The ndege La-7: nokurondedzerwa, vanodhirowa, mapikicha

ndege Soviet La-7 akasikwa OKB-21 (guta Gorky, ikozvino Nizhny Novgorod -). Akatungamirira kukura SA Lavochkin - mumwe zvakanakisisa vagadziri Soviet. ndege iyi yakanga imwe inonyatsobudirira nzira kurwa ndege muHondo Yenyika II. Iye zvikabatanidzwa anokosha mashandiro mhepo ukuru - maneuverability uye nezvombo.

tsananguro

LA-7 - plane, izvo zvinogona semhosva yakakura monoplane (mudziyo mumwe peya mapapiro). It ane chete-injini, iri uta, uye chete chigaro - nokuti mutyairi. Nowakautangira - 5-murwi ndege, yakatangawo 21 mamita kuEdo. The kumumvuri rokutanga ndege (by LA-120 romutemo) akabvisa muna November 1943.

Pakutanga 1944, iye vakabudirira akapfuura ndege nemiedzo uye pakuyananisira yetsiva basa. Pakazopera hondo kubva conveyor wakaburuka anopfuura 5.700 murwi La-7. Maererano zhinji vezvikepe Soviet, ndege iyi yakanga yakanakisisa: kunzwisisa agility yayo, kumhanya, akavimbika uye firepower. Panguva achidzora evadzimi akadaro mukuru-kirasi nechivimbo mukukunda pamusoro chero ace Third Reich.

Nyaya

LA-7 kunokonzerwa ari muzvigadzirwa shanduka munhevedzano anoverengeka ndege. Pakutanga akazviratidza vanodzima LaGG-2 (mune 1939) uye LaGG-3 (1940 ndipo). zvisikwa wazvo akapindwa vagadziri M. Gudkov uye Gorbunov. The murwi chechipiri aikwanisa ndege pa aimhanya 600 km / h - nokukurumidza German ndege mukirasi yacho. Asi akanga orema; makirogiramu 600 kupfuura Yak-1. Maneuverability LaGG-3 uye kukwira akasiya zvakawanda anodikamwa.

Muna 1942 rakasvika LA-5 vane vakareruka injini, zvakanaka rikaratidzwa mu Hondo Stalingrad. The ndege itsva kwaikosha "Messerschmitt", zvakanga zvakawanda maviri 20-millimeter pfuti caliber, uye vakanga kunobatsira kupfuura "German" rimwe chete mudziyo, vaisanganisa vaviri zvigwagwagwa.

Muna 1943, panguva Hondo Kursk, nyika Air Force akagamuchira chizvarwa chitsva evadzimi - LA-5FN pamwe uprated michini, kupenya uye nyore kudzora. Kunyange ichangoburwa German "Focke-Wulf-190" vaisagona kuva mukwikwidzi pakati ndege yeSoviet. Uye pakupedzisira, pakupera 1943 amuka muenzaniso rutsva mhepo - LA-7. Pairi, kana tichienzanisa yapfuura murwi, paiva pfuti rechitatu, uyewo ndege anogona kusvika aimhanya 680 km / h.

Design shasha

Murume akatungamirira pakusikwa LA-7 - Urume Alekseevich Lavochkin. Iye - goridhe medalist, muna 1918-1920 akashanda ari Red Army uye kwekumaodzanyemba mauto. Zvadaro unlearn kuti Moscow Higher tehuchilische (zvino MSTU. Bauman), apo akagamuchira kupupura injiniya Aeromechanics. Nyaya chinyorwa chake chokuita kukura bhomba.

Kushanda ari indasitiri aviakonstruktorskoy Semyon akatanga mukupera 20, okutanga vakanga vaiita kubva mazano ndege nokuda rengarava USSR, uye ipapo uende ushande murwi. In yechipiri yezana 30s, kana kushivirira, hurumende yeSoviet vakasarudza kubhadhara ngwariro chaiyo chitange Air Force munyika. First Lavochkin pamwe SN Lyushin akasika ndege LL-1, zvombo pamwe chidhayinamo rektivnymi pfuti. Gare gare vakauya zvikabva I-301, ine hunoshamisa magadzirirwo vanodhirowa. LA 7 chikwereti chacho chitarisiko ouinjiniya namaoko Mbeu Alekseevich makore iwayo.

zvinoitwa

Kumhanya uye mwero kukwira pamusoro ndege La-7, pfungwa, kungofanana nevaya La-5FN. Kuderedza Ndege nokukurumidza yakanga 680 km / h (apo ichibhururuka ari nekukwirira 6 zviuru metres.), Usanyanyoratidza ukoshi munyika - 597 km / h. Range LA-7 rwendo raiva 635 km chokuvhenekesa nekukwirira - 10 km 750 m.

Dzinokwira murwi - 1098 metres paminiti. Machine kureba - 8,60 m, nekukwirira - 2,54 mamita Empty uremu -. 2605 makirogiramu Loaded - 3265 makirogiramu. Kwaitikira bapiro murwi - 17.5 ba. M Maximum yasimuka uremu -. 3400 makirogiramu. Mapapiro ndege - 9,80 mamita LA-7 Engine -. Rimwe matatu nezvemarudzi 82FN-db, db-83 Fighter kana 71. 1850 ane akapinza horsepower (ndiro yakaenzana 1380 KW). Mumwe chinokosha kusiyana pakati LA-7 kubva rapfuura ndege - lightweight design (nokuda divi nhengo simbi).

nezvombo

Kurwa zvokushandisa ndege La-7 vaiva, sezvinoita mutemo, maviri 20-mm kanoni mhando ShVAK kana zvitatu pfuti mumwechete mhando B-20 caliber. Vakakwanisa kudzivisa bara paricharova mashizha ari hwindimiri, nokutanga navo hydromechanical synchronizer. Zvombo kuti pfuti kazhinji ShVAK aiva vaitenderera 200 paminiti chombo. Uyewo zvombo anoshongwa kuzadzikiswa dzokurwa kuboora incendiary mhando (kukwanisa kubaya zvombo kuti 22 mm pamwe chinhambwe mamita 100), uyewo kusabatana incendiary zvombo mhando. Pasi pamapapiro ndege aigona yakatarwa mabhomba (kusvika makirogiramu 100 musi mumwe bapiro). Vazhinji ndivo anoshongwa mhando Fab-50 uye 100, ZAB-50, 100 (Subscript rinoreva vakawanda bhomba - 50 kana 100 kg).

kutadza

Nyanzvi Military akataura kuti ndege La-7 nguva nenguva kuramba kushanda hydraulics. Zvakanga zvisiri wakadzikama chaizvo uye murwi injini. Nokuti kuti injini mhepo intakes vaiva bapiro mundege, vakanga vava tsinga huruva pfuma panguva yasimuka uye kumhara. Naizvozvo, injini aigona kuramba kushanda. pfuma iyi akafuratira nyanzvi pamusoro ehurumende nemiedzo: Kubvuma kwakaitika yechando, apo pakanga pasina guruva.

Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa kuti injini pamusoro LA-5FN akaramba vashoma zvikuru kupfuura LA-7. Oil unotonhorera yaiva pasi fuselage iri ndege, uye nokuda kwaizvozvi vari kabhini inopisa chaizvo (anenge 40 madhigirii muchando uye 55 muzhizha). Vezvikepe vane nguva zvokuvapfuura kufungisisa ndechokuti nzvimbo yemutekenyi akawira chiutsi magasi kubva muinjini, uye kazhinji kwakadonha pamusoro girazi condensate.

Enzanisa zvakafanana zvigadzirwa: Dzidziso uye Practice

LA-7 ndege, ine mufananidzo mune mabhuku dzakawanda avhiyesheni Soviet, rinowanzoshandiswa vachinzwisisa kuva murwi, nokure vazvo German - FW-190 uye "Messerschmitt-109". Zvisinei, vezvikepe pachavo vakati kuti munorwisa ndege German zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, kuita svetuka, maererano nedzimwe aces Soviet, "vanhu vokuGermany" zvaiva nani zvikuru pane muchina uyu. Naizvozvo, kuti ndiwane kurwa kana muvengi akaita aerobatics, kugona hunongotaura unyanzvi kupfuura vezvikepe Soviet Air Force.

Asi, Chikurukuru, muna LA-7 Pakadaro, achipa mukana nokuda unopinza iine nokukurumidza. Zvaakanga kuendesa pedyo pamwe vokuGermany vaigona kundorwa muvengi. Zvisinei zviratidzi vanobwembura nharaunda (chinjikira maneuverability) pa LA-7 kubvumira ichitaura yokuzvikwidziridza pamusoro ndege German. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nechepazasi Soviet Ndege bapiro vachizvitakudza: vanenge 190 makirogiramu / ba m. (Apo "German" - makirogiramu anopfuura 200 / sq.m.). Naizvozvo LA-7 haana kutendeuka 3-4 masekonzi dzichimhanya kupfuura Somuenzaniso, "Focke-Wolf".

rwisana ruzivo

LA-7 - zviri ndege, iyo akaita kurwisa dzavo mishoni, IN Kozhedub - kunozivikanwa mutyairi wendege, Hero of Soviet Union katatu. Kurwisana nzira akatanga ari achidzora of LA-5, iyo Aderedza wandei dhazeni ndege. UFARISINI LA-7, Kozhedub akaparadza 17 varwi German, achipembererwa uchizadzisa rwisana ayo mishoni panguva kurwisana pedyo neBerlin.

Active revarwi kushandiswa ndege rakatanga muna June 1944. murwi uyu yave rukudzo chaiwo Guards regiments Soviet Air Force. Pamusoro kunozivikanwa LA-7 akataura chokwadi AI Pokryshkin - said, Hero of Soviet Union katatu. Patinoita rwisana mishoni pamusoro mundege iyi, iye akaposha pasi 17 varwi German, kusanganisira reactive "Messerschmitt-262". Great mutyairi wendege Soviet akaona LA-7 mharidzo yakanaka maneuverability, kumhanya, chombo simba: nayo blends zvose zvakakwana vaunofarira "payakavakirwa" Ace "nokukurumidza, rinoshamisa uye moto."

Ndege yacho gamba

LA 7 Vanyori Guru Patriotic rakagara richidudzirwa chokuita nezita Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub uyo scored 64 Unobata (pakange pasisina chimwe Ace imwe Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa). Account Hondo mutyairi yakavhurwa March 1943 iri uto ndege La-5. Naizvozvo Kozhedub anoita ichi mhando imwe murwi ndege 146 sorties uye vakagogodza 20 "German". Muna May 1944, mufambisi wengarava yakatamira LA-5FN, iyo ikaunganidzwa pamusoro mari, Sezvineiwo, rimwe wemurimi Stalingrad nharaunda. Panguva ndege iyi, akaparadza 7 dzakabatana muvengi ndege. Muna August Kozhedub hondo hwakatamisirwa itsva kuti varwi Soviet Air Force ndege-7. In kwakadai ndege Ivan Nikititch akarwa kusvikira pakuguma World.

Panguva imwe kurwa mishoni LA 7 Kozhedub yakarohwa injini ake nemhuru. Kusakanda mapfumo pasi muvengi, Ace Soviet akatuma ndege kune rimwe zvinhu pasi. Asi kana murwi akatanga swoop pasi, injini pakarepo vakarumbidzwa, uye Kozhedub, unomutsa LA-7 kubva yepamusorosoro, kudzokera Banga. Munyika hondo, Ivan Nikitich nendege ari kurwa basa 330 nguva, muchirongwa 120 mhepo hondo, izvo akaparadza 64 muvengi ndege. Akanga paakavapa Medals matatu "Gold Star".