Raigona inogarwa nyika

Inogarwa nyika akafanana Earth - nayo Rakazonaka? Vaongorori vanoti avo vari muchadenga kunowanzoitika. Inenge kumativi zuva-senyeredzi mumwe kubva vashanu, zvikurukuru, akacherechedza ne "Kepler" (NASA) muchadenga Satellite, akacherechedza mhenyu nzvimbo - hunganzi yepasi pose ndima, nyika iyo mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu aigona kushandurwa inogarwa. The tembiricha panyika rinozadzisa nezvokuvapo mvura mvura chokutambudzika (i.e., usingatangi kubika, uye rikasauya kupinda chando).

Pakati kupenya nyeredzi placers

Yakapoteredza nyika yakakodzera kuti upenyu, zvichida kupfuura huchikwezva. Star, izvo isu "choda kusvikika" (pashure Alpha Centauri) riri chinhambwe 12 makore chiedza kubva Earth. It rinovheneka exoplanet Vangararai Ceti. Nokuti mashoko: 1 gore chiedza - ndiyo 12 months Earth karenda. In mashoko daro - mamiriyoni 9,46 mamiriyoni makiromita. Maererano waifarirwa mitemo - hapana inokosha.

Nokuti earthlings chinhu naka kure. Vane asi kusangana pachake nevamiririri "kure kunze". Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vaitarira nyeredzi kwezviuru zvemakore pamusara. Uye zvimwe akafunga: "Pane munhu pakati vakapfeka placers nzvimbo ino akafanana munyika yangu?"

Muna 1995, kokutanga akawana nyika yakakodzera upenyu. vaverengi vazhinji rake zita haisi vanoshamwaridzana: PSR B1257 + 12 B, nyeredzi wegamma Akai. Pashure kuwanikwa kujairika wekunge yakava nokukurumidza kukasawedzerwa. Kare, club mapuraneti, penyanzvi waisimbisa TOUR velocity (the fungidziro pamusoro velocity kwenyeredzi pamutsetse nokuona).

Climate Change

Gare gare, achibatsirwa namano, akadai teresikopu, "Kepler", kuitwa adzidze zvakasiyana nokupenya mapuraneti orbiting mu nyeredzi dzavo ( "dzaifanoiswa"). Akadzokorora zvakawanika vane Vatsvakurudzi nechokwadi: ichi ndiwo here mitumbi yokudenga, asi haana chikuru uye kuchitonhora makwapa matema.

mapuraneti New yakanakira upenyu, akatanga kutsvaka kuti muchadenga kunoongorora akashandisa Statistical kuongorora nzira. Akanga achibata yakakura kushanda mashoko. At musangano panguva NASA akati kuti tichibatsirwa Satellite "Kepler" yakawanikwa mazana dzinogona inogarwa zvinhu. Uye ichi hachisi muganhu!

Edza kufunga kana kuti vaongorori ano vakawana exoplanets ndihwo upenyu, kana ivo chete pamwe kundosangana zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti habitability. Tinoda chakakomba kuongorora. Ita izvozvo nyore: madaro akakura zvikuru uye vari mhiri nezvaanogona nesayenzi yemazuva uye ano.

Hapana upenyu pasina mvura

Nokuti murume anotsvaka nyika akakodzera upenyu? Kubva kuziva? Kwete Okunze yedu yakasiyana, azere upenyu, kuchinja bhora. Vanhu wakatambudza kupisa, kutonhora, mafashamo, madutu guruva. izvi zvose zvinogona kuguma zvakaipa. chivimbo chedu pamusoro chikamu livability ndiye Earth mumwe chete hakusi chete mufaro, asi uyewo kunetseka.

Political, zvemari, munhu, zvikonzero kwesayenzi tive zvoutachiona mhando, anofarira zvikuru muna habitability, nemapuraneti akawanda. mapuraneti New akakodzera upenyu kuchabatsira kunzwisisa zvinoitwa okunze paNyika, kuona mikana yokupona mune ramangwana okunze. Pakusarudza zvokuita kuti vamise Kuipa mamiriro ekunze, kuti uzive chikonzero zvakadaro simba kuvimba kabhoni.

Saka, mapuraneti achapa vanhu mukana kuwana Cleaner simba manyuko, kumisa okunze zvinoshatisa kuti vawane pfuma zvemari uye nyaradzo. Zvichida ichi zvinoda itsva Hardware chikuva kuti ichatitendera kuenda zvakadaro rurefu.

Venus kupisa

Vanhu vakawanda vanoda kufungidzira chii manzwiro avo vari kwakafukidza kana rokusangana extraterrestrial venyama, kana vanosvika dzomuchadenga akakodzera upenyu. Naizvozvo ivo vanofarira chaizvo munzvimbo inogarwa munharaunda (anonziwo "Zlatovlaska"), apo pane zvomuchadenga muviri ane mwero avhareji pamusoro tembiricha. Izvi zvinobvumira mvura kuva pakati mafuta uye rakasimba ezvinhu (chete ipapo vanogona "kubika Porridge upenyu").

A nyika yakakodzera kuti upenyu, masayendisiti ari kutsvaka refu uye anoramba achiedza. Hongu, vanhu anotarisira kuwana extraterrestrial mvura reserves, kuzvishandisa zvinangwa dzinobatsira. Zvisinei, H ₂ O - rinenge chikuru chinoratidza nokuvapo womutorwa upenyu emapoka siyana uye wezvose zvakasikwa. Paaigara ikoko kwakaoma kupfuura Earth.

Kune miviri yokudenga, apo kupisa seSheori. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, pave uwandu rehydrogen uye okisijeni. The okisijeni rinobatanidza pamwe kabhoni kuumbika carbon dioxide inobvisa uye rehydrogen riri ipapo rinongoreva chinonzvenga muchadenga. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika Venus.

Umambo Snow Queen

Pane mapuraneti apo zvimwe achizorora Snow Queen. Pane nguva Mvura inotonhora vane zvakawanda rollers. Pasi chando butiro anogona vanovanda madhamu kwakadzika nemvura fluid asi zvichiri isingagariki ndima. muenzaniso iyi pasika Kings inotonhora Mars, Jupiter, Saturn.

kana usanganidzo yavo bvumidzwa nyika yakakodzera kuti vanhu vararame? Kwete, pano inogarwa nharaunda iri dzemakwiringwindi kuyerwa: The nzvimbo hunonzi anogona "nokusasa chinozunguzirwa". Zvinosuruvarisa, kwete zvose kugadzirisa norudaviro kungoenzanisa kuti chinhambwe kusvikira nyeredzi "numerator" uye rakapa kwazvo simba "iri dhinomineta." Zvikuru ndiye pamberi nyika muchadenga.

Kutaura zvazviri, Venus uye Mars "kurarama" edu renzou. Asi Venusian gobvu ezvinhu nomuti carbon dioxide, izvo otora simba kubva zuva uye inobereka ive rwakashata mugumisiro incandescent chamatare anokwanisa kuparadza zvose upenyu. A Mars?

Rink Mars

Kusiyana inopisa chiratidzo chorudo, pamusoro chiratidzo echinonzi murume chadenga zvehondo zvakadaro mutete, hazvina kubata kupisa, saka iye - a frighteningly chando "bun". Kana zvakapesana Earth muchadenga (ndinoiitawo kuvapo makomo zvicherwa) - vaigona kuva nyika, zvakakodzera kuti kukura uye ndichengetedze upenyu.

Kana antipodes "kugoveranwa zvizhinji" aigona vasanyanya kupisa uye zvinonyauka aizi ... Uye ndinoda makatsauka nyika yakakodzera kuti upenyu. Zvisinei, izvi ndizvo chete fantazii.Rassuzhdaya nezvomukana pamberi dzimwe nyika vari hweGwara Way, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti kuvapo kwavo inogarwa mapazi asingadi kuchinja nyaya, kana chimiro uye Kuronga atmospheres Mapuraneti vari zvisingafadzi..

Vose dzitendererane nyeredzi, iyo vanonzi "dwarfs matsvuku". Kunyange kana isu kufungidzira kuti mitumbi yokudenga ndivo yakanakira upenyu hwevanhu, kwete zvokutadza unokurudzira kupedza mazuva avo takapoteredzwa zvinhu zviri ropa mavara. Asi chikuru chinhu; majaya dwarfs vari chaizvo kushingaira. Zvaitika hombe rezuva hadzitani uye in coronal vakawanda ejections.

vanoshingaira Lilliputians

Izvi ndezvechokwadi tigume upenyu nemapuraneti zvose, akazviratidza pedyo, kunyange kana vari varipo, mvura. The rinobva minda "mupopoti suns" vane simba zvokuti vanokwanisa kupwanya zvose "vavakidzani". Asi pashure mashomanana mamiriyoni zana makore kumusoro basa, tsvuku dwarfs vagadzikane, uye ipapo akatambanudza mafuta rinopiwa ake rehydrogen nokuti anenge dzakazadza makore.

Kana upenyu kuchapedza mukutanga mumatanho okukura, zvichataurirana zvose mikana kuti kwenguva refu nokuvapo pedyo wakadzikama pasi "Lilliputians". Uye pasi idzva yakakodzera upenyu hwevanhu (mufananidzo pazasi) achange gracing Vselennuyu.Takim, kundotsvaka musha mutsva pakati penyeredzi, kana upenyu zvakasikwa, tinoziva kuti inogarwa mapazi - chete ine mutungamiriri.

Field nhau yacho chitundumusere-musere, "Kepler" - nyeredzi 150,000. Most zvakanga inopenya kuona navo. Asi mushandi ari California Technical Institute Petigura nevamwe vake vakakwanisa kuongorora 42,000 nyeredzi "hushed" uye vakagumisa: kwenhamba musarudzo pamusoro habitability iri nyika inogona zvachinja 603.

Tsvakai uye kuwana

mapuraneti vane inosiyana. Gumi vacho vari nharaunda anosvika maviri nguva yakakura kupfuura Earth. Anoenderana zvinodiwa nharaunda, vatsvakurudzi akashandisa Keck teresikopu, kuisa muHawaii. Masvomhu kunzwisisa dzakaitwa, akasuma okugadzirisa yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita.

Pakupedzisira zvikazooneka kuti inenge 22 muzana zuva-senyeredzi vane yemapuraneti satellites, akafanana ukuru Earth, ivo zvinogona akakodzera upenyu. Heano mamwe exoplanets.

Ini ataurwa pakutanga China E Vangararai yakawanikwa 2012. Iri renyeredzi Cetus. It anonzi ane unconfirmed kukwikwidza kuti aigarira nzvimbo zvinhu. Nguva chimurenga ane nyika dzakapoteredza nyeredzi (sidereal nguva) 168 Pasi mazuva. The muchadenga riri pedo nzvimbo inogarwa. The pose tembiricha kuti paavhareji 70 Celsius (Nyika - 15).

Izvi "bidder", riri chinhambwe chemamaira 473 chiedza makore kubva Earth uye anonzi Kepler 438b mu renyeredzi Lyra. Rinoreva nyeredzi Kepler 438, inova 4, vakuru kwezuva bhiriyoni 4 makore. Mufashoni dzvuku zvipfupi rikasabuda zvakare zvakajeka, saka kunyatsoongorora zvinhu hakusi nyore.

Gliese zvimwe

Nyika yakakodzera upenyu kunosanganisira unconfirmed "Madame" Gliese 667S E. It chawo paunotenderera nyeredzi iri renyeredzi pamusoro Scorpio - ndiko kwegadziriro tsvuku uye vaviri Orange zvipfupi. Age "akatendeseka kambani" - kubva anogona dzinosiyana 2 kusvika 10 bhiriyoni makore. Zviri 22 makore chiedza kubva Earth. Year - 62 mazuva (Earth mazuva).

Kepler186f "anocheka ellipses" pedyo tsvuku zvipfupi nyeredzi renyeredzi Cygnus, izvo 561 chiedza gore. nyeredzi yake haisi kuti guru uye inopisa sezuva. Year - 131 Earth mazuva.

Kapteyn mu "Kukosa" nyeredzi iri renyeredzi Pictor. Zviri yakakura kupfuura Sun - a guru 0.28 kakapetwa nharaunda - 0.29. Dwarf anenge mabhiriyoni 8 makore asati 13 chiedza-makore. Kapteyn - unproven exoplanet, zuva huchavapo 48 Earth mazuva. Nharaunda isina afunga, kashanu kunorema kupfuura Earth.

Tiri kumirira nyika kure!

Wolf 1061S rinoreva echokuvhenekesa weboka renyeredzi Ophiuchus. It rotates synchronously waro nyeredzi. Naizvozvo, rimwe divi nguva dzose inopisa, mumwe chando. Pamberi pake, 14 chiedza-makore. Zvichida chinhu matombo nyika. The pemvura tembiricha yakakodzera kuvapo mvura. Simba regiravhiti (giravhiti) pamusoro Pasi kupetwa nekaviri.

Izvi hazvisi mazita yose vaizotibata Puzzles! Saka "! Us zvose zvizhinji, uye isu vanamajasi" Ndizvo kuratidza zvinondiomera, asi pachake kuwana - zvakatonyanya kudaro. Asi tinoziva kuti nyika yakakodzera kuti upenyu hwevanhu, hapana!