Russian-Japanese hondo, Lyaoyanskoe rokurwa vechikamu, migumisiro

hondo 1904-1905 Russian-Japanese akanga chisingadzivisiki, nekuti pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19, Akakurumidza kuchinja geopolitical zvido Russian Empire. Nepo States makuru enyika vasati vadzidza sei kukurira zvakakomba geopolitical nyaya pasina kushandisa simba uye, naizvozvo, vanhu vakaurayiwa.

Zvinokonzera wokuRussia-Japanese War

1. Kusimbisa kwakaita noushamwari pakati Russia uye China. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kusvika 90-ies remakore rechi19, chikuru muupenyu Russian yokumwe mutemo waiva muBalkans, asi nokusimbaradza ushamwari inotanga muna 1894 pamwe China. Russia akagovera kuHurumende nedzenyu uye uto kubatsira muhondo pamwe Japan.
2. Hondo zvido pakati Russia uye Japan maererano simba iri kuMabvazuva Kure muManchuria.

zvikanganiso Strategic uye kukunda hondo

Pakutanga, zvaiva pachena kuti mauto eJapan haisi vakagadzirira hondo refu. Asi vemauto Russian vaidavira kuti vokuAsia achaita taurirana pamwe nyika dzokuEurope uye akaronga hondo fronts maviri. Iri raiva inokosha chikanganiso yeRussian muchiuto uye vamiriri. Uyewo, vokuRussia, dzikapfeka zvachose retardation mauto Japan (panzira, uyewo kukanganisa), ndinofunga kuti musi Western Front vanoda zvakawanda simba kupfuura kuMabvazuva. Hurongwa Russian akanga kutarisirwa uchimhanya kuramba tichishanda hondo umo mwedzi 7-8-fung vachaparadzwa kubudirira kukunda mugungwa uye kumhara pazvitsuwa. It Akagutsa somugumisiro zano Japanese, inokosha pfungwa yaiva pakarepo yakarova pamusoro Pacific dzechikwata uye kupambwa kudzora mugungwa.

Nhamba Mauto pagungwa

Russia uye Japan kwemakore asati hondo yakanga Wakatotanga mubasa nokusimbaradza fleets dzavo. Russia akanga mubasa iri Crimean War, izvo akaratidza kukosha kubudirira regungwa. Vanozvitutumadza pekusadziviririka hondo iri kumabvazuva Japan, vehondo kuziva huru basa - nokusimbaradza yePacific rengarava.

Saka, isu funga mamiriro ari fleets kunyika. Uwandu zvikepe Russian Empire kumabvazuva kusvika 1904 akanga akaenzana 64. Of vaparadzi izvi - 35 vaivawo sevatsvaki vemapuranga, battleships, zvikepe hombe. Dziwande mukuru Japanese rengarava Russia. nomuparadzi chete paakatumwa 47. The uwandu nezvikepe Japan akasvika 87 dzakabatana. Sezvo tinogona kuona, nhamba Navy Japan akapfuura Russian dzechikwata nomusi zvikepe 23. Zvichida vokuRussia kuvimba zvekushandisa ukuru, asi hazvina kushanda. Zvikepe Japanese vaimhanya, kuzoposhera nani uye vakanga zvakawanda kudzivirirwa pamuvengi kwepfuti.

Kwehondo

The kamwe kamwe ari - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha okunze ari kubudirira muhondo. The Japanese hondo uye nezvikepe simba January 27 yakatanga hondo iri nzira mbiri. Ona kuti vaviri kurwa kwakaguma zvinobudirira nokuti Japanese, kunyange zvikepe kwakaitawo akarasikirwa vamwe simba. Kurwisa kwekutanga raiva usiku Japanese. VokuAsia dzechikwata yaiva ngarava 25 mhando nhatu: battleships, sevatsvaki vemapuranga, kuvaparadzi. The kutokonora yeRussian yehondo "Tsarevich" uye "Ratzivan" dzakaparadzwa, uyewo ngarawa "Pallada". The unexpectedness wamapoka Russian vaitova asingakwanisi tirwise yakakuwandira pakati vokuJapan.

The Kurwisa newechipiri akatora nzvimbo mangwanani iwoyo, zvakazoita kukundikana akauya mumwe ngarava 5 Russian. Hatigoni kutaura kuti kuvadza rengarava umambo rakanga chinouraya, asi zvinokosha, nokuti zvakaipa chikepe kugadzira yave kwakatangwa.

hondo wechipiri zuva rakanga kupi? Zvino anozivikanwa Korean Korean akashevedza Chemulpo. Mukutanga 1904, yakanyura pachiteshi vakamira 2 chikepe Russian "Varyag" uye "Korean". The Japan mauto Russian ngarava 14. Zviri pachena kuti zvichaitirwa ngarava Russian rakazivikanwa, asi kuvakunda nokukurumidza, vokuJapan vasingagoni zvakadaro. Mukuru "Varyag" Rudnev anotenda kuti tinofanira kuedza kutiza kubva nenzara vokuJapan uye kusvika Port Arthur. Mugungwa hondo dzakatevera. Damage "Varyag" haana kubvumira kubva pfungwa Korea ezvidzidzo, asi 3 chikepe Japanese vakanga neutralized. Cherechedza kuti vafambisi vengarava Russian havana akarasika uye vakanga zvadaro kuwana kumba.

Rufu Makarov

Vatungamiriri vehondo wokuRussia vakaziva kuti Pacific Fleet pakutanga hondo haina kupfuura bvunzo kurwa. Kuti asimbise kunodzidziswa zvechiuto kurayira rengarava yakatarwa yakakurumbira Mutevedzeri-Admiral Makarov. Uyu murume vaipiwa kurwisa ruzivo, saka aifanira kutarisana zvinobudirira chete mabasa.

Mumwedzi kwayakaita wokuRussia rengarava yachinja. Makarov yekudyidzana zvakawedzera padanho kunodzidziswa zvechiuto, Navy akamutsa sangano basa. maekisesaizi kuchinyanya rakawedzera, zvichiita kuti kuwedzera nhamba uye kubudirira ngarava kuenda kugungwa. Chokwadi, vokuJapan havasi agere asina zvaaiita vakatarira vari Qualitative kuchinja Russian Navy. migumo yose kubva kuna Port Arthur dzose mined. March 31, 1904 kuti ngarawa "Petropavlovsk", iro nechikepe mundege Makarov, rakaputiswa kumusoro pedyo zvangu. vanhu vose mungarava vakaurayiwa.

Danho rechipiri hondo

Mukukunda vokuJapan Navy akaita kuti zvibvire kuti kuronga chitsuwa wehurumende hwakatamisirwa Liaodong Peninsula yakawanda kumhara simba. Zviya, kuvhiyiwa uku akanga aronga uye akarongeka pachine, nokuti chakavanzika shoma Japanese rakapinda mu Korea kubva matsutso 1903. Chokwadi, mauto eJapan havana kuitisa pachena kurwisa. Tiri kutaura nevanhu vanobva kuchengeterwa vaiva vatengesi, nyanzvi dzokugadzira, uye zvichingodaro. D. chikuru basa mauto aya akanga kugadzirira mamiriro kuti kubudirira kumhara kushandiswa, ruzivo mazambiringa.

Kubva January 24 kusvika March 3 pamahombekombe Korean tikamira zvinopfuura 35,000 Japanese. Tinofanira kunzwisisa pakuenzanisa mauto eRussia. The simba zvachose wehondo muna Asia yakasvika 123 000 vanhu. Izvi, zvinenge 24.000 vaiva Primorsky Territory. Musi Kwantung Peninsula vainge 30 zviuru. VokuRussia 19000th hondo vakarinda nomuganhu Korea. West China aiva ndima sokuronga zvakakosha tsarist. Paiva vanopfuura zviuru 50 varwi vehondo yamambo. Land mauto akarayira General A. N. Kuropatkin.

Russian boka riri pamuganhu Korea akaita tinyerere. Kunonoka kwakakanganisa kuti vokuJapan vakakundikana kurwisa 7000th Corral Russian uye kumukunda. Somugumisiro kurwa, hondo yacho Russian chakarasikirwa zvinopfuura 30 pfuti, varwi vanenge 3 zviuru vakaurayiwa, uye aifanira shure 70 makiromita. Lyaoyanskoe kurwa vakatanga kuti umambo kwakakundikana.

Jinzhou: mumwe kukundwa wehondo yamambo

Hongu, vokuRussia vaiva nechokwadi ukuru hwake panyika, asi izvi vakanga vakarasika. Mumwe Mauto Japanese yakawira pamusoro Liaodong Peninsula April 22, 1904. Kuwanda boka iri raivawo zvuru 35. Japanese rinoshamisa aiva kuti varege kupinda muhondo nehondo akarayira A. N. Kuropatkin uye vakananga kure negungwa. Chokwadi, murayiro vokuAsia Manzwisisa ngozi kuvhiyiwa, saka musi May 4 mune kumhara nzvimbo Dagushana manhamba 15,000. Chinangwa: kufukidza kunogumbura muna Jinzhou.

Japanese kudii guta rwakatora mazuva 19. Near guta rino ndiyo narrowest ndima Territory Kwantung was. Russian boka iri nekamukwavarara uyu vanhu vanenge 4 zviuru. May 13 nokurwa refu. Kunyange zvazvo Japanese nezvinhu zvaiva 3 nguva yakawanda, asi ivo akunda kurwa. Somugumisiro kukunda iyi, mauto eJapan akazarura nzira yavo chengarava remangwana. West China akauya pasi zvinonyatsorehwa kudzora vokuJapan mauto uye mauto eRussia vakatosikwa kubviswa mumwe.

Uyezve vachirwisana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kubudirira, uye rinorema nazvo kuti mauto vose.

Lyaoyanskoe hondo

Muna August 1904 wechitatu chokutambudzika hondo. Lyaoyanskoe hondo kare aronga, nekuti kwemwedzi mitatu pedo kugarwa ichi kuvaka zvakakomba masvingo. Muna August 1904 nhamba Russian Manchurian Army aiva 152,000, uye masimba Japanese vaiva pa 22 zviuru zvishoma pane nhamba. Lyaoyanskoe kurwa 1904 akaburuka munhau sezvo chiitiko chose kuvhuna mweya wehondo Russian.

Pasinei rezasi nhamba, wokutanga chiito musi waAugust 11, akaenda Japanese. Vaida kumukomberedza vokuRussia, kana kanenge kuwadzana navo zvachose zvichiita itsva nzira kusvika mauto. Tanga vaiva mauto Japanese nguva dzose, nokuti kusiyana vokuRussia vaiva chaizvo.

Hondo Kuropatkin akanga asingakwanisi zvikuru kuenda kurwisa, nokuti kure kubva pakati kunopfuura 7000? km. On August 19, vokuJapan aisa Kuropatkin rakatevera pfungwa pashure iyo paiva mungozi kubatwa Yantai. Kuziva kuti hapana chichapiwa hwapedza murayiro akasarudza shure kuna Mukden. Lyaoyanskoe kurwa, izvo vechikamu akarasikirwa anokwana 40 000 vanhu vakaratidza backwardness uye kutadza kufamba wamapoka Russian.

Results of hondo

Taura nezveremangwana kupesana, pfungwa, hapana zvazvinoreva chaiyo nekuti raiva kubudirira vokuJapan uye marwadzo Russia.

Zvakabuda muhondo Russia akange orema. Saka, muna Portsmouth Peace Chibvumirano 1905 inoti kuti:

1. Southern Sakhalin chinoita kuJapan.
2. Japan anogamuchira wakabvarura Liaodong Peninsula.
3. Mukana Japan njanji pamusoro Liaodong Peninsula.
4. WIthdrawal revarwi Russian kubva muManchuria.

Russia uye Japan vakapinda kurwisana, zvakaipira iyo, chokwadi, akanzwa nhasi, nokuti rugare chibvumirano pakati Russia uye Japan iri migumisiro 1945, hondo asati akapedzisa.