sawdust uye mashanga, yaora mupfudze. Pano, mumwe anotanga nharo kuti sawdust acidifying ivhu, asi womuapuro muti zvakanaka akashivirira ezvinhu akadaro.

mumatanda Vangani unofanira uzvionere kwakavakirwa zvaunoda. Kana uchida hombe rinodhaka, daro pakati pemitsara kuchengeta anenge 150 cm. Haungararami vanokura muti, uye gwenzi. Asati pakudyara, kuchera paburi diki anenge 8 cm uye kabhoni vatema mairi kurudyi nechokure chawo. Pakarepo mushure pakudyara, akagura pane imwe nekukwirira masendimita 30 rokutanga gore basa miti -. Zvakanaka midzi, saka hapana chimwezve evanhu kunodiwa. Early muchirimo rakatevera gore, akagura chigutsa kukwirira 5-7 masendimita kubva pasi revarombo. Replacement etsvo dzinotanga kukura inomera, uye pamunongopinda vanosvika kukwirira masendimita 15, vanofanira kusasa pasi. Tiine kukura zvinodiwa kusvikira doro nokuti dzinenge mumwe kaviri. Iva nechokwadi kuti inyorovese ivhu pamberi payo kana chikomo mushure mvura. In Mumatsutso unogona kutora cheka uye akagadzirira ndivaitire voga. Pashure paizvozvo unofanira nekuzadzisa pachena chikamu doro muvhu. Muchirimo hazvina zvakakodzera kunonoka pakuvhurwa mumakwenzi vari kupunzika rakasaswa, kwete kuti yokunonotsa kuda kuputika wotungira. Saka, bindu renyu unogona kugara kusvitsa husingakuvadzi vakasununguka mashoko kurima yepamusoro maapuro. Kana uine nzvimbo guru, chidzidzo ichi chingava kutanga nemabhizimisi.

To muchidimbu

Orchard - hazvisi chete kushongedzwa yechokwadi Suburban nzvimbo yenyu, asiwo tsime maapuro, apo unogona Stock nokuda chando, uyewo yakanaka imwe mari. First sarudza kirasi kuti uchida kukura munharaunda. Tsvaka chii zvinhu zvinodiwa muupenyu kukura uye fruiting. Pakupedzisira, tsvaka mubereki muti, zvamakange kutora mashoko kusonanidzwa. Zvino unogona kutanga kutsvaka mumatanda. Chokwadi, vanofanira kubatanidzwa pamwe nemumwe. Kukura kubva mbeu chawo - unotambudza uye refu, nani kutenga nedzinde yakakodzera uye achiisa doro. Gore rakatevera, iwe uchava vaduku mizambiringa yakabva kumwe, takagadzirira kubaya. Cherechedza kuti Muchengete vanofanira Zvakanakisa dzinoenderana okunze zviri mudunhu renyu, zvimwe muti vymerznet.

Usarerutsa ruzivo uye midzi yawo. Fibrous, riri pamusoro pemvura kunoratidza kuti chirimwa riri undersized, izvozvo havazopukunyuki kwemvura uye vanofanira kutsigirwa. Plants pamwe zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira makirisito hurongwa Kusiyana neizvi, zvausingafaniri munzvimbo dzanyorova, mumupata pamwe kudzika pasi.