Tank "Challenger 2" tsanangudzo magadzirirwo, unhu, dziviriro dzokurwa, zvombo

Challenger 2 ndiye wokutanga British mauto tangi kubva Second World War, iyo yakagadzirirwa, akakudziridza uye zvinoberekwa chete Muvaki Vickers Defense Systems. Muenzaniso akasikwa uye dzikabereka panguva chekambani mafekitari maviri, Barnbow (Leeds) uye Scottswood (Newcastle).

Key Features

The muviri uye zvikamu dzinobva muenzaniso mugadzi yayo Challenger 1, iyo ndavhiyiwa kuvandudzwa anopfuura 150 zvainanga Kusimudzira rakavimbika uye maintainability (tangi mifananidzo vanoonekwa gare gare munyaya ino). Tower "Challenger 2" akawana neitsva chakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuchengetedzwa warrior NATO, akashongedzerwa pamwe nani shanduro kumanikidzwa chobemskoy multilayer dzokurwa. System zvenyukireya, zvoutachiona uye makemikari kudzivirira NBC anogona kudzivirira zvose anozivikanwa kutyisidzira, uye ndiye tangi wokutanga British, iyo vashandi mupanda inogona neshungu uye haachandidi.

Huru chombo unotora ane 120mm dzichapambwa pfuti L30, otomatiki pfuti 7.62mm McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems, izvo kare mubasa iri British Army uye akanga akatasva michini rwisana motokari GKN Defense Warrior, uye 7,62 mm Anti-ndege pfuti. The moto kuzvidzora kwava digital kombiyuta iri kambani Canadian uye CDC iri nani shanduro muenzaniso zvakatangwa American M1A1 Abrams. Rine zvinogona yemberi kuwedzera, akadai unobatanidza kune revarwi ruzivo kudzora maitiro uye wekushandisa nematurusi. Vashandi "Challenger 2" ndiyo 4, uye kurwa kurema yake 62,5 m. The tangi anokwanisa kutanga kufadza Mugwagwa kumhanya 56 km / h uye ane kuchengeterwa 250? Km mumugwagwa penzira 450? Km.

wokuenzanisira nhoroondo

Challenger 2 chirongwa inosanganisira kukura uye kugadzirwa 386 huru yehondo Matangi (MBT), 22 motokari kuti vatyairi kudzidzisa, anoshongwa runako 3 uye rizere pasuru kubva logistical rutsigiro, kusanganisira midziyo kurovedza uye kupembedza nhengo.

kambani "Vickers" chaiva chikuru Muvaki. Kambani akatanga basa iri tangi muna November 1986 somunhu private kambani, uye nguva pfupi pashure pacho, muna March 1987 UK Ministry Kudzivirira yave kuzviisa mharidzo yokutanga. Muna February 1988, Muvaki akabvuma chakarongwa chaiko. Muna December 1988 pakaziviswa kuti VDS kuhwina mamiriyoni 90 nechibvumirano muenzaniso chinhanho urwo rwakatora kusvikira September 1990 September 30, 2002 boka paakapedza pakuunganidza Alvis Vickers. VDS akavhiyiwa vakanga akabatanidzwa Alvis Vehicles Ltd. Kuti tibatsirwe nhaka uye mukurumbira mapoka maviri, kwakasarudzwa zita kambani itsva Alvis Vickers Ltd. Rakanga dzakwidzwa akawana Bae Systems kuumba itsva Land Systems nokupesana, vakabatana Alvis uye Ro Defense.

Muna June 1991, hurumende muUK asarudza kutenga Challenger 2 uye akaisa chinhu kuti uwandu mamiriyoni 520. Pounds por 127 zviumbu of VLT uye 13 kudzidzisa matangi. Production akatanga muna 1993, uye maBhaibheri okutanga vakanunurwa muna July 1994. New British Matangi zvakabudiswa musi VDS mafekitari muLeeds uye Newcastle. Ari kugadzirwa muitiro kwaisanganisirawo subcontractors anopfuura 250 (mu t. H. Foreign). Pakati pavo, Royal Ordnance (nesekondari chombo) rinonyatsooneka, Blair Catton (nezvemakwara) uye GEC-Marconi (kutungamirirwa hurongwa).

British warrior motokari dzinoda mberi mazuvaano. Muna July 1994, VDS akagashira mumwe kuti nerubatsiro 259 kurwisana uye 9 kudzidzisa michina, uyewo kudzidzisa uye logistical rutsigiro. The chibvumirano ukoshi vakasvika makirogiramu mamiriyoni 800.

Kuratidzwa ISRD Kuvimbika yakaitwa January 1999. Yakaitika kubva September kusvika December 1998 uye zvinobatanidzwa vachindiedza 12 MBT landfills Bovington uye Lulworth Bindon. Miedzo vakabudirira, kureva. A. Motokari dzehondo kwete chete anogutisa nezvinodiwa mutengi, asi kupfuura navo muzvinhu zvose.

Muna January 1998, Royal Scots Dragoon Guards muGermany, wekutanga matanhatu warrior regiments vakatanga kutora zvombo CR2 uye akanga yechi38 muna June 1998 uye vazvo akaramba pakuguma 2000. Mumwe nomumwe matanhatu warrior regiments vakanga vakagadzirira zvakakwana uye MBT ayo pasuru kubva logistical rutsigiro. Last 386 tangi "Challenger 2" akanga pamutemo wakatomborwira panguva mhemberero muna Salsibury Plain September 17, 2002.

Achitendeukira yakatarwa pakati mienzaniso wechipiri vakabatsira kudzidza - kubva nyore rusvingo machati kuti kombiyuta simulators Gunners. Uyewo anotidzidzisa uye zvinhu rutsigiro Royal Engineers kugadzira mauto kubatsira troubleshooting, yekuedzwa, kugadzira, calibration uye kuongorora hurongwa unongotaura.

MuAtlantic muna 6 regiments of Royal warrior Corps muUnited Kingdom uye Germany MBT "Challenger 2" akashanyira Bosnia uye Kosovo, kushandisa in Canada, Oman uye Poland. Panguva miedzo uye kurovedza ivo Munopfuura kubaya akavimbika indekisi. British Matangi vaivapowo mukushanda "Iraqi Rusununguko."

Muna July 2004, muUK Ministry Kudzivirira yakazivisa urongwa kucheka 7 warrior squadrons (zviumbu anenge 100) muna March 2007 uye kutendeuka ane warrior ushori hondo. "Challenger 2E" womuenzaniso yambokurukurwa kuti ekisipoti uye zvakagadzirirwa kuita mabasa munharaunda utsinye. The tangi akaedzwa kwazvo muna Greece, Qatar uye Saudi Arabia.

zvombo zvitsva

Mukutanga 2004 Bae Systems akagashira chibvumirano kuva 120-mm smoothbore pfuti. Pasi Pakuurayiwa chibvumirano, mota "Challenger 2" anofanira vakagadzirira pamwe Rheinmetall L55 pfuti, rinoshandiswa pana MBT "Leopard 2A6", uye muna January 2006 vakatanga miedzo yacho.

Ballistic Chishandiso maererano German 120mm L55, asi anogona externally kukodzera kupinda nzvimbo kare inogarwa L30. Current zvombo zvitoro dzichapambwa kanoni mbereko dhiramu fastening kiramba housings, gasi nzira yokubudisa maitiro uye kunangiswa akabatana ari pfuti pamberi akabatana. Pashure rokuedza Germany semudziyo kwakaedzwa mune kunofambira mberi yechigarire akatasva pamusoro chassis of MBT "Weuto" pakati 2005, uye gare gare gore iroro, pakupedzisira revatema kupinda "Challenger 2". mazuvaano ichi akabvumira British Matangi yaishandiswa 120-mm zvombo NATO mureza. Kunofambira mberi vachiridzira nemiedzo yaiitwa musi zvakawanda zvinangwa dzokurwa kuboora projectiles 120 mm Rheinmetall DM53 APFSDS ane kwakajairika core. Vakaratidza kuti DM53 zvombo ane unhu kupfuura yapfuura 120-mm kwezvinoshandiswa uranium exchange.

The Gulf War

"Challenger" chakatengwa nokuda British Army mushure Shah reIran rakaparadzwa uye hurongwa akarwiswa. It akasikwa ari mujinga tangi, "muchinda", asi yakanga zvikuru nokukurumidza, zvombo uye akadzivirira nani, kunyange zvazvo akatambura murombo moto kudzora hurongwa. "Challenger" akabvumira kuti modernize kuBritish Army kwemakore 10 adarika pane kurongwa. The muchina yakagadzirwa kurenje, asi havana kuwana mukana wokuratidza pachavo pamberi ari Gulf War.

The kambani "Vickers" haana kubereka ose matangi, asi chete rokupedzisira hondo. "Challenger" akaberekwa ari mamiriro ROF fekitari muLeeds, iyo pamberi privatization Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Royal Ordnance. Vickers akaritenga asati yakaronga yakaiswa kuti kweShanduro 7th chemazana chehondo.

Zvaaishandisa aine 120-mm pfuti L11 A5, chete simba pfungwa yacho "Challenger" kwake moto kudzora hurongwa, rakanga upgraded kuna Gulf War. Cannon mukaputsa 400 mm zvombo uye achiparadza Russian tangi yokutanga corners. Zvinenge zvose warrior motokari yokuIraq zvakabudiswa kuRussia, uye "Challenger" nyore kurarama nawo. With muhombe mhepo rutsigiro, pamwe Arabic, French uye American nevatsigiri Matangi pasina dambudziko zvikuru dzakapasanura napakati kwokudzivirira Republican Guard. "Challenger" panguva kushanda "Desert Storm", kunyanya kushandiswa mukuru-putika Squash musoro ane refu-siyana, t. To. Warrior kudzivirirwa Iraqi michina havana zvinodiwa Russian, uye kudyiwa zvikuru simba, asi zvishoma kumberi zvombo wakaramba pasina.

Tower uye dzimba

The kukura tangi kumusoro 8,3h3,52h2,49 M urefu aine pfuti akaenzana 11,57 mamita Tank Rinotarisira ine vashandi of 4 vanhu: Mutungamiriri, murwi, mutyairi uye loader ... Rinotibatsira yakakwirira, anobudirira, asiri vanorega yetsiva kugona. mukuru nzvimbo kurudyi uye vakagadzirira pamwe 8 periscope muwanze 1x uye 360 ° kuona. Vachisundira tsvuku bhatani pasi mumwe wavo kunotungamirira shongwe kufamba uye anoisa zvakakodzera nzvimbo. Murwi anogara pamberi uye pazasi mukuru uye loader kuruboshwe. Uise loader iri nepokuongorora periscope. Mutyairi wacho mberi kuri pamberi tangi.

nezvombo

The chikuru chombo of "Challenger 2" - 120mm dzichapambwa tangi pfuti L30 zvinoberekwa mumwe weboka Royal nechimiso British Aerospace Ltd Company muna Nottingham. L30 patani rinosanganisira Chrome unhani, kusika munhu akasimba uye mvere pamusoro yomukati. Inopa rakawedzera nokukurumidza uye, naizvozvo, rakapinza mano projectile, mukuru yakarurama uye kunoderedza dhiramu kusakara. Cannon tangi rakagadzirwa mukuru-mugiredhi simbi electroslag utsotso uye chafariz insulated casing. Inoshandiswawo ane hurongwa akabatana kunangiswa pamwe Manyiminya akabatana ari pamberi zvinoyerera magasi Upfu. The shongwe inogona zvayaitenderera paguyo kuburikidza 360 °, uye wehunyambiri vachiridzira siyana kubva -10 ° kusvikira + 20 °.

The kutevedzana kwezviitiko kuonekwa uye kuparadzwa nhovo huru yakagadzirirwa kuti nyore muhondo ezvinhu. Hazvina kusiyana nokuda kunofambira mberi uye kutamira kunangwa masikati kana usiku. Murwi kana mukuru sighting chiratidzo aligns nechinangwa, tinya bhatani rokutanga Laser siyana Finder, uye ipapo - pamoto bhatani.

L30 moto 120-mm zvombo. Zvombo ari 50 zviyero, uye zvingasanganisira dzokurwa kuboora projectiles ane stabilizer uye patsanurika tireyi (APFSDS), dzokurwa rinobaya putika (HESH) kana utsi. Pfuti iri kugonawo vachiridzira projectiles ane chinoumba kwezvinoshandiswa uranium exchange (Du) pamwe vachiridzira mutariri Shestov. The arambe achirema of kwezvinoshandiswa uranium exchange anenge 2,5 nguva dzakakwirira kupfuura simbi, chinopa yakakwirira kupinda kugona. Uye Du L30 tiri chikamu "kanoni-goko-mutariri» norunako 1. A hurongwa sezvo runako 3, sezvamakaropafadzwa chinoumba ari kwezvinoshandiswa uranium exchange ane kureba wakakura dhayamita reshiyo kuwedzera rakapinza kugona. Zvombo pamwe yoga vachizvitakudza zvakachengetwa pasi turret mhete warrior matangi.

pfuti iri kuvhiyiwa zvakazara yemagetsi hurongwa kutungamirirwa uye Kudzikamiswa kambani GEC Marconi Radar uye Defense Systems (Leicester). Tank "Challenger 2" iri vakapakata 7,62 mm otomatiki kanoni McDonnell Douglas, riri kuruboshwe huru pfuti. Uchiraira kuruboshwe zvombo 7.62mm antiaircraft pfuti mhando L37A2, akatasva rising.

Kumativi maviri pamberi shongwe iri 5 utsi girinedhi kambani Hélio Mirror (Kent, UK). "Challenger 2" uyewo vanokwanisa kutanga utsi chidzitiro kuburikidza Kubayiwawo jekiseni Diesel mafuta mukati chiutsi ezvinhu injini.

The tangi iri akashongedzerwa aine mwero uto date bhazi Military Standard 1553. The moto kudzora kombiyuta iri digital kadambari mudziyo Computing mano Company (Ontario, Canada). Inogona kuwedzerwa Somuenzaniso, mashoko gadziriro zvehondo, kufamba uye kudzidzisa enyika.

Muna 2004 Bae Systems akagashira chibvumirano kuva 120-mm smoothbore pfuti. Kuti izvi zvidaro, kambani yokuGermany Rheinmetall L55 pfuti akapa ivhu, kuisa kuti "Leopard 2Vanhu." mumwe chete yokuenzanisira rakagadzirwa, iyo Zvisinei kwakaedzwa muna January 2006 Tungsten DM53 akaratidza mukuru efficacy kupfuura runako 3,, nokuti ayo Implementation vanofanira kuchinja maitiro "chombo projectile-mutariri".

sensors

Gyro-kudzikamiswa kuona mukuru uye ndiyo muenzaniso VS 580-10 kambani SFIM Industries (France). Yokumusoro Unit VS 580, ine gyro akagadzikana Panoramic kuona uye zvemagetsi, akatasva pedenga reshongwe. Rangefinder Laser kwakavakirwa Nd: YAG iri midzi muna zvenguva gungano unobva yokumusoro mugove pamwe rezasi telescopic nekereke unotora ane Manyiminya zvichiongororwa hurongwa, Chinyorwa kuzvidzora, zvemagetsi, uye hurongwa Kudzikamiswa. Sight inopa raundi munda maonero asina kutendeuka musoro wake. kuona Range kuchinja ndiyo ± 35 °. Munda maonero optics akaenzana 3,2x 16,5 °, asi kuwedzera 10,5h - 5 °.

The imager TOGS II Pilkington Optronics (Glasgow, UK) anopa chiono usiku. Inoshandisa British TICM 2. imager Switch yakaiswa mukati warrior barbettes pamusoro kanoni. Microcomputer compressor uye zvinopa kutonhora gasi humburumbira Switch. On the chafariz mufananidzo seari zviratidzo ari sighting chiratidzo, uye gadziriro mamiriro ruzivo. Thermal mufananidzo kuwedzera 4 kana 11,5h kuratidzirana mu namano murwi uye mutungamiri, uyewo mumafirimu dzavo pasina magnification.

Tine chikuru murwi kuona kugadzirwa nevanhu Pilkington Optronics. It ine muviri ane rokuongorora mugero musoro chikwata ane kudzikamiswa sighting girazi 4 Hz Laser siyana Finder uye tarisisa ine monocular. Rangefinder ane wavelength pamusoro 1,064 microns ane zvakawanda kubva 200 M kusvika 10 km. Kururama ndiko ± 5 m kusvika 30 M kuzivisisa. Shooter uyewo vakapakata reversible Manyiminya telescopic pamberi L30 Nanoquest, vakatasva coaxially chete pfuti.

chigaro mutyairi wacho vakapakata kungotarisa periscope Pilkington Optronics. It anoshandisa chiratidzo usiku mudziyo. Nokuda kwaizvozvo usiku tangi anokwanisa richisvika aimhanya akafanana masikati, pasina kushandisa chakagadzirwa chiedza.

Murwi uye imager chokuita moto kudzora kombiyuta Via imwe date bhazi Military Standard 1553.

"Challenger 2": mumwe tangi muhondo

Photo tangi mukati kupiwa kumusoro. vashandi wavarwi anotungamirira yakaiswa pamusoro pedenga Panoramic kuona pamusoro chipfuro uye kudzvanya bhatani, zvichiguma vachishandisa kutenderera neshongwe, ukuwo hunde hakuzoitiki zvaitika akataura kubaya. Murwi anotora kurapa chipfuro unosanganisira munhu Laser rangefinder uye moto bhatani nokuda chigadzirwa wapfura. Panguva iyi, tangi mukuru anokwanisa zvikavengwa aonezve unotevera chipfuro. zvinangwa zviviri izvi zvinochengeterwa mudura digital moto kudzora kombiyuta. Mushure bara uye kurova chipfuro rokutanga Mutungamiriri runonditsikirira bhatani, neshongwe anonyengetedzwa kuti chinangwa rechipiri bara kwaita. Pamusana nzira iyi tangi muhondo yakawedzera firepower kuti zvinobudirira uye nokukurumidza kurova kubaya.

bvunzo

"Challenger 2" akanga vakabudirira akaedzwa muBritish Army uye Royal Army pamusoro Oman. All kushanda parameters mu t. H. Chombo hurongwa akavimbika uye robustness kunge kubudirira. Features chobemskoy dzokurwa anotsigirwa mukufamba odhita kwayo ano Anti-tangi zvombo. The bvunzo Zvakaguma vakachengeteka zvakakwana shongwe, uye anokwanisa kutungamirira chombo aiming maitiro uye kuti kwepfuti.

fambisa

Tank "Challenger 2" riri vakashongedzerwa ane 12-humburumbira Diesel injini inokwana 1200 litres. a. pamusoro Perkins Engines (Shropshire, UK). Kutapukirwa - David Brown TN54 muenzaniso ne 6 mberi uye vaviri neizvi rachulis. Speed tangi rinosvika 59 km / h uye avhareji kure-munzira - 40 km / h. Kumhanya kuchengeterwa iri? Km 450 ne mugwagwa uye 250? Km pamuchinjikwa-nyika.

chengetedzo

Pamasikiro tangi "Challenger 2" anonyatsoteerera kuti kuchengeteka vashandi uye survivability of machine. The shongwe iri vakagadzirira pamwe rechipiri dzokurwa chobemskoy chizvarwa, izvo chinopa rakawedzera kuramba kupinda pakati Anti-tangi anoshongwa. The tangi kunodzivirirwa kubva zvinokonzerwa zvenyukireya, zvoutachiona uye nezvombo zvine makemikari achibatsirwa riri turret NBC dziviriro gadziriro iri pressurized yakasvinwa mhepo. Electronics runochengetedzwa yenyukireya remagetsi kufamba kweropa.

Movement of pfuti turret uye zvinoberekwa wemagetsi panzvimbo hydraulic actuator. Izvi anobvisa ngozi chokuita atsamwira mukuru vachimanikidzwa hoses vari vashandi mupanda. Kuchengetera zvombo riri pazasi neshongwe rinopa shoma pangozi kupfuura navaivanda chikamu.

Tank kwakaitwa namano zvemichina kuti waanodzikisira ayo radar siginicha.