Russian chechi emapuranga. Kizhi: Zvivako emapuranga mapurani Russia

MuRussia, kuvakwa huni vagara nyaya yacho vanhuwo, uye munzvimbo nyika yakatanga dominion dondo, ezvivako zvekare hwapedza Zvinoshamisa zvechokwadi miti unyanzvi ichi. Achiripo dzakawanda uchapupu tarenda ravo chinoshamisa: chakanaka, rinobvumirana mamiriro, anotaurwa wakavezwa details, neshinda - uye chaizvoizvo vakashanda kunyanya vavezi demo, hazvina kuitirwa kuti kusika nemasango resi, izvo kazhinji yakashongedzwa zvivako zvemapango zvekare.

Beach zvivakwa emapuranga

To dzakararama kwete mienzaniso zvose Ages mapurani. A kuwanda emapuranga machechi akafa moto - moto unopedza maguta ose, anorura chinhu. yaMakoronike Ancient taura zvivako akavaka kana kuparadzwa chikuru chaiko kune I remakore AD. Pashure pokuongorora zvinyorwa, tinodzidza kuti muna 1183 vakapisa zvinenge zvose Vladimir (uye kusanganisira 32 machechi). In 1369th zvinoitirwa zvakawira muPskov, muna 1636-M - Monastery huru.

Zvisinei, dambudziko emapuranga hurongwa ndiyo chinhu huni, nenhumbi dzayo zvakanaka kwete chete - kwekanguva zvinhu. Kabhini anogona kumira pamusoro rimwe remakore, dzeboka (nokungwarira zvakakodzera) - 3-4.

rinooma nhaka

Pane zvivako zvitatu chete kuti dzakavakwa zvakawanda XIII-XIV remakore (uye kunyange ipapo kwete vatsvakurudzi zvose vanovimbiswa). Saka, nguva kusvikira XVI remakore, yakatanga kutemberi Mutsvene Kumutswa kwaRazaro - duku, vakavaka chechi yematanda yekare Murom wemamongi. Kizhi Reserve odoimennom pachitsuwa, muna 1960 zvakava yokupedzisira utiziro. Nyatsoongorora yakadzorerwa pasi chirongwa mapurani Opolovnikova, ndiko chikamu miziyamu zvekutepfenyura eksopozitsii Russian Zaonezhye.

vamwe vaviri Riznolozhenskaya uye George ukuwo vanozvikudza Cyril Belozero chechechi uye Leningrad nharaunda.

Ruzhinji hwakawanda huripo Zvivako emapuranga mapurani haana kwokutanga XVIII remakore, kanenge - XVI- XVII.

Kana nyika yesayenzi aifarira kuti mapurani mhando iyi, vakawanda ivhu ake vakanga rarasika. Afterthought, vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti zvinokosha kutanga kugadzira chii vasara. "Kunyange zvazvo zvakakodzera chete kuchovha, mufananidzo, gadzira ... izvi inonyangarika ose gore zvinhu risingaenzaniswi," - akanyora 20-ies yaiva yakakurumbira uri mutsoropodzi, yokudhirowa uye mudzidzisi, academician I. Grabar. Uye takaenda uye mifananidzo, sketched uye kuita kuedza kuramba funneling chaizvoizvo bofu ziso runako, uye chinhu akaponeswa, asi chinhu - nokudzosazve vakasara magwaro.

Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu uye hurumende vakaziva sei inokosha mapurani Monument iri chechi yemapuranga Russian. Kizhi (mumwe zvitsuwa kweLake Onega) kwairatidza kuziva ichi, ikava isina-mhepo Museum-chengetedza. Nhasi iye anoratidza vaenzi ayo zvinoshamisa zvishamiso vakasikwa vanatenzi kare.

Northern runako

Zvivako kunyanya zvakanaka womuti North kweRussia - pano ezvivako akaratidza izvozvo zvinoshamisa tarenda, okugadzira zvinhu uye pfungwa runako kuti vafambi chete wakashamisika. Kakawanda uye nechido taitaura Kizhi, inova kutanga remakore rechimakumi maviri akava nomukurumbira kuti kunyange Emperor Nicholas II akatenga mufananidzo pamwe mufananidzo wake ( "ari kure kuchamhembe", yokudhirowa - Shlutleyt).

Okunze munzvimbo idzi yaisazoraramika. Summer ipfupi, chando chena chando. In kutonhora mwaka, kunze neherikoputa, asingagoni kusvikwa: Kizhi - chitsuwa shure, asi kana iye? Pedyo zvimedu Sushi vanoratidza zvakafanana unopinza hunhu: kwegore risingapindiki mumatenhere, nzizi yakadzika. Pasinei neizvi, vanhu vagara nguva refu pano, zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura. Zita chitsuwa rinobva Karelian "kizhat" (mu mushanduro - "kufara"). Vanotsvakurudza vanobatanidza nzvimbo ino nemitambo yekare yechihedheni kuti kwakaitika pano munguva yakapfuura nguva.

chengetedza

Mukutanga 60-ies wekupedzisira remakore musi Kizhi Island (yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia) akatanga kubuda Reserve, wakasvinudza muna 1966. Kubvira machechi yematanda pamusoro Kizhi chitsuwa vakatanga kuwanda; zvivakwa akasiyana kumativi yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia SVEZA pano vazhinji akachengetedzwa emapuranga.

The pedyo muguta - Petrozavodsk (68 km), asi unogona kuwana uye kubva St. Petersburg, muchikepe hwomutambarakede ano (sezvo Kizhi - pachitsuwa, unogona kusvika nayo chete nemvura).

The nyore Marina anogamuchira vanoshuva kubatana yakaisvonaka. Rinopa inoshamisa maonero: vafambi pakubwinya kwayo zvose pamberi rinowanika Chitarisiko chechi - zvichida kupfuura yakakurumbira zvifananidzo kunhivi pano zhinji chechi emapuranga. Kizhi muchizvikudza vachiita Mahombekombe ayo kuvarwisa yakajeka chivakwa denga kuti fascinates vafambi rakasiyana runako rwayo.

Legends uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva pachitsuwa chacho

Maererano nerimwe ngano, muvezi kwakajeka ainzi Nestor akatema wake nesanhu, iyo pashure kuvakwa dzakazvikanda kure mugungwa, zvekuti kwakange kusina munhu waigona kudzokorora basa rake. No nzira, mudziyo uyu mashiripiti - wooden Murongerwo Zvinoshamisa zvakanaka.

Mutsindo basa Russian yekare mapurani, Church of Chitarisiko muna Kizhi yakavakwa muna 1714. Nhasi ndizvo inoshamisa noumhizha ndohwavo zvinokosha Zvivako kwete chete kuRussia, UNESCO akaziva mapurani Ensemble pamusoro Kizhi World Heritage.

Rokuvakazve zvivako yaitwa nguva dzose. Sezvo nheyo chechi haina anongoda hapana (vamwe akafanana ake unoburuswa chete nomumwe kukona kuvaka), mukufamba rokugadzira basa naro chete napo zvinyoronyoro kusimudzwa nokubatsira yazvino.

Kereke inozivikanwa kwazvo pachitsuwa

Building anotarira chikuru 37-mita mukuru Church Chitarisiko muna Kizhi mukuru uye nokudada zvinomutsa rising kwayo, izvo, achipenya sirivha, akapindira kukwira kudenga. Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, vakanga yakashongedzwa simbi, asi gare gare restorers vakadzoka yepakutanga netemberi. Mapadza (emapuranga ndiro, yematanda rising kuti chikwereti chacho inofadza "scaly" chitarisiko apfuura) akanga Sezvaitarisirwa, kubva Aspen (huni kwayo achifuridzirwa mhepo, zuva uye mvura anova rakasiyana silvery sokupenya).

Kuchinja Church mu Kizhi rinoreva zvakasiyana-siyana Tiered octagonal machechi - nhema pamwoyo kuvakwa octagonal cherogi cabins dzinofunga mumwe. Muchiitiko chino, vari vaisanganisa mana prirub dzakatarira kuna North, South, East uye West. Vanhu vazhinji vanokanganisa vanoti chinozivikanwa zvikuru kereke (Kizhi) yakavakwa pasina nezvipikiri. Izvi ndezvechokwadi chete nerogi, tsika vavezi iyoyo. Asi zvipikiri (Zvechokwadi, kwete simbi) rakashandiswa kusika rising, kubva hazvina kurasikirwa.

Construction akamanikidzwa kubva mheni wavanozvisunga akatora vakamira nzvimbo imwe chechi emapuranga kare - Kizhi haana kudzivisa rakajairika ngozi nguva dzose kutyisidzira kare hurongwa. A nhungamiri iyi kunoshamisa kuvaka aiva mutemberi Holy Mhandara muna Vologda nharaunda: kucherechedzwa chaizvo kupindana domes (kereke, zvinosuruvarisa haana rakapona nanhasi - somugumisiro mhosva, nemanzvengero kuregeredza naiyewo yakaparadzwa nomoto, asi kare muna 1963).

Intercession chechi uye bhero shongwe

Pakazosvika pachechi Ensemble zvinoshanda Intercession Church: Kizhi, Sezvambotaurwa, muenzaniso imwe tsika yechitendero kuvakwa kare. yechando ichi (nenharo), temberi yakavakwa (maererano mamwe manyuko, izvozvo akadzorera) muna 1764, kutsiva chakasakara chivako chakasakara.

Zviri maduku uye kupfuura mwero muvakidzani wayo kwazvo: 10 metres pazasi uye anotakura vanosvika vapfumbamwe domes - remasangano zvose, pakati, takapoteredzwa masere maduku ndivo.

Zvavovo zvakafanana zvitarisiko chaizvo nevakawanda pakati Zvivako emapuranga architecture North Russia, asi Chechi Intercession of Ensemble pakati Kizhi zvakanaka elongated, naka pemitsara. Church siluetti zvishoma asymmetric uye yepakutanga rising, akatasva yemapuranga Zimbabwe Educational, kupa yose kuvaka mashiripiti nenyama, vakagona kukunda mwoyo. Zvechokwadi kwazvo Kizhi - chitsuwa apo runako handivo chete, asiwo-chinja.

Chimwe chinhu murwiyo ane tende (sezvinoita denga) bhero shongwe. Hwakawanda huripo kuvaka yakavakwa muna 1863 panzvimbo chakasakara zvivako chinangwa chete. Gare gare, akanga pasi alterations mukufamba iyo yachinja aro okumusoro chikamu, uyewo vamwe decoration okunze.

Zvivako All matatu mumazuva ekare akanga akapoteredzwa artfully akaita noruzhowa, izvo nhasi haana hwaponeswa. Iye akatangazve naye zvikuru gare gare, kuvimba yomunharaunda tsika rokuveza.

inoshamisa chitsuwa

Kizhi pachechi, Chokwadi, pakati pashoo Zvisinei, pachitsuwa unogona kuona zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvakagadzirwa (pakati 89 zvinhu). Yazvo nzira, mumwe yemapuranga chechi yakanaka. Kizhi - nzvimbo yakanakisisa apo unogona kuona izvi. Mukuru wavo, anotaurwa kumusoro, yomusi kudzokera XIV remakore uye ari inofadza pakuvaka nyore, husina zvinhu zvakawanda zvitarisiko. Achashongedza tembere iri chete ainge akamonererwa (uye kana haana zvokufungidzira kuti chitendero chivakwa ichi, zvingava matambudziko). Kuwedzera machechi, ari miziyamu makamuri akawanda, rakagumbatirwa picturesque munzvimbo saka, sezvo kana ivo akura kubva pasi pano.

Human unyanzvi uye hunhu

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Russian yemapuranga chechi yekare nguva dzose chaizvo Nyatsobatanidzwai munzvimbo dzakapoteredza nzvimbo. Vanoti kuti mhizha omunharaunda vave ndaviga mutungamiriri chiito, izvo akarayira kuvaka nenzira yakadai se "mwero nokunaka uye tavimbisa." Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vakabudirira zvakakwana. Zvivako shongwe uye yakashongedzwa zvikuru nyore nematurusi kubata chaivo zvakaoma simba.

Zvechokwadi inokosha kushanya. Zvose runako nzvimbo uyu usingagoni kupfuura kunyange yepamusoro mapikicha. Kizhi Machechi emapuranga vasina akakurumbira munyika yose, ndezvaJehovha kumakona Russia, izvo zvinokosha kuona nameso angu. Vanodzungaira pasi zvisaririra kuchamhembe denga, vanonakidzwa kubwinya zvakasikwa, vanonzwa mweya dzekare, iyo wakafukidza chitsuwa uye mvura Lake Onega. Rwendo urwu hazvisi kunakidza chete - nayo Anopfumisa zvokunamata. Vravdu pano uye unogona kunzwa rwiyo "hubbub pakati Ages" uye kubata shasha ari kusazivikanwa Artists vakakwanisa kusika unoshamisa runako, kuvanza, uye kureva hunhu.